• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study was to observe the pain relief effect of moxibustion therapy in a patient with complex regional pain syndrome(CRPS). Methods : A male with type I CRPS, 48-year-old, who suffered from severe pain and paresthesia on his legs despite of treatments of oral medications and spinal cord stimulation was treated by indirect moxibustion following Korean medicine dianosis. Total 20 moxibustion treatments(once daily, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks) were given on the 4 acupoints(both side) where known to be effective fro the CRPS. Visual analogue scale(VAS), digital infrared thermal imaging(DITI), Beck depression index(BDI) were evaluated before and after the treatments. Pain relief, thermal changes on affected legs, and improvement of depression scale were observed after the treatments. Results : As for DITI, right thigh showed low temperature compared with left on before the treatments. While after the treatments, DITI showed similar temperature in both legs at discharge day. Conclusions : Though it is a case report, moxibustion therapy might have pain relief effect. Further rigorous case series and controlled trials are warranted.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.563-568
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• 2023

The government's strengthening of the standards for mentally ill patients and expanding the scope of examinations to the entire nation reflects the changing times. According to the OECD's announcement (2021), the incidence of depression and anxiety has more than doubled since the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic in countries around the world, with Korea's prevalence ranking first. However, only 12.1% of those who have been diagnosed with mental disorders received counseling and treatment from experts. The difference between depression and simple depression is significant depending on whether it is medically treated or temporary, but it can be seen that the continuation of depression is depression. In order to reduce this depression, Kandinsky's work was visualized and created. In a study conducted by changing the playback speed of the produced Kandinsky image, beta and gamma values, which showed the largest deviation when compared to depressive patients and normal people, increased significantly when viewed at 90fps, which was most effective in relieving depression. Artistic creations are bound to be accepted differently depending on the individual's perspective, but it is hoped that research that can improve the phenomenon of individuals suffering from depression by integrating artificial intelligence and traditional mental health approaches will be further developed and widely used for treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.194-204
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to provide the basic data needed to create more desirable psychological home environment and the prevention and relief of depression by examining the relations between psychological home environment and depression with the subjects of high school students. The study materials included standard questionnaires made up of forty two questions on psychological home environment by Dr. Jeong, Won-sik(1981), twenty one questions on depression indicators by Beck(1969). Collected data were analyzed by using SPSSWIN 10.0 Program through frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The main results of this study were as follows; Out of 210 perfect scores for the psychological home environment of the subjects, the mean was $140.54{\pm}11.21$, opening was $41.02{\pm}5.67$, affection was $37.59{\pm}5.80$, autonomy was $35.45{\pm}4.85$, and achievement was $26.48{\pm}6.79$. The depression of the subjects were slight, showing $13.78{\pm}9.73$, with normal condition (0-9scores) 40.0%, slight depression(10-15scores) 23.3%, mild depression(16-23scores) 20.3%, severe depression(24-63scores) 16.4%. The analyses of the relation between psychological home environment and depression of the subjects reveal that achievement-depression(r=.192, p=.000), opening-depression (r=-.296, p=.000), affection-depression(r=-.377, p=.000), and autonomy-depression(r=-.341, p=.000) has all meaningful relations. In summary, these data can be interpreted that high school students were likely to feel more depressed when they recognized their own home environment as under the burden of achievement, and to feel less depressed when they recognized it as open, affectionate, and autonomous.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.360-370
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to identify factors (pain stress, perceived stress, pain disability, fatigue, depression) strategies used by elders to cope with pain based on their type of pain belief. Method: Data were collected from 314 elders in community settings in Seoul from September to December of 2007. Cluster analysis, t-test, and ANOVA were used to analyze data. Result: The types of pain belief were classified as the following groups: Self-blame, Enduring & Mysterious, and Short-term & Understandable. Perceived stress (t=2.36, p=.02), social support (t=2.24, p=.03), extent of pain relief (t=2.39, p=.02), and duration of pain relief (t=2.09, p=.04) were important factors for active and passive coping in the Self-blame group. Pain stress (t=2.39, p=.01) and depression (t=-3.99, p=.00) were significantly related to the active coping in the Enduring & Mysterious group. Perceived stress (t=2.55, p=.01) was an important factor in the passive coping in the Short-term & Understandable group. Conclusion: Considering different types of pain belief in elders and factors that are significantly related to different coping strategies, future nursing interventions should be population specific to encourage active coping strategies and to decrease passive coping strategies.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.561-566
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• 2020

