• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.51-66
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the traditional color sentiment on the contemporary clothing color by studying the pictures of street fashion of Dalian in China, in view of the clothing color of women in their 20-30 years of age having highest purchasing power, along with traditional Chinese color. The clothing color is various in frequency depending on the items in street fashion. Due to the seasonal impact of summer, the most frequent item was one-piece dress with the Multi of various color patterns, followed by White, Black, PB, R and B category. In the top color, the White was most prevalent color due to the seasonal factor, followed by Black, Grey, Multi, R, Y, RP category. Achromatic color is more dominant with the ratio of 7:3, comparing with its counterpart, which consists of R and Y category of V, B, P, VP tone. In the bottom color, Dp tone of PB shows most high frequency, followed by Black. This results illustrate that Chinese women prefer blue jeans and to be looked as slimmer by using of the dark colors. In the accessories, colors of bags and shoes show different results. The bag colors show the high frequency of Dk tone, YR category, and the chromatic colors are little bit dominant than achromatic ones with the ratio of 5.3:4.7. On the contrary, the shoes colors show the highest frequency in Black, the achromatic colors are more dominant than chromatic ones with the ratio of 6.6:3.4. These results somewhat diverge from the international color trend. Color trend in Dalian street fashion in which the high frequency of V tone is observed through all the colors of the items followed by P, VP, Lgr tone in sequence. In the light of Chinese traditional color preference, this result denotes that the traditional color preferences of red, yellow are still affecting the contemporary color choices of clothing in Chinese women. The high incidence of PB category in the bottom and one-piece dress does not seem to have its origin form traditional Chinese color sentiment.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.214-225
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• 2011

The objectives of the study were to evaluate seasonal patterns of epilimnetic water quality, and determine interannual eutrophication patterns at the dam site of Yong-dam Reservoir using long-term data during 2002~2009. Ionic dilutions, based on specific conductivity, occurred in the summer period in response to the intense monsoon rain and inflow, and suspended solid analysis indicated that the reservoir was clear except for the monsoon. Seasonality of nitrogen contents varied depending on the types of nitrogen and responded to ionic dilution; Ammonia-nitrogen ($NH_4$-N) peaked at dry season but nitrate-nitrogen ($NO_3$-N) peaked in the monsoon when the ionic dilution occurred. The maxima of $NO_3$-N seemed to be related with external summer N-loading from the watershed and active nitrogen fixation of bluregreens in the summer. $NO_3$-N was major determinant (>50%) of the total nitrogen pool and relative proportion of $NH_4$-N was minor. Long-term annual $NO_3$-N and TDN showed continuous increasing trends from 2004 to 2009, whereas TP and TDP showed decreasing trends along with chlorophyll-a (CHL) values. Empirical model analysis of log-transformed nutrients and N : P ratios on the CHL showed that the reservoir CHL had a stronger linear function with TP ($R^2$=0.89, p<0.001) than TN ($R^2$=0.35, p=0.120). Overall results suggest that eutrophication progress, based on TP and CHL, is slow down over the study period and this was mainly due to reduced phosphorns, which is considered as primary nutrient by the empirical model.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.637-647
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• 2019

Objective: The study aimed at quantifying seasonal and spatial variations in availability and nutritive value of herbaceous vegetation on native pastures and supplement feedstuffs for domestic ruminants in Western Kenya. Methods: Samples of herbaceous pasture vegetation (n = 75) and local supplement feedstuffs (n = 46) for cattle, sheep, and goats were collected in 20 villages of three geographic zones (Highlands, Mid-slopes, Lowlands) in Lower Nyando, Western Kenya, over four seasons of one year. Concentrations of dry matter (DM), crude ash (CA), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), gross energy (GE), and minerals were determined. Apparent total tract organic matter digestibility (dOM) was estimated from in vitro gas production and proximate nutrient concentrations or chemical composition alone using published prediction equations. Results: Nutrient, energy, and mineral concentrations were 52 to 168 g CA, 367 to 741 g NDF, 32 to 140 g CP, 6 to 45 g EE, 14.5 to 18.8 MJ GE, 7.0 to 54.2 g potassium, 0.01 to 0.47 g sodium, 136 to 1825 mg iron, and 0.07 to 0.52 mg selenium/kg DM. The dOM was 416 to 650 g/kg organic matter but differed depending on the estimation method. Nutritive value of pasture herbage was superior to most supplement feedstuffs, but its value strongly declined in the driest season. Biomass yields and concentrations of CP and potassium in pasture herbage were highest in the Highlands amongst the three zones. Conclusion: Availability and nutritive value of pasture herbage and supplement feedstuffs greatly vary between seasons and geographical zones, suggesting need for season- and region-specific feeding strategies. Local supplement feedstuffs partly compensate for nutritional deficiencies. However, equations to accurately predict dOM and improved knowledge on nutritional characteristics of tropical ruminant feedstuffs are needed to enhance livestock production in this and similar environments.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.175-177
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 본 동신대학교가 위치하고 있는 전남 나주지역의 지속발전 가능한 태양광발전의 운전 및 특성을 모니터링 시스템을 이용하여 데이터를 수집 및 분석하였다. 발전용량은 30kW 계통 연계형이며 수집 데이터는 일별, 월별, 년별로 분석하여 이 지역의 태양광발전시스템의 적용 타당성과 운전 특성을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.229-239
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• 1992

