• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.440-445
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• 2001

Pesticide waste and chemical stockpiles are posing a potential threat to both Vie environment and human health. There is currently a great effort toward developing effective and economical methods for the detoxification of these toxic organophosphates. In terms of safety and economy, enzymatic biodegradation has been recommended as the most promising tool to detoxify these toxic materials. To develop an enzymatic degradation method to detoxify such toxic organophosphorus compounds, a gene encoding organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA) from genomic DNA of Alteromonas haloplanktis C was subcloned and expressed. The enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 48 kDa. It demonstrates strong hydrolyzing activity on sarin, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Moreover, its high activity is sustained for a considerable length of time. It is projected that the recombinant OPAA can be applied as an enzymatic tool that can be used not only for the detoxification of pesticide wastes, but also for the demilitarization of chemical stockpiles.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.61-68
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• 2011

Through analyzing the frequencies of medicinal herb combinations in the prescriptions of "Wenbingtiaobian(溫病條辨)", we could understand the characteristics of prescription composition and author's medical thoughts. So we conducted this study that analyze combination of 258 medicinal herbs in 206 prescriptions, and found meaningful combinations of 700. Among these, the most meaningful combinations are the two of 8 herbs. One consists of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Platycodon grandiflorum, Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Sojae Semen Praeparatum, Mentha piperascens (Malinv.) Holmes, Forsythia suspensa, Phyllostachys nigra var henonis, Schizonepeta tenuifolia var. japonic, the other consists of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer, Platycodon grandiflorum, Lonicera japonica Thunberg, Mentha piperascens (Malinv.) Holmes, Forsythia suspensa, Arctium lappa, Phyllostachys nigra var henonis, Schizonepeta tenuifolia var. japonica. The former is Yeonkyo-san without Arctium lapp, the letter is Yeonkyo-san without Sojae Semen Praeparatum. It means these combinations are kind of modified Yeonkyo-san which is effective in outthrustting through the exterior with pungent-cool and clearing heat and detoxify. In conclusion, prescriptions of "Wenbingtiaobian(溫病條辨)" involve herbs mostly used to outthrust through the exterior with pungent-cool and clear heat and detoxify. Through this study, we know the author' s one of medical view points on outthrustting through the exterior with pungent-cool and clearing heat and detoxify.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.22-22
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• 2018

Based on medicinal plant references from Vietnam, 1884 flowering plant species (194 families, 956 genera) can be used to treat 30 diseases or have 4 valuable uses such as Tranquillizer, Detoxify, Galactopoietic and Diuretic. 23 species (15 families, 18 genera) for Tranquillizer, 94 species (50 families, 79 genera) for Vaginitis, 18 species (13 families, 15 genera) for Paralytic, 6 species (6 families, 6 genera) for Obese, 60 species (28 families, 50 genera) for Flu, 63 species (37 families, 56 genera) for Eyesore, 96 species (45 families, 77 genera) for Toothache, 97 species, (50 families, 86 genera) for Detoxify, 18 species (18 families, 18 genera) for Syphilis, 80 species (50 families, 71 genera) for Asthma, 17 species (8 families, 11 genera) for HIV AIDS, 56 species (41 families, 54 genera) for Gonorrhoea, 378 species (108 families, 56 genera) for Dysentery, 31 species (22 families, 29 genera) for Galactopoietic, 131 species (69 families, 116 genera) for Diuretic, 11 species (9 families, 9 genera) for Mump, 737 species (129 families, 626 genera) for "Snack bite", 23 species (18 families, 22 genera) for Urolithiasis, 134 species (56 families, 122 genera) for Malaria, 462 species (113 families, 323 genera) for Rheumatism, 55 species (34 families, 49 genera) for Diabetes, 87 species (42 families, 70 genera) for Heart and blood pressure diseases, 70 species (46 families, 63 genera) for Haemorrhoids, 21 species (16 families, 20 genera) for Cancer, 42 species (27 families, 38 genera) for Gastritis, 154 species (66 families, 129 genera) for Hepatitis, 5 species (5 families, 5 genera) for Keratitis, 81 species (42 families, 75 genera) for Sore throat, 11 families (9 families, 11 genera) for Encephalitis, 72 species (41 families, 66 genera) for Nephritis, 10 species (6 families, 8 genera) for Sinusitis, 22 species (17 families, 20 genera) for Sterile, 19 species (14 families, 17 genera) for Cirrhosis, 3 species (3 families, 3 genera) for Brain hemorrhage. Each species can be used to treat some diseases. The information of species can be used to orient researches fast and effectively.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.234-241
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• 2011

Purpose: One of the most frequent complications related to dental implants is peri-implantitis, and the characteristics of implant surfaces are closely related to the progression and resolution of inflammation. Therefore, a technical modality that can effectively detoxify the implant surface without modification to the surface is needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of erbium-doped: yttrium, aluminium and garnet (Er:YAG) laser irradiation on the microstructural changes in double acid-etched implant surfaces according to the laser energy and the application duration. Methods: The implant surface was irradiated using an Er:YAG laser with different application energy levels (100 mJ/pulse, 140 mJ/pulse, and 180 mJ/pulse) and time periods (1 minute, 1.5 minutes, and 2 minutes). We then examined the change in surface roughness value and microstructure. Results: In a scanning electron microscopy evaluation, the double acid-etched implant surface was not altered by Er:YAG laser irradiation under the condition of 100 mJ/pulse at 10 Hz for any of the irradiation times. However, we investigated the reduced sharpness of the specific ridge microstructure that resulted under the 140 mJ/pulse and 180 mJ/pulse conditions. The reduction in sharpness became more severe as laser energy and application duration increased. In the roughness measurement, the double acid-etched implants showed a low roughness value on the valley area before the laser irradiation. Under all experimental conditions, Er:YAG laser irradiation led to a minor decrease in surface roughness, which was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The recommended application settings for Er:YAG laser irradiation on double acid-etched implant surface is less than a 100 mJ/pulse at 10 Hz, and for less than two minutes in order to detoxify the implant surface without causing surface modification.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 1999

