• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.15-28
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the trends of resourcefulness researche studies for suggesting the future direction of study. Study design, types of subjects, measurement tools, study concept, and outcome were examined by reviewing 61 research studies published from 1980 to 1999. The results were as follows: 1. There were 24 works in the 1980s and 37 works in 1990, according to the published year of resourcefulness study. Nonexperimental studies like descriptive study, correlational study and comparative study were more frequent than experimental studies. 2. Research studies that consisted of 30- 100 subjects were the most numerous with 27 studies in all. The majority of study subjects was shown as healthy students and depressive patients. 3. Most studies used Rosenbaum's Self Control Schedule(SCS) for assessing resourcefulness. Reliabilities of resourcefulness researches were cronbach ${\alpha}=.70$ or more. According to statisitical tests done for internal validity, SCS was negatively correlated to maladaptation. Factor analysis revealed that the most parsimonious structure was 3 to 6 factors. The total communality variance in the SCS was about 40 %. Other tools used with the SCS were about coping, depression, satisfaction of life and symptoms, self management and health promotion. 4. In correlational studies, concepts like depression, anxiety, and psychological symptoms were related to resourcefulness negatively. Adaptive functioning, life satisfaction and self achievement had positive correlations to resourcefulness. 5. Studies on comparison between a healthy person and depressive patient or smoker and non-smoker were done. There were coping, depression, symptom, self efficacy, health problem and self-control as comparative concepts. 6. Study subjects consisted of depressive patients in 9 of 18 experimental studies. The majority of studies were done with cognitive-behavioral therapy as an experimental intervention. The most effective treatment was revealed in high resourcefulness group. Since the above findings, resourcefulness research increased since 1980 and mostly non-experimental design for quantitative study were done. In the field of nursing, research about resourcefulness was in an initial stage. It is expected that further research needed to be done. Recommendations on the basis of the present research suggest that it is necessary to replicate studies, develop nursing intervention enhancing resourcefulness and apply it to patients with chronic diseases including cancer.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.297-315
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• 1992

Caring has been identified as the essence and unifying domin of nursing(Leininger). Many nurses believe that the art of nursing is comprised of actions that are predominantly caring in nature. Although caring has been the traditional ideology of nurses, it is only now beginning to emerge as the central construct for the development of nut sing research, theory and practice. The problem addressed by this study was to identify how hospitalized children and their nurses express the meaning of caring, how they think nurses should care for children and to describe their experiences of being cared for. The purpose was to provide theoretical understanding of caring as perceived in Korea to contribute to the development of Korean nursing knowledge. The subjects were 76 hospitalized children admitted to pediatric units in five teaching hospitals and 66 nurses who were caring for these children. In this descriptive study, data were collected from Nov 11, 1991 to Jan 30, 1992 by interviews and an open-ended questionnaire and analysed by van Kaam's method. Caring themes perceived by the children and their nurses were classified into eight categories, -helping, comfort, love, warmth(only by children), recovery from illness, health maintenance (only by nurses), presence, nurturance and responsibility. Ideal caring behaviors perceived by the children and their nurses were six categories, -to give help, provide comfort, give love, stay with, treat warmly and aid recovery. Subcategories of giving help were promptness and competence, detailed explanations and support and encouragement. Other subcategories of giving help reported only by nurses were individualizing care, recognizing needs and providing a familiar enviornment. Subcategories of maintaining comfort were making comfortable, alleviating pain ; one subcategory reported only by children was consolating. A subcategory of giving love was concern, two subcategories reported only by nurses were compassion and respect. Subcategories of staying with were playing with and touching : only nurses reported empathy, Subcategories of treating warmly were tenderness and kindness. In the experience of caring, there were 4 categories, -to give help, stay with, show concern and provide comfort. Both the hospitalized children and their nurses had experienced caring primarily from their mothers. Mothers' caring behaviors were direct, personal, basic, supportive nursing acts. On the other hand, nurses caring behaviors were task oriented skilled procedures and medically delegated acts. This study contributes understanding of the complexity of caring, more specifically the meaning and experience of caring and ideal caring behaviors. Research may be able to move into verification when instruments are developed to measure the complexity of caring beliefs, values and behaviors in Korea and other cultural settings.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.21
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• pp.19-33
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• 2009

