• 환경영향평가
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.93-102
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• 1997

Acid rain below pH 5.6 is responsible for 40% of annual precipitation in Korea and it is more serious especially in major cites. Because of that, it is urgent to make measures to reduce the emission of $SO_2$, one of the major air pollutants causing acid rain. The national total emission of $SO_2$ in 1994 was estimated as 1.6 million tons. The $SO_2$ emission in 2020, is expected to increase up to 3.2 million tons, about 2 times that of 1994 under Business-As-Usual scenario. We could take various $SO_2$ reduction measures such as installing desulfurization facilities, the supply of low-sulfur oil and clean fuel(LNG), energy savings, upgrading of production process. However, it is necessary to check the economic feasibility and the attainability to reduction target with a dynamic optimization mode, "Global 2100 Model". The cost-benefit analyses for the measures using the revised "Global 2100 Model" clearly revealed that the desulfurization facilities should be introduced to reduce the $SO_2$ concentration to 0.01 ppm with fuel substitution. If the introduction of desulfurization facilities is delayed, We can not attain the goal of Ministry of Environment before the year of 2012, even in the case that almost all the fuels would be substituted with LNG.

• 한국입자에어로졸학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of dry-type desulfurization process for actual application to coal-fired power plant. We used actual exhaust gas from Facility Y, Plant #2 to fabricate a demo-scale testing device to attempt to improve the efficiency of desulfurization. A spout-bed circulating dry scrubber convergence system connecting turbo reactor with bag filter was devised, then analyzed for performance characteristics of $SO_2$ removal for Ca/S mole ratio, superficial gas velocity, and ammonia injection, and for secondary reaction characteristics of the non-reactive sorbent at the bag filter. As a result, the installation of spout-bed circulating dry scrubber convergence system showed better economy and efficiency for removing sulfur than the existing wet/semidry-type desulfurization process. In addition, the best efficiency for desulfurization occurred when connected to the bag filter, with differential pressure maintained at 150 $mmH_2O$.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.777-782
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• 2013

In order to further reduce the sulfur content in liquid hydrocarbon fuels, a desulfurization process by adsorption for removing dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and propylmercaptan (PM) was investigated. Bentonite adsorbents modified by $CuCl_2$ for the desulfurization of model oil was investigated. The results indicated that the modified bentonite adsorbents were effective for adsorption of DMS and PM. The bentonite adsorbents were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis (TGA). The acidity was measured by FT-IR spectroscopy. Several factors that influence the desulfurization capability, including loading and calcination temperature, were studied. The maximum sulfur adsorption capacity was obtained at a Cu(II) loading of 15 wt %, and the optimum calcination temperature was $150^{\circ}C$. Spectral shifts of the ${\nu}$(C-S) and ${\nu}$(Cu-S) vibrations of the complex compound obtained by the reaction of $CuCl_2$ and DMS were measured with the Raman spectrum. On the basis of complex adsorption reaction and hybrid orbital theory, the adsorption on modified bentonite occurred via multilayer intermolecular forces and S-M (${\sigma}$) bonds.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권9호
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• pp.1073-1078
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• 2013

This paper presents the results of the electrochemical treatment of chemical oxygen demand(COD) and total nitrogen(T-N) compounds in the wastewater generated from flue gas desulfurization process by using a lab-scale electrolyzer. With the increase in the applied current from 0.6 Ah/L to 1.2 Ah/L, the COD removal efficiency rapidly increases from 74.5% to 96%, and the T-N removal efficiency slightly increases from 37.2% to 44.9%. Therefore, it is expected that an electrochemical treatment technique will be able to decrease the amount of chemicals used for reducing the COD and T-N in wastewater of the desulfurization process compared to the conventional chemical treatment technique.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2017

Wastewater treatment using ferrate (VI) solution is becoming a promising technology for several years, because it is high efficient and harmless technology. In this study, the ferrate (VI) solution was tested to treatment of desulfurization wastewater. The effluent from desulfurization wastewater treatment process of power plant was used as raw water, and the COD and T-N removal efficiency of ferrate(VI) solution were investigated. In the test, as the injection rate increased from 0.1 to 1.0%, the removal efficiency of COD also slightly increased, about 80% of COD were removed in 1.0% of injection rate. In the case of T-N, about 50% of T-N was removed in the condition of 1.0% of injection rate. The removal efficiency of COD and T-N also affected by reaction time, maximum removal efficiency was shown in 30 min of treatment. From these results, the wastewater treatment with ferrate(VI) solution can be great solutions for treatment of non-biodegradable pollutants in wastewater, especially for the 3rd treatment of wastewater.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.226-231
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• 2012

In this research, the coating behavior of Mg and Fe desulfurization powder fabricated by low energy and conventional planetary mill equipment was investigated as a function of milling time, which produces uniform Fe coated powders due to milling energy. Since high energy ball milling results in breaking the Fe coated Mg powders into coarse particles, low energy ball milling was considered appropriate for this study, and can be implemented in desulfurization industry widely. XRD and FE-SEM analyses were carried out to investigate the microstructure and distribution of the coating material. The thickness of the Fe coating layer reaches a maximum of 14 ${\mu}m$ at 20 milling hours. The BCC structures of Fe particles are deformed due to the slip system of Fe coated Mg particles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2013

