• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.222-231
• /
• 1989

Three classes of proteinase inhibitors are known in soybean; the Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (SKTI), the Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor and its isoinhibitors. To study the molecular structure and expression characteristics of the SKTI, antibody was obtained by immunizing rabbit with the SKTI purified from soybean by preparative electrophoresis. Anti-SKTI antibody was not only specific for mature SKTI in soybean seed but also recognized the precursor which was synthesized in vitro. Translation in vitro was carried out in wheat germ extract with polyadenylated mRNA isolated from developing soybean seeds. One of the seed specific translation products, MW 24K, was identified to be the precursor for the SKTI by immunoprecipitation with anti-SKTI antibody. Mature SKTI of MW 20K, however, was not detected in the translates in vitro. These results suggest that the precursor polypeptide is synthesized from the mRNA and is cleaved to yield mature SKTI in soybean seed. The SKTI gene was expressed with the maturation of soybean seed in a tissue-specific and development stage-specific manner.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2013

This research was carried out to clarify the germination characteristics with reference to hard seed coat in safflower. Morphologically, seed coat surface has hilum and micropyle which were evident during seed development stage. In the flower of developing seeds, the hilum area is connected with placenta of maternal tissue while the micropyle area is connected with the style of pistil. When the seeds imbibed, the hilum surface began to crack and the embryo protrudes through the hilum. To investigate the route for moisture absorption and gas exchange on the seed coat, the hilum and the micropyle were artificially sealed by paraffin. The seeds whose hilum were sealed could not germinate, which indicates that the exchange of moisture and oxygen takes place through hilum in safflower seeds. The germination was tested at $15^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, and $25^{\circ}C$ by three substrates with different moisture conditions; top of paper method (hilum submerged in water), between-paper method, and soil seeding. The germination percentages were 31.3% at $15^{\circ}C$, 15.7% at $20^{\circ}C$ and 6.0% at $25^{\circ}C$ in the top of paper method; and 45.5% at $15^{\circ}C$, 30.0% at $20^{\circ}C$ and 14.0% at $25^{\circ}C$ in the between-paper method; and 80.0% at $15^{\circ}C$, 77.0% at $20^{\circ}C$ and 78.0% at $25^{\circ}C$ in the soil seeding, respectively. When the internal structure of hilum was investigated through SEM, it was found out consisting of vascular bundle element. In conclusion, the hilum of safflower seed was closely related with water absorption and gas exchange during initial germination process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.112-120
• /
• 2006

It is possible to divide the historical changes of slope revegetation in Japan into five periods as follows; 1) The early period after creation(1927-1948), 2) The spreading period of modern revegetation work with manpower(1947-1958), 3) The spreading period of rapid revegetation technique using exotic grasses with machineries(1959-1985${\dots}$), 4) The spreading period of rapid reforestation technique by fast growing species mainly using leguminous shrub species(1986-1995${\dots}$), 5) The developing period of nature restoration technique using endemic arborous species(1996-). Recently main purpose of slope revegetation has been developing from the erosion protection to the nature restoration in the current of the 5th period. It is said that the role of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology(JSRT) is critical to the history of slope revegetation in Japan. 'The tentative guidelines of slope nature restoration' was announced by JSRT in 2004. In the guidelines, it was proposed that the planning techniques of using suitable seeds/plants based on the preservation level at the each construction sites. Moreover, the use of soil seed bank is the new and important study theme in the field of nature restoration. Consequently, at present the importance of advanced monitoring methods for vegetation maintenance and plant sociologic survey to evaluate the plant succession is increasing. Finally, some critical concepts are necessary to develop the field of restoration in Korea as follows; 1) monitoring of constructed sites, 2) ensuring of biodiversity, 3) recognition of slow revegetation and mosaic arrangement in revegetation, 4) reuse and recycle on the construction sites, and 5) promotion of specialist.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.95-103
• /
• 2017

