• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.2 s.109
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• pp.127-133
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• 2005

Precision tillage is designed to till lands variably according to their firmness. Therefore, it is necessary to measure soil firmness in fields and present it in a form with which the variable tillage on be performed. Such forms may be classified into two categories: sensor-based and map-based forms. The map-based approach appears to be inevitable until the technology develops high enough to secure the sensor-based approaches. The first step for map-based precision tillage may be to develop a tillage recommendation map. In this study, a tractor-mountable automatic soil firmness measurement system was developed to construct a cone index map. The system is comprised of three ASAE Standard cone penetrometers and a hydraulic unit for controlling operation of the penetrometers. The system is designed to conduct stop-and-go measurements in fields. The measurements from the three penetrometers are transferred to a microcomputer and the average cone index was calculated. This average cone index was taken as soil firmness of the location where the measurement was made. The cone indices thus determined were used to construct a cone index map using the ArcView software. The system also displays the soil penetration resistance, cone index and soil depth as the cone penetrates into the soil. The field performance of the system was evaluated and the cone index maps at different depths were also presented.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.232-238
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• 2007

In this research, we constructed a 3D riverbed surveying system that is able to acquire the topographical information of a riverbed in real-time. The system consists of a RTK-GPS receiver and a echo sounder for collecting simultaneously the position and the water depth information of riverbed. A program for data composition and transformation was designed to generate the 3D coordinates by combining data of a GPS receiver and a echo sounder and made GIS database construction easy. We extracted TIN, digital elevation model and cross sectional maps of the riverbed by using GIS software from 3D data constructed through test surveying. It was shown that the accuracy of the result was RMS error of 0.069m when compared with the existing methods which use a total station and staffs. It is expected that the 3D riverbed surveying system wiil be able to be utilized to various surveying for water resources management in rivers, sea, dams, storing reservoirs and so forth.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-88
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• 2011

Abstract. Image segmentation is always a challenging task in computer vision as well as in pattern recognition. Nowadays, this method has great importance in the field of stereo vision. The disparity information extracting from the binocular image pairs has essential relevance in the fields like Stereoscopic (3D) Imaging Systems, Virtual Reality and 3D Graphics. The term 'disparity' represents the horizontal shift between left camera image and right camera image. Till now, many methods are proposed to visualize or estimate the disparity. In this paper, we present a new technique to visualize the horizontal disparity between two stereo images based on image segmentation method. The process of comparing left camera image with right camera image is popularly known as 'Stereo-Matching'. This method is used in the field of stereo vision for many years and it has large contribution in generating depth and disparity maps. Correlation based stereo-matching are used most of the times to visualize the disparity. Although, for few stereo image pairs it is easy to estimate the horizontal disparity but in case of some other stereo images it becomes quite difficult to distinguish the disparity. Therefore, in order to visualize the horizontal disparity between any stereo image pairs in more robust way, a novel stereo-matching algorithm is proposed which is named as "Quadtree Segmentation of Pixels Disparity Estimation (QSPDE)".

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.57-69
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to emphasize interrelation between healthcare policies, design standards and hospital architecture of the United States since 1950s; to examine spatial characteristics of inpatient care facilities through case studies; and to consider the social implication of these spatial changes. Methods: In this study, reviewing the overall healthcare system, design standards and inpatient care facilities of the United States since 1950s, a total of five inpatient care facilities, one for each period, were selected in order to analyze the spatial characteristics. The spatial maps of Space Syntax were employed for analyzing five case studies. Results: The distance between the nursing station, the support service, and inpatient room were getting closer. The spatial structure of inpatient care facilities is transformed from tree structures to annular tree structures. This result shows that the efficiency between patient, staff and support service is higher and the depth of the spaces is getting deeper, which indicates that efficiency for improving healthcare quality affect the spatial structure of inpatient care facilities. Implications: In the future, if Korea's health policy is changed to a demand-oriented health care policy, this conclusion predicts medical planning of hospital will be focused on the efficiency.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.449-458
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• 2015

The compilation of a flood hazard map is an efficient technique in managing areas at risk of flooding in the case of a dam-break. A scenario-based numerical modeling approach is commonly used to compile a flood hazard map related to dam-break and to determine the model parameters that capture peak discharge, including breach formation and progress, which are important in the modeling method. This approach might be considered less reliable if an existing model is used without local validation. In this study, a dam-break model is linked to a routing model to identify flood-risk areas in the case of failure of the Sandae Reservoir Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk. Model parameters are extracted from a DEM, and maps of land use and soil texture. The simulation results are compared with on-site investigations in terms of inundation and depth. The model reproduces the inundation zone with reasonable accuracy.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-106
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• 2006

