• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회A
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• pp.451-454
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• 2007

This paper presents the pattern characteristic using the electrostatic drop-on-demand ink-jet printing system. In order to achieve the pattern characteristic of electrostatic inkjet printing, the capillary inkjet head system is fabricated using capillary tube, Pt wire and electrode, and is packaged by acrylic board for the accurate alignment between wire and electrode-hole. The applied DC voltage of 1.4 $\sim$ 2.0 kV used for the observation of electrostatic droplet ejection. Electrostatic droplet ejection is directly observed using a high-speed camera. For investigated pattern characteristic, conductive inkjet silver ink used. The higher voltage has a good condition which has micro dripping mode. Also, the droplet size decreases with increasing the supplied DC voltage. This paper shows the pattern which is formed by about 300um. Also, capillary inkjet head system will be applied industrial area comparing conventional electrostatic inkjet head system.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.581-589
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• 2011

Generally, treated water or raw water is transported into storage reservoirs which are receiving facilities of local governments from multi-regional water supply systems. A water supply control and operation center is operated not only to manage the water facilities more economically and efficiently but also to mitigate the shortage of water resources due to the increase in water consumption. To achieve the goal, important information such as the flow-rate in the systems, water levels of storage reservoirs or tanks, and pump-operation schedule should be considered based on the resonable water demand forecasting. However, it is difficult to acquire the pattern of water demand used in local government, since the operating information is not shared between multi-regional and local water systems. The pattern of water demand is irregular and unpredictable. Also, additional changes such as an abrupt accident and frequent changes of electric power rates could occur. Consequently, it is not easy to forecast accurate water demands. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a short-term water demands forecasting and to develop an application of the forecasting models. In this study, the forecasting simulator for water demand is developed based on mathematical and neural network methods as linear and non-linear models to implement the optimal water demands forecasting. It is shown that MLP(Multi-Layered Perceptron) and ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System) can be applied to obtain better forecasting results in multi-regional water supply systems with a large scale and local water supply systems with small or medium scale than conventional methods, respectively.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2016

PURPOSES : This study aims to examine the differences between the existing traffic demand forecasting method and the traffic demand forecasting method considering future regional development plans and new road construction and expansion plans using a four-step traffic demand forecast for a more objective and sophisticated national highway maintenance. This study ultimately aims to present future pavement deterioration and budget forecasting planning based on the examination. METHODS : This study used the latest data offered by the Korea Transport Data Base (KTDB) as the basic data for demand forecast. The analysis scope was set using the Daejeon Metropolitan City's O/D and network data. This study used a traffic demand program called TransCad, and performed a traffic assignment by vehicle type through the application of a user equilibrium-based multi-class assignment technique. This study forecasted future traffic demand by verifying whether or not a realistic traffic pattern was expressed similarly by undertaking a calibration process. This study performed a life cycle cost analysis based on traffic using the forecasted future demand or existing past pattern, or by assuming the constant traffic demand. The maintenance criteria were decided according to equivalent single axle loads (ESAL). The maintenance period in the concerned section was calculated in this study. This study also computed the maintenance costs using a construction method by applying the maintenance criteria considering the ESAL. The road user costs were calculated by using the user cost calculation logic applied to the Korean Pavement Management System, which is the existing study outcome. RESULTS : This study ascertained that the increase and decrease of traffic occurred in the concerned section according to the future development plans. Furthermore, there were differences from demand forecasting that did not consider the development plans. Realistic and accurate demand forecasting supported an optimized decision making that efficiently assigns maintenance costs, and can be used as very important basic information for maintenance decision making. CONCLUSIONS : Therefore, decision making for a more efficient and sophisticated road management than the method assuming future traffic can be expected to be the same as the existing pattern or steady traffic demand. The reflection of a reliable forecasting of the future traffic demand to life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) can be a very vital factor because many studies are generally performed without considering the future traffic demand or with an analysis through setting a scenario upon LCCA within a pavement management system.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.247-261
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• 2019

요구-철회 커뮤니케이션은 연속적 언쟁에서 나타나는 주요한 역기능적 의사소통 패턴이다. 본 연구는 이러한 요구-철회 패턴이 연속적 언쟁의 지속성을 어떻게 증가시키는지 이에 영향을 주는 요인을 밝히고자 한다. 본 연구는 거절 민감성이 파트너의 부정 행동 인식과 긍정적인 상관관계를 형성하고 이는 연속적 언쟁 시 나타나는 요구-철회 패턴에 정의 영향을 끼칠 것이며 이러한 일련의 과정이 연속적 언쟁이 해결되었다고 인식할 가능성을 낮출 것으로 가정했다. 직렬 매개모형을 분석한 결과 연속적 언쟁이 해결되었다고 인식하는 것과 상관없이 거절 민감성은 연속적 언쟁이 상호 합의를 수반했다는 인식에 부정적인 영향을 끼치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 부적 상관관계는 부분적으로 개인의 거절 민감성이 연인관계에 있는 파트너가 일반적으로 부정 행동을 하는 것으로 인식할 가능성을 높임으로써 연속적 언쟁 시 자기 요구-파트너 철회의 의사소통을 발생시키기 때문인 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권2D호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2006