The present study was performed to develop healthier sweeteners for brown rice Dasik with chia seed powder. The quality features and sensory evaluation were tested for brown rice Dasik with chia seed powder added with five different sweeteners and the results are as follows. The Dasik (DS) with isomalto-oligosaccharide and starch syrup received the highest scores on moisture content tests. The results from hardness tests identified the DS with agave syrup as the hardest, and the results from the adhesiveness test verified that the DS with agave syrup as well as the DS with starch syrup produce the most adhesive DS. The results of the springiness test show that the DS with starch syrup has higher springiness than other sweetners. The highest score for the chewiness and cohesiveness tests was the DS with starch syrup, while the DS with isomalto-oligosaccharide received the highest score on the gumminess test. The results of the chromaticity measurement test found that the DS with starch syrup showed the highest score of 'L' and the lowest score with fructo-oligosaccharide. In addition, the highest score of 'a' was DS with isomalto-oligosaccharide and the lowest score of 'b' was the DS with starch syrup. The results of sugar content displayed that the DS with starch syrup was the highest and the DS with fructo-oligosaccharide was the lowest score. The results of sensory evaluation verified that color did not influence evaluators' preference investigation. The results of sweet flavor test found that the DS with honey and the DS with agave syrup had the most preferred by participants, but there was no statistically significant difference among all five different sweeteners from the sweet taste test. Furthermore, the DS with agave syrup received the highest score while the DS with agave syrup scored the lowest from the hardness preference test. General preference evaluation identified the highest score with the addition of fructo-oligosaccharide and the lowest score with the addition of isomalto-oligosaccharide. Thus, the findings of the present study provide the meaningful results to demonstrate the DS with fructo-oligosaccharide is the most suitable sweetener to manufacture brown rice DS added by chia seed powder, and this result will help marketers with creating meaningful strategies and with developing similar products using chia seed powder.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.1025-1038
• /
• 2010

Carrot ($Daucus$ $carota$ L. var. $sativa$) is one of the most widely used crops in the world. Moreover it is an important crop because of its high content of ${\beta}$-carotene, well-known as the precursor of vitamin A carotenoid. However, seed-hair which is generated in epidermal cell of seeds inhibits absorption and germination. For that reason, carrot seeds are commercialized after mechanical hair removal process. To overcome such cumbersome weaknesses, new breeding program for developing hairless-seed carrot cultivar has been needed. Therefore, in this study, cDNA libraries from seeds of short-hair seed phenotype CT-ATR615 OP 666-13line and hairy seed CT-ATR615 OP-CK1-9 line were constructed and expression patterns related to generation of seed-hair were analyzed by comparison of EST sequences. Differential EST sequence results between two lines were classified into FunCat functional categories based on the results of BlastX search. Higher expression quantities belonging to metabolic category were shown on short-hair seed line than hairy-seed one. Differential expression quantities between those two lines in the protein folding and stabilization, subcellular localization categories were supposed to contribute variously on the generation of seed-hair. We confirmed 50 and 59 SSR sites, and 2 SNP sites by analyzing EST sequences in two lines; thereafter, we designed SNP and SSR primer sets from these EST sequence information as a molecular marker. These markers are thought to be used in research of molecular markers for classification of carrot family and related to various traits, as well as seed-hair characteristic.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2014

Due to rapid climate changing and the need for energy conservation, environment friendly initiatives have emerged, and regulations to support establishment of green structures in construction have been legislated and enacted. In this study, the supporting of green build method act for rapid climate change and energy conservation. Using green build method, protecting surrounding ecosystem and developing green building continuously, I suggest alternative for protection of the environment. Identifies Envelope Design Elements among various construction Green Building Design Guidelines. Green buildings that we extract the Green Building envelope design from Design Guideline, select the object building through the green buildings examples of public institution relocation projects. Since then analyzes the planned schematic design and Green Envelope Design Elements and Green Building Certification(G-SEED). So, that future directions for planning correlation of Green Building and Design Guidelines about Green Design Elements Can be presented.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.157-164
• /
• 2017

