• 혜화의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2001

To investigate the capacity of anti-inflammatory cytokines and biological response modifiers (BRMs) to induce IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ gene overexpression from mouse macrophages, we isolated the resident peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mouse (8 week old) and incubated for 6 h with lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and Moschus moschiferus (MOMS) extracts. Analysis of inflammatory cytokines gene expression was carried out by RT-PCR amplification. Amplified PCR products were electrophoresed on 1.2% agarose gel, and the analysis (Ht) was used to 1D-density program. 1. LPS and MOMS extract treatments resulted in a significant decrease in IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression level compared with the LPS treatment. 2. Among four sample of MOMS, Inhibitory effects of MOMS-A and MOMS-D for inflammatory cytokines gene expression were to be fine compared with the MOMS-Band MOMS-C. According to the above data, Because the anti- tumoral and anti-inflammatory response activities of macrophage are known to be dependent on the production of inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$) by macrophages, we suggest that evaluations of BRM for the reduction of inflammatory cytokines production by macrophages are important for clinical application.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.335-346
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• 2023

For structures with underground basement walls, the soil-structure-interaction between the side soil and the walls affects the response of the system. There is interest in quantifying the relationship between the lateral earth pressure and the wall displacement using p-y curves. To date, passive p-y curves in available limited studies were assumed elastic-perfectly plastic. In reality, the relationship between earth pressure and wall displacement is complex. This paper focuses on studying the development of passive p-y curves behind rigid walls supporting granular soils. The study aims at identifying the different components of the passive p-y relationship and proposing a rigorous non-linear p-y model in place of simplified elastic-plastic models. The results of the study show that (1) the p-y relationship that models the stress-displacement response behind a rigid basement wall is highly non-linear, (2) passive p-y curves are affected by the height of the wall, relative density, and depth below the ground surface, and (3) passive p-y curves can be expressed using a truncated hyperbolic model that is defined by a limit state passive pressure that is determined using available logarithmic spiral methods and an initial slope that is expressed using a depth-dependent soil stiffness model.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.402-409
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• 2006

Although microorganisms are, in fact, the most diverse and abundant type of organism on Earth, the ecological functions of microbial populations remains poorly understood. A variety of bacteria including marine Vibrios encounter numerous ecological challenges, such as UV light, predation, competition, and seasonal variations in seawater including pH, salinity, nutrient levels, temperature and so forth. In order to survive and proliferate under variable conditions, they have to develop elaborate means of communication to meet the challenges to which they are exposed. In bacteria, a range of biological functions have recently been found to be regulated by a population density-dependent cell-cell signaling mechanism known as quorum-sensing (QS). In other words, bacterial cells sense population density by monitoring the presence of self-produced extracellular autoinducers (AI). N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL)-dependent quorum-sensing was first discovered in two luminescent marine bacteria, Vibrio fischeri and Vibrio harveyi. The LuxI/R system of V. fischeriis the paradigm of Gram-negative quorum-sensing systems. At high population density, the accumulated signalstrigger the expression of target genes and thereby initiate a new set of biological activities. Several QS systems have been identified so far. Among them, an AHL-dependent QS system has been found to control biofilm formation in several bacterial species, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila, Burkholderia cepacia, and Serratia liquefaciens. Bacterial biofilm is a structured community of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymeric matrix that adheres to an inert or living surface. Extracellular signal molecules have been implicated in biofilm formation. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain NT1(traR, tra::lacZ749) and Chromobacterium violaceum strain CV026 are used as biosensors to detect AHL signals. Quorum sensing in lactic acid bacteria involves peptides that are directly sensed by membrane-located histidine kinases, after which the signal is transmitted to an intracellular regulator. In the nisin autoregulation process in Lactococcus lactis, the NisK protein acts as the sensor for nisin, and NisR protein as the response regulator activatingthe transcription of target genes. For control over growth and survival in bacterial communities, various strategies need to be developed by which receptors of the signal molecules are interfered with or the synthesis and release of the molecules is controlled. However, much is still unknown about the metabolic processes involved in such signal transduction and whether or not various foods and food ingredients may affect communication between spoilage or pathogenic bacteria. In five to ten years, we will be able to discover new signal molecules, some of which may have applications in food preservation to inhibit the growth of pathogens on foods.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 2018

Liquiritigenin (LQ) is a flavonoid that can be isolated from Glycyrrhiza radix. It is frequently used as a tranditional oriental medicine herbal treatment for swelling and injury and for detoxification. However, the effects of LQ on cognitive function have not been fully explored. In this study, we evaluated the memory-enhancing effects of LQ and the underlying mechanisms with a focus on the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) in mice. Learning and memory ability were evaluated with the Y-maze and passive avoidance tests following administration of LQ. In addition, the expression of NMDAR subunits 1, 2A, and 2B; postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95); phosphorylation of $Ca^{2+}$/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII); phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2); and phosphorylation of cAMP response element binding (CREB) proteins were examined by Western blot. In vivo, we found that treatment with LQ significantly improved memory performance in both behavioral tests. In vitro, LQ significantly increased NMDARs in the hippocampus. Furthermore, LQ significantly increased PSD-95 expression as well as CaMKII, ERK, and CREB phosphorylation in the hippocampus. Taken together, our results suggest that LQ has cognition enhancing activities and that these effects are mediated, in part, by activation of the NMDAR and CREB signaling pathways.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.449-452
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• 2012

A polyaniline-gold composite was prepared via the polymerization of aniline hydrochloride with or without water-soluble graphite oxide using auric acid as an oxidant. The reaction products were characterized using Xray photoelectron spectroscopy. The thermal stability and embedded crystallinity of the composites were also investigated using thermogravimetric and X-ray diffraction analyses. The electrical properties of the composites were examined using cyclic voltammetric measurements at room temperature and temperature-dependent DC conductivity within 300-500 K. Compared to pure graphene oxide and polyaniline-gold composite, the polyaniline-gold-graphene composite exhibited higher crystallinity and thermal stability, and higher current density response under equivalent conditions.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2000년도 추계학술대회논문집A
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• pp.522-528
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• 2000

