• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.207-210
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• 1991

SJ-002 is a combination prescription of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, DL-methylephedrine HCl, caffeine, chlorpheniramine maleate, guaifenesin and dextromethorphan HBr. Common cold symptoms such as headache, pharyngitis, fever, or cough were improved by oral administration of SJ-002. This study enrolled about 30 patients, which was carried out from Jun. to Jul. 1991. The patients were given one bottle (30 ml) of SJ-002 t.i.d by P.O for one to seven days. 1) Thirty patients(100%) had improvements with this drug. 2) There were eight patients (26.7%) with side effects. But the side effects were not serious and transient when the medication was discontinued.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.375-381
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• 2016

Background: We evaluated the drug interaction profile of Red Ginseng (RG) with respect to the activities of major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes and the drug transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in healthy Korean volunteers. Methods: This article describes an open-label, crossover study. CYP probe cocktail drugs, caffeine, losartan, dextromethorphan, omeprazole, midazolam, and fexofenadine were administered before and after RG supplementation for 2 wk. Plasma samples were collected, and tolerability was assessed. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated, and 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios of the parameters were determined from logarithmically transformed data using analysis of variance after RG administration versus before RG administration. Results: Fourteen healthy male participants were evaluated, none of whom were genetically defined as poor CYP2C9, 2C19, and CYP2D6 metabolizers based on genotyping. Before and after RG administration, the geometric least-square mean metabolic ratio (90% CI) was 0.870 (0.805-0.940) for caffeine to paraxanthine (CYP1A2), 0.871 (0.800-0.947) for losartan (CYP2C9) to EXP3174, 1.027 (0.938-1.123) for omeprazole (CYP2C19) to 5-hydroxyomeprazole, 1.373 (0.864-2.180) for dextromethorphan to dextrorphan (CYP2D6), and 0.824 (0.658-1.032) for midazolam (CYP3A4) to 1-hydroxymidazolam. The geometric mean ratio of the area under the curve of the last sampling time ($AUC_{last}$) for fexofenadine (P-gp) was 0.963 (0.845-1.098). Administration of concentrated RG for 2 wk weakly inhibited CYP2C9 and CYP3A4 and weakly induced CYP2D6. However, no clinically significant drug interactions were observed between RG and CYP and P-gp probe substrates. Conclusion: RG has no relevant potential to cause CYP enzyme- or P-gp-related interactions.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.247-247
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• 1996

Previous work in our laboratory has shown that noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, MK-801, ketamine, dextrorphan and dextromethorphan cause a pronounced inhibition of apomorphine-induced cage climbing behavior in intact mice, suggesting the involvement of NMDA receptors in the glutamatergic modulation of dopaminergic function at the postsynaptic dopamine (DA) receptors: Therefore, in order to definitively establish the involvement of NMDA receptor in the apomorphine-induced dopaminergic response at the postsynaptic DA receptor, it is necessary to investigate whether or not the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonists would inhibit these phenomena not only in intact mice but also in the mice that are devoid of any involvement of indirect dopaminergic function. To minimize the risk of any indirect involvement of NMDA antagonists with DA neurons, vesicular DA stores were first depleted with reserpine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1997.04a
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• pp.102-102
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the behavioral interaction between glutamatergic and serotonergic receptors. In the present study, both the competitive (AP-5 and D-CPP) and the noncompetitive (MK-801, ketamine, dextrorphan and dextromethorphan) N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists markedly enhanced 5-HT(5-hydroxytryptamine)-induced selective serotonergic behavior, head-twitch response (HTR), in mice. These results suggest that the glutamatergic neurotransmission may modulate serotonergic function at the 5-HT receptor. The precise relationship between glutamatergic and serotonergic system is as yet undefined. However, these are the first data available regarding glutamatergic modulation of serotonergic function at the 5-HT receptor in intact mice, and the present results support the notion that the NMDA receptors may play important roles in the glutamatergic modulation of serotonergic function at the 5-HT receptor.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.3 no.1_2
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• pp.5-15
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• 1973

