• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2009

Ficus deltoidea Jack is an important and popular medicinal plant species found in the Malaysia. Plants are being collected and used based on morphology and authentication to prevent adulteration is not in practice. In this study, twenty-six accessions of F. deltoidea Jack were collected from Kelantan and Terengganu states of Peninsular Malaysia to examine their genetic similarities and differences using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Out of 20 arbitrary primers, two primers (D-10 and D-11) were selected which produced reliable DNA polymorphism. D-10 and D-11 primers generated 138 RAPD bands ranging from 250 bp to 3000 bp. Ninety-nine of them were polymorphic loci (72%) and thirty-nine were nonpolymorphic loci (28%). A total of 56 bands with polymorphic loci were amplified with primer D-10 and analyzed by cluster analysis and UPGMA to present a dendrogram depicting the degree of genetic relationship among 26 accessions. Eight RAPD markers were sequenced to determine their identity. RAPD analysis showed the genetic diversity among 26 accessions of F. deltoidea Jack. The RAPD profile and RAPD marker sequences reported in this paper could be used in plant and/or plant material authentication. This study also suggested that RAPD can be a useful technique to study DNA polymorphism in F. deltoidea Jack.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2005

A total of 30L monocytogenes strains from different sources including 13 strains isolated from the foreign imported meat were genotyped in order to establish their genetic relatedness and to compare them with the foreign isolates. PFGE analysis of genomic DNA showed the $11\~16$ fragments ranging in size from 38 to 504 kb. Eleven different PFGE types $(1\~11)$ were identified in the dendrogram at $75\%$ similarity, and the two major PFGE types, type 1 and 2, contained $94\%$ of domestic isolates (16/17). All isolates from domestic beef and pork carcass were grouped in each different type, however, isolates from chicken were clustered together with those from pork and beef. We also found all foreign strains were unrelated with each other, regardless of geographic criteria and that they could be differentiated from those from the domestic isolates by PFGE pattern. The PFGE pattern of one isolate from chicken wing, which the chicken meat was found to be imported from foreign country, was closely related to that of isolate from the Thailand.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2002년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.81-85
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• 2002

Oligotrophic bacteria isolated from forest soil showed a specific community consisting of various taxonomic groups compared with those in other soil or aquatic habitats. Based on the cell shape, the isolates were divided into four groups: regular rod, curved/spiral rod, irregular rod, and prosthecate bacteria. The cellular fatty acids 60 oligotrophic isolates were analyzed. At the dendrogram based on cellular fatty acid composition, four clusters(I-IV) were separated at a euclidian distance of about 50. Based on the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the two representative strains(MH256 and MA828) of cluster 3 showed the close relation to genera, Xathomonas/Stenotrophomonas, but were not included in these genera. The isolates with Q-10 were also studied. They are corresponded to the two large groups in Proteobacteria alpha subdivision. One was incorporated in the genus Bradyrhizobium cluster, which also includes Agromonas, a genus for oligotrophic bacteria. The strains of the other group showed high similarity to the genus Agrobacterium. We attempted to screening of bioactive compounds from oligotrophs which was isolated from forest soil. The active compounds were analyzed by mass and NMR spectrum, one of them identified as crisamicin A. Another one designated as SAPH is a new compound. The results indicate that there were possibilities for finding new compounds from the rare microorganisms such as oligotrophs.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.377-384
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• 2019

Genomic DNA extracted from representatives of two populations, Gunsan and Chinese, of Urechis spp. was amplified using PCR with several primers. The band-sharing (BS) value between individuals no. 05 from the Gunsan population and no. 22 from the Chinese population was 0.206, which was the lowest recognized value. Oligonucleotides primer OPC-04 revealed 44 unique loci, which distinguished the Chinese population. Primer OPB-17 allowed the discovery of 22 loci shared by the two populations, which were present in all samples. Based on the average BS results, individuals from the Gunsan population demonstrated lower BS values (0.661±0.012) than did those from the Chinese population (0.788±0.014; p<0.05). The shortest genetic distance (GD) displaying a noteworthy molecular difference was between individuals CHINESE no. 12 and no. 13 (GD=0.027). Individual no. 06 from the Gunsan population was most distantly related to CHINESE no. 22 (GD=0.703). A group tree of the two populations was constructed by UPGMA Euclidean GD analysis based on a total of 543 fragments generated using six primers. The explicit markers recognized in this study will be used for genetic analysis, as well as to evaluate the species security and proliferation of echiuran individuals in intertidal regions of the Korean Peninsula.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.81-88
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial characteristics of Namgang-Dam watershed for a Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDL). Three TMDL target sites, Gyeonghogang1, 2, Namgang-Dam2, are located within Namgang-Dam watershed. Under the current criterion for TMDLs, 3-year arithmetic mean BOD concentration of the target sites should not exceed the target concentration for 2 consecutive years. Two and three times of violation were observed for Gyenghogang2 and Namgang-Dam2 sites while no violation was found for Gyeonghogang1 site. However, no violation was found since 1999 for all three sites. Correlation between each 12 stations within the watershed were analyzed and cluster analysis was conducted to figure out the spatial characteristics of the watershed. Correlation coefficient between Gyonghogang1 and 2 was high (0.758) while the coefficients between lake station (Namgang-Dam2) and stream stations (Gyonghogang1 and 2) were very low. Dendrogram indicated that all of three Namgang-Dam stations were very close and Gyenghogang1, 2 stations were also close.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.472-477
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• 2007