Site index is an essential tool to estimate forest productivity. Generally, a site index equation is developed and used from the relationship between stand age and dominant tree heights. However, there is a limit to the use of the site index equation in the application of variable ages, environmental influence, and estimation of site index for the unstocked forest. Therefore, it has been attempted to develop a new site index equation based on various environmental factors including site, climate, and topographical variables. This study was conducted to develop a site index equation based on the relationship between site index and environmental factors for the species of Pinus koraiensis in Yangpyung-Gun, Gyunggi Province. The influence of climatic factors (temperature and solar irradiation ratio), topographical factors (elevation, slope, ratio of slope to valley and aspect) and soil profiles (soil depth by layer and soil consistency) on site index were evaluated by multiple regression analysis. Five environmental factors were selected in the final site index equation for Pinus koraiensis. The site index equation developed in this study was also verified by three evaluation statistics: model's estimation bias, model's precision, and mean square error of measurement. Based on the site index equation, the number of productive areas for Pinus koraiensis were estimated by applying GIS technique to digitized forest maps. In addition, the distribution of productive areas was compared with the areas of current distribution of Pinus koraiensis. It is expected that the results obtained in this study could provide valuable information about the amount and distribution of productive areas for Pinus koraiensis reforestation.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.205-211
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• 2008

The river management in Korea had been focused on line based 2D spatial data for the developing river management application system. In this study, the polygon based 3D spatial data such as aerial photos and satellite images were selected and used through comparing their resolution levels for the river environment management. In addition, 1m detailed DEM (Digital Elevation Model) was constructed to implement the real topography information around river so that the damage area scale could be extracted for flood disaster. Also, the social environment thematic maps such as a cadastral map or land cover map could be used to verify the real damage area scale by overlay analysis on aerial photos or satellite images. The construction of these spatial data makes possible to present the real surface information and extract quantitative analysis to support the scientific decision making for establishing the river management policy. For the further study, the lidar surveying data will be considered as the very useful data by offering the real height information of riverbed as the depth of river so that flood simulation can give more reality.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.99-109
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• 2001

In order to establish effective fishing ground environment equipment and artificial reef in coastal area, the methodology to select the most suitable area for artificial reef should be applied after analyzing the correlation between fishing ground environment and ocean environment. In this paper, thematic maps were prepared by using satellite remote sensing and GIS for the sea surface temperature, chlorophyll, transparency, the depth of sea water and the condition of submarine geologic which are considered as the most elements when selecting suitable area for artificial reef in Tong-Yong bay. Then, the most suitable area for artificial reef was selected by giving weight score depending on the suitable condition of this area and analyzing spatial data. The results showed it makes possible for this methodology, which selects the suitable area for artificial reef using satellite remote sensing and GIS, to manage the institution of artificial reef more entirely and efficiently through analyzing and visualizing.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.133-147
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• 2014

Reducing the range of target landform, is required to save the time and cost before real field survey in the case of inaccessible landform such as talus. In this study, Weight of Evidence modeling, which is a Target-driven spatial analysis statistics methods, has been applied to reduce the field survey range of target landform. In order to apply the Weight of Evidence analysis, a likelihood ratio was calculated on the basis of the result of correlation analysis between geomorphic factors and GIS information after selection of geomorphic factors regarding talus. A best combination, which has the biggest possibility for Talus Potential Index, was found by using SRC and AUC methods after calculating the number of cases for each thematic maps. This combination which includes aspect, geology, slope, land-cover, soil depth and soil drainage factors, showed quite high accuracy by 74.47% indicating the ratio of real existent talus to potential talus distribution.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.31-44
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• 2014

In the present study, a few of recently developed geostatistical models are comparatively studied. The models are two-point statistics based sequential indicator simulation (SISIM) and generalized coupled Markov chain (GCMC), multi-point statistics single normal equation simulation (SNESIM), and object based model of FLUVSIM (fluvial simulation) that predicts structures of target object from the provided geometric information. Out of the models, SNESIM and FLUVSIM require additional information other than conditioning data such as training map and geometry, respectively, which generally claim demanding additional resources. For the comparative studies, three-dimensional fluvial reservoir model is developed considering the genetic information and the samples, as input data for the models, are acquired by mimicking realistic sampling (i.e. random sampling). For SNESIM and FLUVSIM, additional training map and the geometry data are synthesized based on the same information used for the objective model. For the comparisons of the predictabilities of the models, two different measures are employed. In the first measure, the ensemble probability maps of the models are developed from multiple realizations, which are compared in depth to the objective model. In the second measure, the developed realizations are converted to hydrogeologic properties and the groundwater flow simulation results are compared to that of the objective model. From the comparisons, it is found that the predictability of GCMC outperforms the other models in terms of the first measure. On the other hand, in terms of the second measure, the both predictabilities of GCMC and SNESIM are outstanding out of the considered models. The excellences of GCMC model in the comparisons may attribute to the incorporations of directional non-stationarity and the non-linear prediction structure. From the results, it is concluded that the various geostatistical models need to be comprehensively considered and comparatively analyzed for appropriate characterizations.