Fluorometric determination of dl-Methylephedrine hydrochloride from complex preparation were studied. According to the experimental results and considerations obtained the results for the following. (1) dl-Methylephedrine hydrochloride in Hydrochloric acid media occurs the fluorescens by Picrolonic acid and Cuppric acetate. (2) The maximum absorption fluorescence wave length of dl-Methylephedrine hydrochloride standard solution is $365m{\mu}$. (3) The relationship between the fluorescence proportions to concentration of standard solution at range of $4.2{\times}10^{-4}\;M$. $6{\times}10^{-4}M$. (4) dl-Methylephedrine hydrochloride was precisely determined even in the presence of various components, especially Chloropheniramine maleate, Dextromethorphan hydrobromide and Diphenylhydramine hydrochloride. (5) This method has high sensitivity and is simple in precedure. (6) This method be applicable with 99.79% accuracy and was 99.5% in complex preparation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 1988

A simple and sensitive HPLC method was developed for the simultaneous determination of ten kinds of active ingredients formulated in commercial cough-cold mixtures. A group of Pseudoephedrine HCl, dl-Methylephedrine HCl, Noscapine, Chlorophenylamine maleate, Dextromethorphan HBr and Phenylpropanolamine HCl were determined at 254nm using a Novapak $C_{18}$ column with mobile phase consisting of a mixture of methanol-acetonitrile-1, 4dioxane-tetrahydrofuran-water(12 : 20 : 20 : 5 : 43, pH4.7) containing 0.013M-dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate. The another group of Acetoaminophen, Caffeine, Guaifenesin and Ethenzamide were also determined at 254nm using a Novapak $C_{18}$ column as the stationary phase, and a mixture of methanol-1% aqueous acetic acid (3 : 7). The results indicate that these methods are accurate and precise with relative standard deviation of not more than 1% (n=5) for the above active ingredients.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.327-333
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• 2011

Clinically, treatment goal of neuropathic pain focused on not elimination of etiology but management and control of symptoms because we don't know certain about clear etiology of neuropathic pain yet. The drugs used for the management of neuropathic pain were classified as drugs with strong evidence for benefit(antidepressants, anticonvulsants, opioid analgesics etc.), modest evidence for benefit(mexiletine, carbamazepine, clonidine etc.), preliminary evidence for benefit(NSAIDs, dextromethorphan, topiramate etc.). Finally, the treatment for trigeminal neuralgia was outlined separately since this disorder responds to a different group of drugs than other neuropathic pain conditions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.539-546
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• 1997

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is perceived as an attractive tool for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biological materials because of their high separation efficiency, easy separation and low running cost. New concept of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) expanded the application of CE to the separation of neutral molecules. Validation of CE as an analytical technique for quality control of pharmaceuticals should be confirmed by quantitative analysis and the peak confirmation. In this study, the quantitative analyses of various types of neutral, acidic and basic components (acetaminophen, caffeine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine, dl-methylephedrine and dextromethorphan) in complex cold medicines have been accomplished using CE. Combined methods of MECC using SDS and capillary zone electrophoresis lowering the pH of running buffer were adopted to determine the ingredients in capsule type or liquid formula complex medicines without particular sample pretreatment. The results indicate that CE is a promising technique for quality control analysis of pharmaceuticals as a validation method.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.111.2-112
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• 2003

Dextromethophan and carisoprodol have been abused to obtain a hallucination for longer than 10 years in Korea. Due to their seriousness of abuse liablility, recently government decided to control them as a psychotropic agents. As these are controlled, it is necessary for us to establish the analysis of these medicine and their metabolites in hair to prove the abuse of these drugs. This study is described for the determination of dextrometorphan and carisoprodol in hair. (omitted)

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.213-217
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• 2006

We evaluated the potential of major components of Phellodendri cortex to inhibit the activities of CYP2D6 and p-glycoprotein. The abilities of berberine, palmatine, limonin, and rutaecarpine to inhibit CYP2D6-mediated dextromethorphan O-demethylation and calcein AM accumulation were tested using human liver microsomes and L-MDR1 cell, respectively. Berberine strongly inhibited CYP2D6 isoform activity, whereas limonin and reuaecarpine did not. The $IC_{50}$ value of berberine was reduced after preincubation with microsomes in the presence of NADPH generating system, suggesting that berberine is a mechanism based inhibitor. In addition, all chemicals tested, didn't show inhibitory effect on p-glycoprotein activity. These results suggest that berberine has potential to inhibit CYP2D6 activity in vitro. Therefore, in vivo studies investigating the interactions between berberine and CYP2D6 substrates are necessary to determine whether inhibition of CYP2D6 activity by berberine is clinically relevant.