Bioremediation is the technology to harness nature's biodegradative capabilities to remove or detoxify pollutions that threaten public health as environmental contaminants. Composting may become one of major bioremediation technologies for treating soils contaminated with petroleum if the fate of contaminants during composting is better understood Most composting research of petroleum was primarily focused on removing contaminant by optimizing composting conditions. Accordingly, laboratory feasibility studies may be useful to establish a realistic basis in co-composting complex substrate such as petroleum hydrocarbons. The purpose of this study was to assess the optimal conditions of kerosene biodegradation following supplementation with nutrient amendments under simulated composting conditions. Although it increased the growth of bacterial consortium, addition of co-substrates 0.5%(w/v) such as acetic acid, citric acid, glucose, and malic acid was not beneficial. Combination of nitrogen and phosphorous source enhanced kerosene biodegradation and reduced VOC evolution. These results showed that kerosene was able to utilize in bioremediation technology.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 1994

Of the 200, 000 known species of molds, only 50 or 60 are known to be harmful to humans or livestock. Certain fungi that grow on grains and grasses can produce chemical substances called mycotoxins that adversely affect performance in poultry. There are several methods of preserving feed ingredients. The list includes: drying, antioxidants, mold inhibitors, organic acids, phosphates, cooking or toasting, fat extraction, blending and fermenting. Mold inhibitors are manufactured to inhibit mold growth and prevent the production of toxic substances. They are fungistats and not fungicides, that is, they only stop the growth of molds. Practical and cost-effective methods to detoxify mycotoxin containing feedstuffs are in great demand. 0.5% hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate added to the diet protected chicks from the deleterious effects of aflatoxin-contaminated feed. The dietary addition of antioxidants and methionine also significantly diminished the negative effects on body weight in chicks toxicated with 3.0 ppm aflatoxin B1.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.217-221
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• 2015

Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans encounters a variety of host defense factors produced in oral cavity. Nitric oxide (NO) and NO-mediated reactive nitrogen species are potential antimicrobials of innate immunity that can threaten the fitness of S. mutans in their ecological niches. Streptococcal strategies to detoxify cytotoxic NO, which allow S. mutans to persist in caries or other environments of the oral cavity, remain unknown. In this study, we directly measured NO consumption rates of S. mutans isolated in Korea. Surprisingly, all S. mutans strains were unable to consume exogenous NO efficiently, while an intracellular parasite Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium expressing the NO-metabolizing enzyme flavohemoglobin consumed most of the NO. This result suggested that S. mutans has alternative detoxification systems for tolerating NO-induced nitrosative stresses.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.351-361
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• 1988

The herbicide, paraquat, has caused numerous poisonings in man and farm animals since its interoduction. Althought the lungs are the primary sites of toxicological effect, other organs are also damaged, such as liver, heart, and kidney. The biochemical mechanisms responsible for the toxicity of the herbicide are not clearly understood. The purpose of the present study was to determine the hepatotoxity of paraquat in rats and the effects of glycyrrhizin on the paraquat toxicity. The experimental results are the followings. 1. The values of serum AST, ALT, LDH, ALP, glucose, and cholesterol were significantly increased in the paraquat administered group. 2. The TBA values in serum and liver were also increased in the treated group. 3. The biochemical parameters of serum, such as AST, ALT, LDH and TBA values, were significantly low in the paraquat plus glycyrrhizin group in comparison with that of the paraquat only. The above results suggest that the glycyrrhizin, somehow, detoxify the hepa to toxicity of paraquat in the experimenta-animals.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2001

To examine effects of cadmium on the respiratory burst of kidney phagocytes and antioxidant defense in liver, juvenile red seabream Pagrus major were fed a cadmium-incorporated diet $(1g\;CdC1_2/kg\;diet)$. The respiratory burst activity measured by chemiluminescence (CL) was significantly reduced by oral intake of cadmium. Lipid peroxidation in liver expressed as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) was significantly higher in the fish fed a cadmium-incorporated diet than that of the fish fed a control diet both on Day 3 and Day 9. Liver Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activitiy was significantly increased both on Day 3 and Day 9 by feeding a cadmium-incorporated diet, when compared with the controls. From the present results, it can be concluded that oral intake of cadmium in red seabream is associated with marked reduction of respiratory burst capacity of kidney phagocytes which can elevate susceptibility of fish against infecting pathogens. Cadmium administration also elicits significant increment of lipid peroxidation in liver, and fish try to detoxify cadmium by increasing GST activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.467-480
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• 1999

Many antinutritional and toxic factors abound in tropical seeds, which are also generally rich in nutrients and therefore more prone to attack from herbivores. Antinutritional and toxic factors are considered to defend seeds against environmental vagaries and thus help to protect them. These factors though good for the plant, cause deleterious effects or are even toxic to animals and man. The conventional seeds cultivated for oil or non-oil purposes, and general aspects of antinutritional factors are not presented here as these have already been discussed widely by many workers. Deficits in conventional protein and energy sources in the tropics have stimulated a quest for alternative feeds both for animals and humans. This article attempts to highlight two new oilseed crops, Jatropha curcas and Moringa oleifera, and in addition deals with some under-utilized seeds with potential as animal feed. Most of these seed plants are adapted to various marginal growing conditions in the tropics and can help to mitigate the prevailing deficit in protein and energy sources. Antinutritional and toxic factors in seed or seed meal, various approaches to detoxify seed meal, and future research and development priorities for their exploitation as animal feeds are presented.