We propose to design and to implement a recreational and end - of - play robot for symptom relief in patients with depression. The main symptom of depression is the loss of interest and interest in life. The depression diagnosis patient confirms the emotional analysis revealed by his / her robot through the robot, and performs the greeting or ending play. After analyzing the emotions in the expressions after the play, the function of the embodying robot is confirmed by receiving the report. A simple play can not completely cure a patient with a diagnosis of depression, but it can contribute to symptom relief through gradual use. The design of the play-by-play robot is using Q.bo One, an open-source robot that can interact with Thecorpora. Q.bo One's system captures a user's face, takes a picture, passes the value to the Azure server, and checks the emotional analysis before and after the play with the accumulated data.Play is implemented in Rasubian, the OS of Q.bo One, using the programming language Python and interacting with external sensors. The purpose of this paper is to help the symptom relief of depressive patients in a relatively short time with a play robot.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.677-683
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• 2001

The object of this study is in the comparison of level of depression between patients with chronic low back pain & normal adult, of the relation between reduction of pain & level of depression and in the examination of the influence of traditional physical therapy against the reduction of pain & level of depression of the patients with chronic low back pain for the new recognition of psychological factors to the physical therapists as well as patients. This study was targeted for 40 patients with chronic low back pain who were diagnosed as lumbar sprain & herniated intervertebral disk and compared & analyzed how traditional physical therapy has an influence to their reduction of pain and level of depression by questioning with visual an analog scale of Beck's depression inventory & pain inventory to them. The results are as follows. 1. Traditional physical therapy has an effect in the reduction of pain of the patients with chronic low back pain. 2. Although traditional physical therapy relieved a little the level of depression of patients with chronic low back pain. there was no evident effect statistically. 3. In the relation between the reduction of pain and level of depression, level of depression also showed somewhat relief according to the reduction of pain and appeared that they have some relationship. However, it's degree was not big. 4. In the comparison of the level of depression between the normal adult and the patient with chronic low back pain, the level of depression of the patient with low back pain are high rather than that of normal adult.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.117-157
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• 2012

This paper investigated the biomedical medicalization of "depression"which is growing fast in Korea in terms of the treatment mechanism. Depression has been regarded as a mental disease that occurs with mixing various causations because what was the cause of this disease was not clarified until a recent date. Thus, as depression treatment, the medicine and the psycho-socio therapy have been used. However, from 1990s, as the brain science was introduced in the western society, and the high-tech diagnostic equipment of the brain disease and new drugs for the mental disease were developed, depression was rapidly redefined as 'the brain nerve system illness'that is easy to be taken and is able to obtain the permanent relief with the regular care. Under the influence of the redefinition of depression and the new treatment of it, recently, 8% of depression patients per year emerge as the aggressive cure subjects in the Korean psychiatric circle. However, according to the Korean psychiatric circle's unofficial calculation, it is estimated that only 10% of depression patients are receiving the accurate treatment but over 80% of the patients are not. If so, what does this estimation mean? Based on this question, this paper critically investigated the biomedical medicalization of depression.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.136-142
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• 2008