This study attempted to investigate the effect of class satisfaction of the students majoring in the studies of security services on the efficacy of career decision. To do this, I chose 430 security services of the students majoring by the systematic stratified cluster random sampling as the subject of study. All data were analyzed the causal relationship of the collected equation. In order to do a data analysis used descriptive statistics analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple regression analysis of SPSS. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn: First, it was found that there was not a statistically significant(learning factor, interpersonal relation, aptitude factor) difference in their major class satisfaction and career decision efficacy(goal choice, future plan, working information) according to gender. Second, it was found that there was a statistically signifiant difference in such factors as learning, interpersonal relations and aptitude, in relation to the difference in subfactor such as major class satisfaction and career decision efficacy. Third, it was found that the learning, aptitude and career factors of major class satisfaction had a statistically significant effect on the future plan. Fourth, it was found that he learning and career factors of major class satisfaction had a statistically significant effect on the resolution of the goal. Fifth, it was found that the aptitude and career factors of major class satisfaction had a statistically significant effect on job information. Sixth, it was found that the career factors of major class satisfaction had a statistically significant effect on the problem-solution. Therefore, we must first give priority to improve the class satisfaction. By doing this, we can raise the efficacy level of career decision.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.24
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• pp.139-169
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• 1993

The major purpose of this study is to scrutinize and analyze various factors in numerous aspects of two different library systems for the visually handicapped, namely braille library and a special section for the visually handicapped in the public library system. The analyses may provide theoretical and conceptual framework on which strategies to enhance services for the visually handicapped is to be developed. More specifically, this study seeks (1) to examine a linkage between the degree of maintenance of staffs, collections, and equipment and the level of satisfactions of librarians and (2) to come up with more effective mechanisms of welfare services for the visually handicapped in each library system. This research is qualitative-descriptive and uses interview method. Fourteen libraries throughout the nation (4 public libraries with a reading room for the visually handicapped and 8 braille libraries) which had been in operation more than one year were selected as subjects for the research. Findings and results of the analyses are summarized as follows : 1. There seems to be general consensus that each of public and braille library has significant but, to a certain extent, different roles to play in order to enhance library services for the visually handicapped. Recruitment of qualified librarians, increase of the volume of collection, and enlargement of reading room space are noted as immediate concerns for the former. For the latter, it was suggested that increase of the number of staff for publishing, securing more equipments for pulication in braille, and wider scope as well as more variety of publications are the pressing problems at hand. 2. Both public and braille library employ one librarian for the visually handicapped who is required to have educational background in library science and special education. In addition, one must have competence in reading braille types. 3. Majority of reading rooms in those libraries is so small in physical aspect that size and number of seats are 66m2 and 15 seats respectively because circulation services are mainly in use due to the problem of inaccessibility which is commonly suffered by the visually handicapped. 4. Library services for the visually handicapped are heavily concentrated upon the large urban area. In fact, most of braille libraries are located in Seoul whereas a reading room for the visually handicapped in the public library system are exclusively placed in the large cities such as Inchon, Taejon, and Taegu. 5. All of the public library is neither equipped with necessary facilities to publish in braille nor secured supporting instruments which may facilitate library use for the visually handicapped. On the contrary, most of braille libraries are equipped with arrangements to publish in braille despite supporting devices are gererally lacking. 6. Consequently, provision of services In the public library is largely confined to reading and circulation of materials purchased from braille libraries while major task of braille libraries centers around publication and distributions of the reading materials in braille.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of being from low-income families on children's behavior problems and obesity. Methods: The research design was a descriptive survey study, and the participants were 197 children from low-income families who took part in activities at a local children's center. They were selected through convenience sampling. The participants completed a questionnaire, BASC-2 (Behavior Assessment System for Children). Results: The results are as follows: 22.3% had obesity, a rate higher than that of children in general. Further, 37.3% had attention deficit problems, 33.8% had problems adapting to school and 49% had other adaption problem. There was a gender-specific difference with respect to all of the behavior problems. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate a lack of an identified child policy for behavior problems and health, and suggest a need for various programs and policies which could lead to development of behavior screening programs for children from low-income families.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.37-57
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• 1998