A receptor model application was performed by using a chemical mass balance (CMB) model to identify and apportion the specific source of airborne organic pollutants, particularly polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Source profiles of PAHs produced from the combustion of fossil fuels for CMB modeling were prepared by measuring them in emission gases. The emission sources which were examineed for the development of PAH source profiles are a coal-fired furnace using Yontan, a bunker-C iol heating boiler, and gasoline-and diesel engine automobiles. The ambient concentrations of PAHs were determined at four sites in Daejon city in 1991 with a seasonal variation. Wintertime air samples contained more extractable organic matter than summertime samples. The results of CMB modeling were various depending on the sampling sites and seasons, but the emission from bunker-C oil heating boliers was the predominant factor to affect local air quality throughout the year.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.77-82
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• 2009

Many countries have been interested in sustainable development of buildings for environmental preservation. Thus it is significant to assess building envelopes in terms of $CO_2$ emissions owing to Kyoto Protocol. In this paper, a Double Skin Facade(DSF) installed in a general office building was assessed by $CO_2$ emissions(one of the performance-based assessment). To predict $CO_2$ emissions caused by the building energy consumption, the dynamic simulation program(Energy Plus) and $CO_2$ emission factor was used. Because DSF has various airflow regimes, pre-simulation runs were conducted to decide proximate optimal airflow regimes depending on seasonal variation. It is shown that the DSF can achieve 17.1-36.5% of annual energy savings.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.93-101
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• 2002

The seasonal patterns of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Lake Kasumigaura, a shallow, eutrophic lake, and serveral DOM sources in its catchment area were investigated. DOM was fractionated using three resin adsorbents into classes: aquatic humic substances (AHS=humic acid+fulvic acid), hydrophobic neutrals (HoN), hydrophilic acids (HiA), bases (BaS) and hydrophilic neutrals (HiN). The DOM produced significantly different fraction distributions depending on the origin of sample. AHS and HiA prevailed over AHS in the lake while AHS and HiA existed at almost the same concentration levels in the rivers. AHS seems to be a more dominant component in rever water than lake water. The dominance of organic acids was also observed in the DOM sources: forest stream (FS), plowed field percolate (PFP), domestic sewage (DS) and sewage treatment plant effluent (STPE).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.8
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• pp.292-296
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• 2019

Epidemiologic studies of Kawasaki disease (KD) have shown a new pattern or change of its occurrence suggestive of its pathophysiology or risk factors from the first patient with KD reported in 1961. The incidence of KD in Northeast Asian countries including Japan, South Korea, China, and Taiwan is 10-30 times higher than that in the United States and Europe. Knowing the true epidemiology of KD in each country and the availability of publications of KD epidemiology also could benefit general health care providers and general population. This would enable the early detection and treatment of KD, ultimately reducing the incidence of coronary artery complications and mortality. Therefore, efforts to investigate the true epidemiology of KD should be continued in every country using a questionnaire survey, National Health Insurance system data, or combined methods depending on each country's medical environment to ensure high-quality care of patients with KD.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.879-891
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to evaluate seasonal patterns and diel variations of fish movements in the Juksan Weir which was constructed in 2010 at the down-stream of Yeongsan-River watershed. For this study, we monitored day-and-night movement(24 Hr cycle) and seasonal fish migration(June ~ August) patterns in 2011 along with species compositions and abundances depending on the locations of the traps within the fishway. Total number of species sampled was 14 and the total number of individuals was 1,263 with only the size-fractions(as total length) of the fish < 20 cm during the study. Seasonal analysis of fish movement in the fish way showed that highest frequency in the movement occurred in June - July, which is closely associated with a spawning peak season. The most dominant species using the fishway was Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae, and this species turned out to be 26.9% of the total in the use rate of fishway. Daily monitoring of fish movements showed that most frequent movements occurred between 18:00 PM and 21:00 PM when the fish have a feeding time generally. The migratory fish were not found in the fishway during the study. Mean current velocity during the study $0.42{\pm}0.02ms^{-1}$(n = 42), and there were no significant statistical differences(p > 0.05) among the daily and monthly velocities in the fishway. The use rate of fish passage, in terms of fish species, was 48%, compared with total sampling of fish species(29 species) at the down-river regions during the same period, indicating a low use rate. Further continuous long-term monitoring should be conducted to evaluate the impacts of the weir construction in the river.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.211-217
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• 2001

Field survey for Orius spp., predacious natural enemies of thrips pests, on several plants by beating or sweeping method revealed that O. sauteri, O. strigicollis, O. minutus, and O. nagaii habituated in open fields or in greenhouses of Korea. Among them, O. sauteri was the most dominant species at all areas (83.0~92.5%), followed by O. strigicollis and O. minutus. Especially, O. sauteri exclusively dominated on the economically important crops such as soybean, red pepper, and watermelon. On the other hand, O. strigicallis and O. nagaii occurred mainly on ornamental plants including chrysanthemum and rose and on rice, respectively, during summer-autumn season. The seasonal occurrence varied depending on the plant. Initial population of Orius spp. was first observed on white clover in late May, followed by on soybean, red pepper, an buck wheat in early June, indcating that movement of Orius spp. relates to the flowering time of the plant. Peak of Orius spp. abundance was found first in July and secondly in August or September. On white clover and buck wheat the first peak of abundance was one week earlier than on soybean and red pepper. Therefore, we suppose that wild plants such as white clover can serve as a reservoir for Orius spp. after overwintering.