Background: A transforaminal epidural steroid injection (TFESI) is one of the methods for the conservative treatment of the lumbar spinal stenosis. As efforts to prolong the therapeutic duration and to predict the outcome of TFESI are very important, we analyzed factors considered to be associated with the therapeutic duration of a TFESI. Methods: Between August 2006 and March 2007, 69 patients (Group A: patients with no pain relief, Group B: patients with pain relief of less than 6 months, Group C: patients with pain relief of more than 6 months) who failed to the medical treatment were included to undertake a fluoroscopic-guided TFESI. Prior to treatment, the VAS (visual analogue scale), ODI (Oswestry disability index), BDI (Beck depression inventory), and BAI (Beck anxiety inventory) scores were determined to evaluate the degree of pain, disability, and psychological status. The VAS and ODI scores were used to assess the degree of pain relief. To identify the total duration of pain relief, regular outpatient visits for six months were conducted, and for the patients who were not able to visit the outpatient clinic regularly, outcome was assessed by telephone interviews after six months. Results: The dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCSA), ODI, pain duration, BDI, BAI, and age showed similar distribution for patients in the A, B, and C groups. Conclusions: The DSCSA, ODI, pain duration, BDI, BAI, and age were not associated with the therapeutic duration of TFESI in lumbar spinal stenosis patients.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 1998

Background: Quality of postoperative care may be improved by management of postoperative pain. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia have several advantages over general anesthesia and parenteral analgesics in managing the postoperative pain. We retrospectively reviewed records of obstetrical patients who underwent the cesarean sections under epidural anesthesia to evaluate perioperative analgesic use, side effects, and complications. Methods: All patients received epidural anesthesia consisting of 0.25% bupivacaine, 2% lidocaine and 100 ${\mu}g$ fentanyl, followed by epidural analgesia with 0.1% bupivacaine and 12.5 ${\mu}g$/ml fentanyl at rate of 2 ml/hr for 48 hours. Patients' records were reviewed for: medications administered for pain relief, incidence of nausea and vomiting and pruritus, and presence of respiratory or cardiovascular depression. Results: Over 18 months, 1,054 patients' records were reviewed. Average age was 27.8 years (18~43 years). 768 patients (72.9%) received no additional drugs for the pain relief. Intramuscular analgesics, ketoprofens, were one time administered to 247 patients (23.4%), 39 patients (3.7%) received two more dosages. The time of administration was $8.3{\pm}4.3$ hours postoperatively. Antiemetics, for example, low-dose droperidol, were administerd one time for 160 patients (15.2%), 5 patients (0.5%) received two or more administrations. The medication was administered $5.1{\pm}4.2$ hours postoperatively. Drugs for relief of pruritus, low-dose naloxone, were administered one time for 108 patients (10.2%), 10 patients (0.9%) received 2 or more dosages. The time of administration was $6.3{\pm}4.2$ hours postoperatively. None of the patients experienced cardiovascular nor respiratory (<8 breath/min) depression. Conclusions: Postoperative continuous epidural analgesia in combination with bupivacaine and fentanyl is an effective method of providing postoperative analgesia with low incidence of side effects.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.48-70
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of music therapy on acute, subacute and chronic pain and depression of musculoskeletal trauma patients. The study was designed using nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design within the framework of an adaptation model. The subjects were composed of forty patients, and twenty of them were assigned to the experimental group and twenty to the control group within the unit of patients. Data were summarized as follows : 1. There were significant changes of pain scores in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. 2. There were significant changes of pulse rates, respiration rates and systolic blood pressure, but were no significant changes of diastolic blood pressure in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. 3. There were no significant changes of the amount of ${\beta}$-endorphin in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. 4. There were no significant changes of depression scores in an experimental and a control group measured before and after the treatment. As a result, music therapy was a useful nursing intervention for relief of acute, subacute and chronic pain. Two suggestions could be made on the ground of the results of this study. 1. On the basis of endogenous pain control theory, it's necessary to research the changes of the amount of ${\beta}$-endorphin as the effect of the music therapy on patients having severe pain. 2. It's necessary to research the changes of the amount of ${\beta}$-endorphin according to the lapse of time after the music therapy for pain relief.