• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2003

The grinding force generated during the grinding process causes an elastic deformation of the workpiece, grinding wheel, and machine system. Thus, the true depth of cut is always smaller than the apparent depth of cut. This is known as machining elasticity phenomenon. The machining elasticity parameter is defined as a ratio between the true depth of cut and the apparent depth of cut. It is an important factor to understand the material removal mechanism of the grinding process. To increase productivity, the value of this machining elasticity parameter must be large. Therefore, it is essential to know the characteristics of this parameter. The objective of this research is to study the effect of the major grinding conditions, such as table speed, depth of cut, on this parameter experimentally, Through this research, it is found that this parameter value is increasing when the table speed is decreasing or the depth of cut is increasing. Also, this parameter value depends on the grinding mode (up grinding, down grinding).

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 1997

The study was carried out to clarify reasonable production of healthy seedling, optimal Pot depth, and appropriate transplanting time, which can be deduced from understanding of seedling quality. Seedling quality results from growth of root and shoot, morphology and distribution of root system under influence of Pot depth during seedling growing period. Stem height, shoot dry weight, leaf area and leaf number were increased in proportion to depth of pots. Growth of shoot and root during seedling growing period showed the most dramatic development between 20th and 25th day after temporary planting. Root number increased as pot depth decrease and total root length and dry weight increased as pot depth increase. In 5cm pot, relative multiplication rate was higher and mean extension rate was lower than other depth of Pot. The limitation of pot volume in which rhizosphere was located enhance the development of roots of second and third order. At 20th days after temporary Planting root distribution was relatively uniform in length and development of adventitious root on stem base was poor as Pot depth decreased.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.794-802
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• 2022

The recovery of reasonable depth information from different scenes is a popular topic in the field of computer vision. For generating depth maps with better details, we present an efficacious monocular depth prediction framework with coordinate attention and feature fusion. Specifically, the proposed framework contains attention, multi-scale and feature fusion modules. The attention module improves features based on coordinate attention to enhance the predicted effect, whereas the multi-scale module integrates useful low- and high-level contextual features with higher resolution. Moreover, we developed a feature fusion module to combine the heterogeneous features to generate high-quality depth outputs. We also designed a hybrid loss function that measures prediction errors from the perspective of depth and scale-invariant gradients, which contribute to preserving rich details. We conducted the experiments on public RGBD datasets, and the evaluation results show that the proposed scheme can considerably enhance the accuracy of depth prediction, achieving 0.051 for log10 and 0.992 for δ<1.25³ on the NYUv2 dataset.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.454-467
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• 2002

It has been established that a crack has an important effect on the dynamic behavior of a structure. This effect depends mainly on the location and depth of the crack. Toidentifythelocation and depth of a crack in a structure, a method is presented in this paper which uses neuro-fuzzy-evolutionary technique, that is, Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) solved via hybrid learning algorithm (the back-propagation gradient descent and the least-squares method) and Continuous Evolutionary Algorithms (CEAs) solving sir ale objective optimization problems with a continuous function and continuous search space efficiently are unified. With this ANFIS and CEAs, it is possible to formulate the inverse problem. ANFIS is used to obtain the input(the location and depth of a crack) - output(the structural Eigenfrequencies) relation of the structural system. CEAs are used to identify the crack location and depth by minimizing the difference from the measured frequencies. We have tried this new idea on beam structures and the results are promising.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.647-655
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• 2006

In this paper, submerged body dynamics model in vertical plane which can include the effect of free surface and wave is suggested to simulate the motions of submerged body moving beneath free surface precisely. A controller is designed, which can maintain a constant depth below the mean sea level and minimize the pitch angle. Numerical simulations show that the designed controller is effective on depth keeping and minimizing pitch angle in regular waves and irregular waves.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 1999

The effect of menu width and depth on the efficiency of information search and menu preference was investigated to identify an optimal menu structure for EIG which reflects the characteristics of human information processing. Information search time increased stepwisely as the menu width exceeded 6 items and linearly as the level of menu depth increased. The linear relationship between the error rate and the number of depth levels seems to be caused by the increase in the items to be remembered. When a menu structure was constructed by combining different menu depths and widths, it was observed that making the menu width wider rather than the depth deeper allows better information search. The menu structure rated as the most preferable and the easiest to user was that of pyramidal form. Such a result seems to come from its structural similarity to general categories which people get used to and implies that one should consider user preference as well as efficiency of search when he/she designs an EIG menu.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2017년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.207-208
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• 2017

The current study assumed a condition in which concrete curing was not completed correctly in the winter, in order to analyze the effect of changes in early low-temperatures in early-frost damage depth. As a result, lower external temperature early on after depositing the concrete greatly reduced the temperature in the upper parts of the concrete, and it delayed the time during which the concrete temperature restored. In addition, for early-frost damages, lower early temperature increased the expansion of frozen water, which in turn relaxes the concrete structures and increases the absorption rate, ultimately extending the depth of early-frost damage.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 B
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• pp.702-704
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• 2003

In this paper, analysis of bobbin probe signal in steam generator tube with bulge defect on CE system 80 nuclear power plant is represented. The CE system 80 steam generator is adopted in ULJIN-4 nuclear power plant. From Maxwell's equation, the electromagnetic governing equation for eddy current problem is derived and by performing the finite element formulation the 3-dimensional finite element code with brick element is developed. For the ease of the comparison the numerical results with experimental ones, the calculated signals are adjusted by using the ASME standard 100[%] through hole signal. For analysis of the effect of variation of the bulge depth on the impedance signal 0.2[mm] and 0.4[mm] depth of bulge defect signals are calculated and analyzed. As the depth of the bulge defect is increased, the magnitude of the signal is increased, too. But the rate of the increment of the signal is less than that of the depth of defect. From the result of this paper, we can obtained the information of the effect of bulge defect on the impedance signal.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.12-21
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• 1989

Laser beam welding parameters have experimentally investigated, using a continuous wave 3kW $CO_2$ laser with the various travel speeds, beam mode and laser beam power in low carbon steels. An optimum position of focus and the effect of shielding gas on penetration depth with varying the flow range of 0.5 to 5.1m/min have been combined to investigate the effect of laser power and travel speed on penetration depth and bead width. It is found that the optimum position of focus in 3kW class laser is 0.5 to 1.5mm below the surface of the material. The flow rate of shielding gas affects the penetration depth and He is more effective than Ar. The penetration depth in laser welds of low carbon steels is between two and four times of the bead width. Laser beam welding of butt joints in 2mm thick carbon steel has been carried out to establish a weldability lobe. The lobe indicating acceptable welding conditions is introduced.

• 무역학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2019

This study focuses on previous research that explored the external knowledge reflecting the characteristics of SMEs and that should be considered because of the limited capacity of SMEs. This study examines the effects of open innovation and SMEs on export performance, focuses on government support as a way to supplement the limited capacity of SMEs, and analyzes the moderating effects of government support. An examination of 1,358 samples revealed that the breadth of external knowledge, depth of external knowledge, and government support had a significant impact on the export performance of SMEs. The effect of exploration of external knowledge (breadth and depth) of SMEs on the export performance of SMEs is significant both in breadth and depth when government support is provided, but only depth is significant when there is no government support.