• 한국BIM학회 논문집
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2017

It only takes one failed project to wipe out an entire year's profit, when the projects are not managed efficiently. Additionally, escalating costs of materials and a competitive local construction market make subcontractors a challenge. Subcontractors have finite resources that should be allocated simultaneously across many projects in a dynamic manner. Significant scheduling problems are posed by concurrent multi-projects with limited resources. The objective of this thesis is to identify the effect of productivity changes on the total cost resulting from shifting crews across projects using a descriptive model. To effectively achieve the objective, this study has developed a descriptive cost model for a subcontractor with multi-resources and multi-projects. The model was designed for a subcontractor to use as a decision-making tool for resources allocation and scheduling. The model identified several factors affecting productivity. Moreover, when the model was tested using hypothetical data, it produced some effective combinations of resource allocation with associated total costs. Furthermore, a subcontractor minimizes total costs by balancing overtime costs, tardiness penalties, and incentive bonus, while satisfying available processing time constraints.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

A criticism model for dress was developed to offer a methodological insight into research on aesthetics of dress. Concepts from Edmund B. Feldman's art criticism model, James D. Carney's style-relative model of art criticism, and Sung Bok Kim's fashion criticism model were borrowed and integrated to create a criticism model for dress, comprising identification of styles, descriptive features, aesthetic value features, external interpretation, socio-cultural interpretation, and evaluation. Both inductive and deductive approaches for the identification of styles can be made in the process of dress criticism. In the former case, descriptive features and aesthetic features are sequentially identified to locate the styles of dress. In the latter case, styles are identified first, and descriptive features and aesthetic features are identified accordingly. Logical criticisms can be made based on the critics' background knowledge of the history of dress and art.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.644-672
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• 2019

Negative consequences incurred from employees' non-work-related computing (NWRC) have been one of the security-related issues in information intensive organizations. While most studies have focused on the factors that motivate employees to engage in NWRC, this study examines the mediating effect of moral beliefs on the relationship between sanctions and NWRC using a moral beliefs-based model. The research model posits that the formal (i.e., punishment severity and detection certainty) and informal sanctions (subjective norms and descriptive norms) enhance employees' moral beliefs against NWRC intention. From a cross-sectional scenario-based survey involving 176 employees working at banks in Mongolia, our results indicate that moral beliefs fully mediate the relationship between detection certainty/subjective norms and NWRC intention and act as a partial mediator in the relationship between descriptive norms and NWRC. The findings from this study present empirical evidence that both informal and formal sanctions could be an effective deterrent for NWRC intention through employees' moral beliefs.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.78-88
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to construct a structural equation model (SEM) that would describe the binge drinking among Korean undergraduate students. Methods: Model construction was based on the theory of planned behavior and prototype/willingness model, using the variables; intention, attitude, descriptive norm, and prototype perception of binge drinking, alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT), and binge drinking behavior. The analysis of data was done with both SPSS 20.0 for descriptive statistics and AMOS 20.0 for SEM. Results: The binge drinking intention was found to have a significantly direct effect in influencing binge drinking behavior. In addition, attitude, descriptive norm, and prototype perception of binge drinking were found to have a significantly direct effect in influencing binge drinking intention. The final modified model yielded $x^2$=374.2 (p<.001), df=174, $x^2/df$=2.15, GFI=.87, AGFI=.82, NFI=.89, PNFI=.73 RMSEA=.07, and CFI=.94. Conclusion: This study constructed a model that addressed the factors related to binge drinking and described the relationship of these factors in influencing binge drinking among Korean undergraduate students. Findings from this study can contribute to designing appropriate prevention strategies to reduce problem related binge drinking in undergraduate students.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to analyse the risk and uncertainty involved in the capital budgeting which is executed in long periods and requires massive capital expenditure. Under risk and uncertainty conditions, the estimates in the capital budgeting are random variables rather than known constants. Two approaches have emerged in performing economic analysis that explicitly incorporate risk and uncertainty conditions in the analysis. One approach is to develop a descriptive model which describes the economic performance of an individual investment alternative. But no recomendation would be forthcoming from the model. Rather, the decision-maker would be furnished descriptive information concerning each alternative; the final choice among the alternatives would required a separate action. The second approach is to develop a normative model which includes an objective function to be maximized or minimized. The output from the model prescribes the course of action to be taken. Owing to the fact that the normative approach considers the fitness of criteria for decision-making its reasonableness looks better. But it is almost imposible that we correctly and easily derive the individuals' utility function. So within we recognize the limits of the descriptive methods, it is more practicle to analyse the investment alternatives by sensitivity analysis.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제60권5호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2016