In recent, Korea introduced the local self-government system. And the local government tried to establish and implement plans for women. Those plans were established on the basis of not the particular environments of regional societies but similar policies of central government. Despite of geographical migrations, we can find differences of population structure and economic status among regions. As the result, most of regional policies for women were ineffective. This paper examines population structure and economic status of women by regions and recommends the long and medium direction for local policies for women. For analysis, it utilizes the 2% sample data-set of National Statistical Office's '1995 Population and Housing Census' in Korea. The findings of this paper are summarized as following; Firstly, the dependency rate of Chungchong-do, Cholla-do, Kyongsangnam-do will reach about 45% in 2000. Therefore, as soon as possible, those local government should establish the labor policies to enhance the economically active participation rate of the elderly persons and welfare policy for them. Secondly, the level of women's economic participation. Thus, local governments should set up labor market policies for women according to regional situations. For examples, in Kyonggi-do, Seoul, Daejeon, Daeku which unemployment rate of the highly educated women are relatively high, those local governments should seek the measures to tackle unemployment problem of them. Thirdly, due to the differences regional economic structure, women's employment structures differed also by region. Hence, local governments should formulate suitable plans to consider the working status of regional women's workers.

• Journal of National Security and Military Science
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• s.5
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• pp.241-280
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• 2007

This study examines the relationship of the industry-specific factors that effect innovation of manufacturing technology and the market share within the defense industry. Since the establishment of the basic defense industry framework in 1973, there were numerous interactions of the industry-specific factors of the defense industry structure with the technological innovation and market organization of the defense industry. During last three decades, the domestic defense industry has achieved the considerable level but the framework of the basic system has not developed much in areas of the military science and the defense manufacturing technology. Industry-specific factors were formed in the process and appeared in a variety of behavioral characteristics as subsystems. Currently, there IS a growing trend where the management of defense industry is gradually deteriorating due to limitation of the domestic industry-specific factor (e.g. defense technologies, amount of demand, etc.). If there is a prominent imbalance of the industry-specific factors. it can trigger the potential problem of conflict, lack of cooperation and control, slowing the growth of the manufacturing technology thereby diminishing the market and deteriorating the defense supply/demand relationship. In a research conducted by Joe S. Bain, Bain analyzed the relationship of the traditional industrial organization where industry-specific factor(S) not only impacts the conductor(C). And, conductor(C) influences the shaping of the performance(P) of relationship of the traditional industrial organization. Consequently, the researcher has identified the demand monopoly, barriers to entry, and market competition with comparison of defense industry issues. These defense issues were three industry-specific factors identified, which are 1) The demand monopoly and The entry barriers to new market competition, 2) the industrial technical factor to a production technical competitiveness and a market sharing competitiveness, 3) the probability factor to revolution for military affairs(RMA) and a R&D production. According to baseline with these factors, the following research model is established from the special companies group(Group A), the systematization companies group(Group B), and the general companies group(Group 0. The hypothesis is that if there are more industry-specific factors, then there will be more relationships of defense industry relation statutes. This research is an empirical study on the relationship that the industry specific factors effects the innovation of manufacturing technology and the shaping of the market in the defense industry. Moreover, the existing models to evaluate the industry specific factors of the defense industry IS much to be desired with the controlled statistical analysis of the result. It is vital to study on current situation with suggesting alternative strategy to the efficient strategy. The descriptive analysis approach analysis is conducted with SPSSWIN to conduct reliability test, factor analysis, correlation analysis, cross-tabulation analysis, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. However, there were some limitations of the survey such as the rigidity of concept about the technical factors and various market management factors. The wishes is that the decision-maker could be utilized these defence industrial factors to formulate efficient defence policy and strategy in the future.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2001