Dynamic characteristics of seated human body were investigated by measuring apparent masses of eight different seating subjects exposed to vertical vibration. Two types of vibration signals - one is random signals over 1 to 30Hz having flat spectral density and the other is signals measured on seat rail in passenger car under driving conditions - were employed. It was found that the apparent masses are highly dependent on vibration level rather than type of the vibration signals. Based on the apparent mass measurements, a mathematical model of the human body in seating posture was developed by using genetic algorithm. Three-degree-of-freedom model was satisfactory in describing apparent mass of seated human body.

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.278-283
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• 2017

We theoretically study the dynamics of water tetramer in intense femtosecond laser pulses with different frequencies. The simulations are carried out by incorporating the molecular dynamics method non-adiabatically into the time-dependent local-density approximation (TDLDA-MD). Three typical scenarios of water tetramer including the normal vibration with enlarged OH bonds, free OH bonds breaking and the pure Coulomb explosion are presented by investigating the electronic and ionic dynamics. The result indicates that the ionization is enhanced and the corresponding fragmentation effect as well as the damping of the dipole moment are found more notably when increasing the laser frequency especially when the frequency falls in the resonant region of the absorption spectra. The study of the level depletion reveals that the ratio of the emission amount from different levels can be controlled by changing the laser frequency referring to the Keldysh parameter.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.160-166
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• 2007

Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for the optimization of the baking process of cookies made with onion powders (onion cookie). Experiments were carried out according to a central composite design, selecting onion powder content $(1.15{\sim}8.86%)$ and baking temperature $(155.9{\sim}184.1^{\circ}C)$ as independent variables and pH, titratable acidity, moisture content, density, spread factor, CIE color parameters $(L^{\ast}-$, $a^{\ast}-$, and $b^{\ast}-values)$, and hardness as response variables. pH decreased with increasing amount of onion powder and baking temperature. Moisture content also decreased as the baking temperature increased. $L^{\ast}-$ and $b^{\ast}-values$ decreased but $a^{\ast}-values$ increased with increasing onion content and baking temperature. Most polynomial models developed by RSM were highly effective to describe the relationships between the studied factors and the responses. Overall optimization, conducted by overlaying the contour plots under investigation, was able to point out the optimal range of the independent variables within which the six responses were simultaneously optimized. The point chosen as representative of this optimal region corresponded to 4.01% onion powder content and $161.84^{\circ}C$ baking temperature. The predicted dependent or response values in the optimal region were: pH＝6.87, moisture content＝2.77%, $L^{\ast}-value＝68.45$, $a^{\ast}-value＝1.98$, $b^{\ast}-value＝34.64$, and spread factor＝9.41.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.450-461
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• 2022

Purpose: DNA damage and repair responses are induced by metabolic diseases and environmental stress. The balance of DNA repair response and the antioxidant system play a role in modulating the entire body's health. This study uses a high-fat and high-calorie (HFC) drink to examine the new roles of a plant-based multivitamin/mineral supplement with phytonutrients (PMP) for regulating the antioxidant system and cellular DNA repair signaling in the body resulting from metabolic stress. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, and placebo-controlled trial, healthy adults received a capsule containing either a PMP supplement (n = 12) or a placebo control (n = 12) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 1, and 3 hours after consuming a HFC drink (900 kcal). The blood samples were analyzed for the following oxidative stress makers: areas under the curve reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocytes MDA, urinary MDA, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and the glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio at the time points. We further examined the related protein levels of DNA repair signaling (pCHK1 (Serine 345), p-P53 (Serine 15), and 𝛄H2AX expression) in the plasma of subjects to evaluate the time-dependent effects of a HFC drink. Results: In a previous study, we showed that PMP supplementation for eight weeks reduces the ROS and endogenous DNA damage in human blood plasma. Results of the current study further show that PMP supplementation is significantly correlated with antioxidant defense. Compared to the placebo samples, the blood plasma obtained after PMP supplementation showed enhanced DNA damage response genes such as pCHK1(Serine 345) (a transducer of DNA response) and 𝛄H2AX (a hallmark of DNA damage) during the 8 weeks trial on metabolic challenges. Conclusion: Our results indicate that PMP supplementation for 8 weeks enhances the antioxidant system against oxidative stress and prevents DNA damage signaling in humans.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 1997

최근들어 안전하고 합리적인 구조를 설계하기 위하여 구조물의 내충돌 또는 내충격에 대한 요구와 관심이 높아지고 있는데, 이러한 문제들은 아주 짧은 시간동안에 대변형이 일어나는 비선형문제라는 특징이 있다. 구조재료는 변형속도가 빨라짐에 따라 정적인 범주에서 보이는 거동과는 달리 변형률 의존적인 거동을 보인다. 따라서 대변형 소성문제인 충돌해석 등에는 종래 사용하여 온 변형률 비의존 재료구성방정식으로는 한계가 있다. 이 논문에서는 이러한 점을 개선하기 위하여 연강의 소성거동을 잘 나타낼 수 있는 소성슬립모델을 채용하고, 비선형경화를 도입하여 변형도 적용범위를 확장한 대변형 탄소성 변형률의존 재료구성방정식을 제시하였다. 본 구성방정식의 특징으로 항복조건과 하중조건이 필요없기 때문에 계산이 간편하며, 전위밀도와 속도로써 소성을 표현하기 때문에 보다 물리적인 의미를 가지고 금속재료의 소성현상을 나타낼 수 있다.