A new heteropolyanion-based ionic ($[Hmim]_5PMo_{10}V_2O_{40}$) was synthesized by the reaction of molybdovanadophosphoric acid ($H_5PMo_{10}O_{40}$) with N-methylimidazole. [$[Hmim]_5PMo_{10}V_2O_{40}$ showed a high catalytic activity in the oxidative desulfurization of sulfur-containing compounds in 1-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ($[Hmim]BF_4$) ionic liquid using 30% aqueous $H_2O_2$ as the oxidant. The catalytic system was of high activity, simplified workup and flexible recyclability. The catalytic oxidation reactivity of sulfur-containing compounds decreased in the order dibenzothiophene (DBT) > 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (4,6-DMDBT) > benzothiophene (BT). The influences of various parameters including reaction time (t) and temperature (T), catalyst dosage, and oxidant to sulfur molar ratio n(O)/n(S) on the desulfurization of model oil were investigated in details. 99.1% of DBT conversion in the model oil was achieved at atmospheric pressure under the optimal conditions: n(O)/n(S) = 4:1, $60^{\circ}C$, 100 min and molar ratio of catalyst to sulfur of 0.062. The ionic liquid can be recycled six times without significant decrease in activity.

• 청정기술
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.96-105
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• 1997

본 연구는 유,무연탄 혼합 유동층 석탄연소로에서 폐제지슬러지를 탈황제로 사용하였을 경우 석회석 입자크기, 주입공기 유속, Ca/S 몰비, 무연탄비, 층온도 등에 따른 $SO_2$ 제거 효율에 관해 연구하였으며, 실험결과는 다음과 같다. 폐제지슬러지의 입자크기는 탈황율에 매우 큰 영항을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 입자크기 $1016{\mu}m$ 일 때 가장 높은 탈황율을 보였고, 주입되는 공기의 유속변화에 따른 탈황율에는 큰 차이가 없었다. Ca/S 몰비가 증가할수록 탈황율도 증가하였으며, Ca/S 몰비 3까지는 급격히 탈황율이 증가하였으나 3이상에서는 큰 차이가 없었으므로 Ca/S 몰비는 3이 적절한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 층온도는 탈황율에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타나 $800^{\circ}C$에서 가장 높은 탈황율을 보였으며, 무연탄비가 증가할수록 탈황율이 약간 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 유,무연탄 혼합연소시 폐제지슬러지는 매우 높은 탈황율을 보여 탈황제로서의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제7권6호
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• pp.1115-1124
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• 1996

MCL(Molten Caustic Leaching) 처리는 알카리에 의해 황성분 및 회분을 제거할 수 있도록 유용하게 개발된 화학적 정제공정이며, Si, Fe, V, Ni 등과 같은 무기물을 수용성염으로 전환을 시켜 제거한다. 그리고 MCL은 다른 탈황 공정보다도 탄소손실을 최소로할 수 있는 장점이 있다. 본 연구에서 황성분 및 회분제거에 대한 반응변수로는 침출온도, 침출시간, NaOH/cokes 비율, 산세정 농도와 세정 시간 그리고 입자크기 등이었다. 최적의 조건에서 MCL 처리를 한 결과 황성분과 회분은 각각 99%와 90%가 제거되었으며, 이때 FT-IR과 SEM의 결과에서 petroleum cokes 입자의 구조 및 표면변화는 침출온도 및 황성분과 회분의 제거율에 밀접한 관계를 나타내었다.

• 청정기술
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.229-234
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• 2015

현재 국내에서 수소 관련 연구에 대한 관심이 매우 크나 수소원으로 사용하는 디젤 등 연료 내 존재하는 황 화합물을 제거하는 흡착 시스템 개발 관련 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수치해석을 통해 연료전지용 디젤 흡착 탈황반응기에 대한 기초 디자인 연구를 수행하였다. 유량에 따른 반응기 내부의 유동 변화와 출구에서의 황 화합물의 농도를 반응기의 지름 및 길이를 변화시켜가며 해석하여, 출구에서의 황 화합물의 기준 농도 (1 ppm)를 맞추기 위한 탈황 촉매의 성능을 예측하였으며 반응기의 길이 증가가 지름 증가보다 효율적임을 확인하였다. 또한, 충전된 탈황 촉매의 투과율에 따른 내부 유동 및 농도 변화를 살펴보았다. 본 연구 결과는 선박 연료전지용 디젤의 흡착 탈황 반응기 디자인 기초 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. 또한, 연료전지뿐 아니라 일반적으로 정유사에서 생산되는 디젤유의 황 함유량을 감소시키는 저황 시스템 디자인에 활용할 수 있으며 이러한 의미에서 석유화학 산업의 청정화 기술 확보에 이바지할 것으로 기대된다.