The aims of this study were to identify the mothers educational needs when they have children who have had open heart surgery in congenital heart disease, to identify the children's characteristics with this problem, and also to provide the basic information on the development of the educational program for the mothers. The subjects of the study were 101 mothers of children and their children hospitalized with congenital heart disease in pediatric wards of G. University Hospital in Inchon and S. Hospital in Puch on from June to November 2000. The study used a Likert-type questionnaire with 39 questions which was based on a previous questionnaire developed by Lee Mi-ryun(1989) for adult open heart surgery patients. The reliability of the questionnaire was Cronbach' ${\alpha}$=.9375. The data were collected directly from mothers of the patients in wards. The t-test, ANOVA was adopted for the data analysis. The key results of the study are as follows : 1) The average age of the children was 32.90 months. The majority of the children are male and weighted 3.0-3.5Kg at birth. Most of the children had VSD(29.7%), and 10.9% of children had a family history of heart disease. 2) An average score of 4.62 out of a maximum of 5.00 was recorded for the educational needs of the children's mother. The highest score of 4.69 was for home care after discharge followed by a score of 4.67 for diagnosis and prognosis on congenital heart disease. And pre-post operation care scored 4.51. The mean scores of single-question items of educational need were, in order, 4.81 for immunization after operation, 4.80 for recovery process, and 4.77 for prognosis of the disease. The score of 4.18 for measurement of intake and output was the lowest. 3) The analysis on the children's mothers educational needs by social-demographic characteristics such as sex, age of patient and mother, economical status, educational status, number of child, hospitalization times, and hospitalization cause showed no significant difference statistically, but there was a significant difference between mothers with jobs and with out jobs.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.257-271
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• 2007

This study examined students' satisfaction with cyber education focused on the sections of consumer education in the University. The sample of this study was 94 students taking a 'Consumer Policy & Education' cyber course. The data were collected using structured questionnaires and analysed by descriptive statistics, frequency, percent, mean, SD, t-test and one-way ANOVA with Duncan test. The results of this study were as follows: First, the reason students took a cyber course was that it was easy to manage the course under "self-control". Second, they studied an average 1-2 hours for a one unit lecture at home on weekdays between 9 p.m. and midnight. Third, the students' satisfaction with cyber education showed a slight preference for the web based environment as opposed to the online lessons. Fourth, the biggest problem with taking a cyber course was that the students found it difficult to concentrate well on the lecture.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2002

This study was conducted to obtain a basic information related to a more systematic safety education and measures against children's accidents by a descriptive survey with regard to accidents actually experienced by elementary schoolers, their perceived safety education activities and school facilities to their safety lives. The data was collected among 1,654 pupils, belonging to the 5th and 6th grades in Pusan from Nov. 20 to Dec. 1, 2000. The data was analyzed using SPSSWIN(7.5). The results were as follows ; 1. According to the perception by elementary schoolers, they received safety life instruction at school in most cases from teachers in charge of their own class (41.0％). Such safety education was provided often during formal classes(24.4％). Traffic guidance was given by parents, highest in frequency(67.3％). 2. Matters as most often treated during safety life instruction were safety knowledge or dangerous things(37.5％). A majority of notices of school safety instruction were presented sometimes(48.4％). Source of knowledge about safety lives included teacher (35.3％), parents(32.9％), TV and newspaper (29.9％). As a source of knowledge of emergency treatment, school nurses were accounted for 41.3％ that was highest. 3.Among the 1,654 students, 91.8％ experienced at least more than one case of safety accident. The most frequent type and cause of safety accident were wound(33.7％). and self-carelessness(38.4％) respectively. In most cases, the subject experienced such accident during a break time(32.2％) and at a playgrounds. Part of body as most often damaged by accidents were arms and legs, 25.4％ higher than any other sides problem solving measures against the accident were taken by school nurse in most cases, 44.8％ in percentage point. 4. Those students' perceived safety management of school facilities showed that they considered classroom facilities as most safe (61.6％), while playground facilities as least safe(42.8％). They also responded that the treatment of glass fragments or stones at playground is the most important item of safety management.