소비자가 쇼핑통행을 하지 않으면서 인터넷을 통하여 물건을 주문하고, 집이나 직장 등 소비자가 원하는 장소에서 물건을 배달 받는 온라인 쇼핑은 운송산업 구조, 산업입지 패턴, 화물운송수요 및 통행패턴에 종전과 전혀 다른 변화를 초래할 것이다. 우리나라의 경우 장래 예상되는 여성인구의 사회활동 참여 증대, 고령인구의 증가, 대량생산에서 소량 다품목 고부가 가치 생산으로 변화하는 산업구조 등 사회 경제적 변혁은 앞으로 온라인 쇼핑의 가능성을 더욱 확대시킬 것이다. 따라서 장래 통행수요 및 통행패턴에도 상당한 변화를 초래할 것이며 이러한 변화는 장래 교통정책 방향에 지대한 영향을 미칠 것이다. 온라인 쇼핑의 통행에 미치는 영향이 매우 큼에도 불구하고 아직 우리나라에서는 이에 대한 연구가 이루어진 적이 전혀 없으며 교통정책 수립 시 전혀 반영되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 온라인 쇼핑이 개인통행에 미치는 영향을 파악하고, 이러한 변화에 대응하기 위하여 장래 교통정책에서 다루어야 할 과제와 정책방향을 검토하고 제시한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.138-143
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• 2001

Red sea bream, Pagrus major a fish species characterized by its dualistic feeding pattern, was investigated to study the synchronizing effect of light and food on the demand-feeding rhythm. Nocturnal and diurnal red sea bream, both in groups and individually, were exposed to restricted-feeding and Light-Dark cycles of different periods. The phase relationship between both zeitgebers was also studied. In some cases, food availability restricted to the light or dark phase contrary to that of the previous feeding phase changed a diurnal feeding pattern into nocturnal and vice versa, suggesting that food can be one of the switching factors that decides whether the circadian system of red sea bream is diurnal or nocturnal. However, the fact that the feeding pattern of some fish was unrelated with the phase in which food was available suggests that other internal and/or external-factors could be involved in the temporal flexibility of red sea bream.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.93-129
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• 2013

본 논문은 기혼여성의 취업으로 인해 발생된 소비패턴의 변화와 그로 인해 야기되는 산업별 산출액의 변화 및 노동수요 파생효과를 추정하였다. 분석 결과, 맞벌이가구 증가에 따라 교통비와 교육비, 외식비, 가사서비스 등의 소비가 증가하였다. 이러한 소비패턴 변화로 인해 교육 및 보건업, 음식 숙박업 등 시장서비스업의 노동수요 증가가 야기되었다. 특히 고학력 및 중산층 이상의 기혼여성의 취업 시 취업유발효과가 높았으며, 그로 인해 저숙련 업종의 노동수요를 파생시킬 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 2004년도 춘계공동학술대회 논문집
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• pp.441-445
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• 2004

In this paper, we deal with an inventory model of a multi-stage, serial supply chain system where a single product type and nonstationary customer demand pattern are considered. The retailer and suppliers place their orders according to an echelon-stock based replenishment control policy. We assume that the suppliers can access online information on the demand history and use this information when making their replenishment decisions. Using a reinforcement learning technique, the inventory control parameters are designed to adaptively change as the customer demand pattern is altered, in order to maintain a given target service level. Through a simulation based experiment, we verified that our approach is good for maintaining the target service level.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.592-596
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• 2005

This study analyzed changes of train operation between Seoul~Cheonan after the introduction of new electrified rail in 2005. As expected number of passengers were reduced at specific service section and several railroad stations which were served by the Mugunghwa. Also, the statistic shows that passenter demand concentrated in a specific time, so train service frequency and level of service need to be modified to meet with changed demand pattern. The purpose of this paper is to identify critical demand pattern, especially, in several section of the railroad system. This studies provide a railroad transportation system that is significantly more efficient, with far greater capacity, by providing solutions to the problems of congestion impact.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2017

With the rapid economical and technological progress in China, the demand for wine increased tremendously along with the need for wine storage furniture and wine related products. Although demand for furniture increased, consumers' emotional need toward high quality design product has not been met properly. As the quality of people's life improves, they pursue better materials providing them with higher mental satisfaction. To meet the specific demand of Chinese market stated above, the direction of this report is set as to study pattern elements of Chinese traditional lattice and combine them with wine storage furniture design and crafting, which is originated from western culture. By doing that, the study is aimed to suggest a new direction of Chinese modern design and to improve the fundamental notion of Chinese furniture design. Although wine and wine racks are from western world, the wine mini-bar designed in this study stands out for its beauty and taste of eastern culture. It not only fits perfectly to the habits and taste of wine lovers, but also goes very well with fusion style interior design trend in modern China. The furniture carries the charm of eastern cultural tradition and elegance of modern furniture design in one.