Roadside native vegetation provides important habitat for plants and animals, and provides visual amenity and beauty for drivers and rural areas. In particular, native wildflowers create and maintain attractive landscaping and scenic vistas while help protect and restore the natural environment. However, it is lacking in government policies and guidelines about using native wildflowers for roadside vegetation and alien invasive plants are a major threat to our environment. The purpose of this study is to review the regulations and programs for roadside vegetation, especially native wildflowers in USA in order to learn lessons about developing wildflower policies in Korea. A summary of results follows: (1) the goals of roadside vegetation have been shifted from beautification for pleasant driving experience to sustainable and economical maintenance. (2) Various funds and laws by federal and local government are essential for native wildflower planting and roadside enhancement. (3) Ongoing projects on seed collection and seed banking of native plants are conducted by wildflower research centers to conserve and propagate endangered plants. (4) Recognizing that wildflower viewing holds tremendous potential, increasing local governments try to grow wildflower tourism for economic benefits. In conclusion, we should establish a long-range plan and regulations on roadside wildflowers planting in order to create safe and sustainable transportation corridors in Korea. In addition, more research on wildflower habitat and propagation should be warranted and landscape architects should play a definitive role in providing pleasant driving experiences and promoting wildflower tourism.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2016

Purpose: As the concerns for the environment are gradually prioritized, increasing interests of environment-friendly buildings are drawn. The Green Standard for Energy & Environmental Design (G-SEED) has been strengthened. However, there are no specific assessment criteria that reflect the special situation of healthcare facility. UK, US and Japan have green building certifications specially designed to evaluate sustainable healthcare facilities. This study has been started in order to provide basic information for developing assessment criteria for healthcare facilities in Korean Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design. Methods: In this study, we investigated three foreign green building certifications and compared their assessment system and criteria for healthcare buildings. Results: Each of the three foreign certification standards showed the difference in the system, but all contained the contents specific to healthcare facilities. Evaluation items were affected by regional cultural environment and also medical environment. Patient safety and integrative planning were the most important assessment contents. Implications: Based on this analysis, Korean Green Standard for Energy & Environmental Design for healthcare facilities will be developed.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.177-189
• /
• 1992

This paper aims at developing a finite element program to predict undrained behavior of granular soil by using elasto-plastic constitutive model. A computer program developed by authors based on Christian's techniques for undrained behaviour of the soil has been employed coupled with Lade's single work-hardening model. Modification of the program for drained behaviour, considering restraint of volumetric strain, makes it possible to analize the underained behaviour. To validate the newly developed program, comparison of results was performed between numerical values and experimental data for Baekma river sand as well as Sacrmento river sand studied by Seed and Lee. The program is evaluated to have high accuracy.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.64-72
• /
• 1989

Near full length cDNA clones encoding the rice seed storage protein, prolamine, were isolated and divided into two homology classes based on cross-hybridization and DNA sequencing analysis. These cDNA clones contain a single open reading frame encoding a putative rice prolamine precursor(M.W.=17,200) possessing atypical 14 amino acid signal peptide. Clones of these two homology classes diverge mainly by insertions/deletions of short nucleotide stretches and point mutations. The deduced primary structures of both types of prolamine polypeptides are devoid of any major tandem repetitive sequences, a feature prevalent in other cereal prolamines. No significant homology teas detected between the rice prolamine and other cereal prolamines, indicating that the rice gene evolved from a different ancestor that gave rise to other cereal prolamine genes. Developing wheat and rice endosperms were examined using ultrathin sections prepared from tissues harvested at various days after flowering. By immunocytochemical localization techniques, wheat prolamines are localized within vesicles from Golgi apparatus and in homogeneous regions of protein bodies. The involvement of the goli apparatus in the packaging of wheat prolamines into protein bodies indicates a pathway which differs from the mode of other cereal prolamines and resembles the mechanism employed for the storage of rice glutelin and legume globulins.