This study was intended to identify the constructing factors and hierarchy of images in the gathered skirts, which is expected to be helpful in shape classification. The gathered skirts were made by different gathering conditions: three kinds of the gathers ratio(1.5T, 2.0T, 2.5T) and different fabrics(cotton, mixed wool, polyester). 45 undergraduate and graduate women students responded to the nine gathered skirts during December in 2004 to February in 2005. 184 words expressing gathered skirt were collected through the investigation and analysis of questionnaires. 32 words arranged in based on the standard form with frequency before conducting factor analysis to identify the constructing factors of gathered skirt images. As a result of factors analysis, 2 factors-H shape, A shape were found out as constructing factors of gathered skirts. To explain the hierarchy of gathered skirt images, cluster analysis was applied. To observe the association of 32 words, dendrogram was introduced, and to interpret the result, five sub clusters were determined. This 5 clusters were continuously combined according to their frequency, based on the factors marks. Two major division of image clusters were 'simple and neat image', and 'fairly good and feminine image'.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

Thirty five isolates of Trichoderma species collected from seven different locations of Bangladesh were studied for morphological characters and molecular variation. Mycelial diameters of the isolates varied from 8.28 cm to 9.00 cm. Based on colony colour, isolates were grouped into five such as dark green, green, light green, yellowish green and whitish green. Maximum isolates were green and light green. On the basis of growth habit and colony consistency, the isolates were categorized into three groups, in which most species had fast growth and were compact in appearance. PCR-based Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique employing 3 decamer primers produced 36 scorable bands of which all (100%) were polymorphic. The co-efficient of gene differentiation (Gst) was 1.0000 reflecting the existence of high level of genetic diversity among the isolates. The Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Means (UPGMA) dendrogram constructed from Nei's (1972) genetic distance produced 2 main clusters (13 isolates in cluster 1 and 22 isolates in cluster 2). The result indicating their genetic diversity has opened new possibility of using the most efficient and more isolates of Trichoderma in the preparation of biopesticide and decomposition of municipality waste.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.195-200
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• 2002

ART (Adaptive Resonance Theory [1]) neural network and its variations perform non-hierarchical clustering by unsupervised learning. We propose a scheme "arboART" for hierarchical clustering by using several ART1.5-SSS networks. It classifies multidimensional vectors as a cluster tree, and finds features of clusters. The Basic idea of arboART is to use the prototype formed in an ART network as an input to other ART network that has looser distance criteria (Ishihara, et al., [2,3]). By sending prototype vectors made by ART to one after another, many small categories are combined into larger and more generalized categories. We can draw a dendrogram using classification records of sample and categories. We have confirmed its ability using standard test data commonly used in pattern recognition community. The clustering result is better than traditional computing methods, on separation of outliers, smaller error (diameter) of clusters and causes no chaining. This methodology is applied to Kansei evaluation experiment data analysis.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 2012

Genomic DNAs (gDNAs) were isolated from the hard clam ($Meretrix$ $lusoria$, Roding, 1798) populations of Gunsan located in the Yellow Sea of the Korean peninsula. Genetic distances among different individuals of the LSCP (light shell color population) population of the hard clam (lane 1-11), GSCP (grey shell color population) population of the hard clam (lane 12-22) and DSCP (dark shell color population) population of the hard clam (lane 23-33), respectively, were generated using Systat version 10 according to the bandsharing values and similarity matrix. The dendrogram, generated by seven reliable oligonucleotides primers, indicates 3 genetic clusters. LSCP population could be evidently discriminated with the other two populations among three populations. The longest genetic distance (0.801) was found to exist between individuals in the two populations, between individuals' no. 33 of the DSCP population and no. 06 of the LSCP population. The higher fragment sizes (>2,000 bp) are much more observed in the GSCP population. Three hard clam populations can be clearly distinguished, especially, by their morphological characters and PCR-based approach.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.240-246
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• 2011

The principal objective of this study was to estimate the availability of morphological data on the basis of the guidelines of the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) with regard to the identification of the rose germplasm. The correlation of morphological traits and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker data among 44 rose cultivars was assessed via a mantel test. Thirty eight phenotypes were employed for morphological analysis. Sixteen primers were utilized for RAPD analysis, and these generated 225 polymorphic bands. The dendrogram based on the RAPD markersgrouped 44 rose cultivars according to their horticultural types. No significant correlation was observed between the morphological and RAPD marker data. We concluded that current UPOV traits could not be applied to study genetic variation. Further studies on morphological traits are required for the analysis of genetic variation among cultivars.