The goal of this study was to examine the current status of science teachers’ stage of concern (SOC) and level of use (LoU) on descriptive assessment and determine the relationship between SoC and LoU. To achieve this, concerns-based adoption model (CBAM) was used, and a survey was conducted on 138 science teachers. The data from this study were analyzed by frequency analysis, percentile analysis based on CBAM, χ² test, and Spearman correlation analysis. SoC and LoU of the science teachers observed in this study are as follows. First, the science teachers’ overall SoC for the descriptive assessment was low and showed a typical pattern of the initial stage when the program was introduced. Second, LoU analysis on descriptive assessment showed that the “mechanical Use” (N=49, 35.5%) or “routine” (N=48, 34.8%) accounted for the majority. Third, the Spearman correlation between SoC and LoU on descriptive assessment was .299(p<.01). This suggests that teachers’ SoC needs to be increased in order to promote higher LoU on descriptive assessment, which requires new alternative measures.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2023

This study aims to examine factors influencing the intention to continue using the metaverse, focusing on the impact of social norms. Specifically, direct and indirect effects of technical characteristics (perceive quality, interactivity, perceived playfulness), user characteristics (self-efficacy, personal innovativeness), and social influence factors (descriptive norm, injunctive norm, subjective norm) on continuous use intention were examined. The role of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness as a mediator was also examined. An online survey was conducted with 165 college students attending universities in two large cities in South Korea who had used the metaverse. As a result, perceived playfulness, descriptive norm, and perceived usefulness directly influenced continuous use intention. Perceived playfulness, interactivity, and subjective norm influenced continuous use intention indirectly through perceived usefulness. This study theoretically extends the Technology Acceptance Model by specifying social influence in metaverse contexts. Practical implications are provided in terms of marketing strategy for the metaverse industry to continue to grow and develop.

• 인지과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.115-143
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• 1994

본 논문은 LR 파싱기법을 이용한 확장된 두단계(two-level)형태소분석 모델을 제시한다.LA기법을 이용한 두단계 모델은 효율적 형태소분석 뿐만 아니라 Koskenniemi(1983)의 모델보다 형태론적 현상에 대한 보다 높은 기술성(descriptive adequacy)을 획득한다.이를 위해 두단계 모델은 자질기반의 문맥자유문법(feature-based CF grammar)에 근거한 독립적인 형태/통사모듈에 의해 확장된다.문맥자유문법에 근거한 단어문법(word grammar)을 채택함으로써 확장 모델은 하위사전의 중복현상을 피하면서 비연속적 의존관계(discontinuous dependencies) 를 가지는 복합어 등을 처리할 수 있다.또한 파싱테이블에 명시된 LR 예측은 형태소분석기로 하여금 사전탐색시간을 줄일 수 있도록 도와준다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.17-25
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 투표기법을 이용하여 서술형 주관식 문제에 대한 학습자 답안을 자동으로 채점하는 모델을 제안한다. 제안하는 방법은 모델 구축 비용을 줄이기 위해서, 문제 유형별로 세분화하여 서술형 주관식 답안 자동 채점 모델을 따로 구축하지 않는다. 제안하는 방법은 서술형 주관식 답안 자동 채점에 유용한 자질을 추출하기 위해서, 모범 답안과 학습자 답안을 비교한 결과를 바탕으로 다양한 자질을 추출한다. 제안하는 방법은 답안 채점 결과의 신뢰성을 높이기 위해서, 각 학습자 답안을 여러 기계학습 기반 분류기를 이용하여 채점하고, 각 채점 결과를 투표하여 만장일치로 선택한 채점 결과를 최종 채점 결과로 결정한다. 실험결과 기계학습 기반 분류기 C4.5만 사용한 채점 결과는 정확률이 83.00%인데 반해, 기계학습 기반 분류기 C4.5, ME, SVM에서 만장일치로 선택한 채점 결과는 정확률이 90.57%까지 개선되었다.

• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.93-115
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 ICA EGAD의 RiC-CM 초안을 분석하고 ISAD(G)의 기술요소와 맵핑하였으며, RiC-CM 기반의 기록물군 기술정보를 시범적으로 구축해 보았다. 이는 기록물 기술표준의 변화 경향을 파악하고, 기존의 기술표준과 연계할 때의 고려사항을 도출하기 위한 것이었다. RiC-CM과 ISAD(G)의 맵핑 유형에는 속성 간 맵핑, 속성-개체 맵핑, 속성-관계 맵핑이 있었다. 그리고 기술요소간 맵핑 외에 RiC-CM의 개체와 속성, 관계를 통해 기록레코드를 구축할 수 있는 프레임을 프로테제를 이용하여 구축하고, 예시 데이터를 시범적으로 입력하였다. 그 결과 기존의 기술 정보를 RiC-CM을 통해서도 대부분 표현할 수 있었다. 게다가 RiC-CM에서는 기록 기술 정보가 상세히 구분되어 있고, 개별 개체 간의 관계를 브라우징할 수 있는 특징이 강화되었음을 알 수 있었다.