• Title/Summary/Keyword: deltamethrin

Search Result 64, Processing Time 0.024 seconds

Determination of 3-phenoxybenzoic Acid in Urine and Exposure Assessment of Pyrethroid Insecticides to Human Being (요중 3-phenoxybenzoic acid 미량 분석 및 pyrethroid계 살포자 노출 평가)

  • Seo, Jong-Chul;Song, Jae-Seok;Choi, Hong-Soon
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.11 no.2
    • /
    • pp.87-94
    • /
    • 2007
  • Pyrethroid insecticide have widely been used for agricultural sector and residential environments. To assess the exposure of insecticide which is absorbed through skin the analysis of urinary metabolite is essential. At present, the urinary 3-PBA was analyzed using liquid-phase extraction. But LPE have many limitations, such as long pre-treatment time and low recovery. So, this study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions for analysing 3-PBA in urine using solid phase extraction. Furthermore, this study intend to investigate the relation of concentrations of pyrethroid, deltamethrin in air and 3-PBA in urine. The optimum condition for hydrolysis was found to be done with hydrochloric acid for one hour. The recovery rates of 3-PBA were $84.6%{\pm}1.2%$, $54.8{\pm}0.9%$, $99.8{\pm}1.2%$ with XAD-2, XAD-7, XAD-16 using as the aborbents and acetone as eluents respectively. But acetonitrle and methanol gave low recovery rate and methyl cellosolve could not elute the compound. The amount of acetone for elution were 6mL, 9mL, 3mL for XAD-2, XAD-7, XAD-16 as absorbents respectively. The non-absorbed rates was $0.8{\pm}0.5%$, and $0.7{\pm}0.3%$ under XAD-16, mesh size 140-200, amount of resin 1.4g and the flow rate of eluent was 0.1mL/min. In the concentration process, we obtained 11 times higher concentration of material. The amounts of urinary 3-PBA were. The LODs of 3-PBA and deltamethrin were 0.004 mg/L, 0.038 mg/L, respectively. The further research of minute monitoring which include spray pattern, environmental condition is needed And more research about the relation between total pyrethroid exposure and urinary various metabolite are also necessary.

Susceptibilities of american cockroach, Periplaneta americana to insecticides according to application methods (이질바퀴에 대한 처리방법에 따른 살충제 감수성)

  • Han, Jong-Been;Bae, Jeong-Sook;Kim, Gil-Hah
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.8 no.3
    • /
    • pp.210-219
    • /
    • 2004
  • Susceptibility of Periplaneta americana male adults to 61 commercial insecticides was evaluated by diet dipping method. Among them eight insecticides of dichlorvos, benfuracarb, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, fenpropathrin, $\zeta$-cypermethrin, $\lambda$-cyhalothrin and fipronil showed 100% mortality. The insect was more susceptible to dichlorvos and fenpropathrin in filter paper contact method than in diet dipping one, but benfuracarb was vice versa. Toxicities of the seven chemicals were evaluated by application parts of the such as head, thorax, abdomen, and legs. Dichlorvos, benfuracarb and $\lambda$-cyhalothrin were more toxic when applied to head, and deltamethrin, fenpropathrin and cypermethrin were abdomen. $LT_{50}$ values by diet dipping method showed that dichlorvos, benfuracarb and $\lambda$-cyhalothrin acted more rapidly than boric acid and hydramethylnon. The values of the former three were 0.10, 0.29 and 0.12 days, and those of the latter two were 6.2 and 4.8 days, respectively.

Removal of deltamethrin insecticide over highly porous activated carbon prepared from pistachio nutshells

  • Hassan, A.F.;Youssef, A.M.;Priecel, P.
    • Carbon letters
    • /
    • v.14 no.4
    • /
    • pp.234-242
    • /
    • 2013
  • Potassium hydroxide-activated carbons (CK21, CK11, and CK12) were prepared from pistachio nutshells. Physicochemical properties of activated carbons were characterized by TGA, $pH_{pzc}$, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and $N_2$-adsorption at $-196^{\circ}C$. The examinations showed that activated carbons have high surface area ranging between 695-1218 $m^2/g$, total pore volume ranging between 0.527-0.772 mL/g, and a pore radius around 1.4 nm. The presence of acidic and basic surface C-O groups was confirmed. Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to study the effects of adsorbent dosage, temperature, initial concentration of adsorbate, and contact time on deltamethrin adsorption by activated carbons. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption data followed a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The Langmuir model showed a maximum adsorption capacity of 162.6 mg/g at $35^{\circ}C$ on CK12. Thermodynamic studies indicated that adsorption was spontaneous and increased with temperature, suggesting an endothermic process.

Development and Evaluation of the KOrea Insecticide Exposure Model (KOIEM) for Managing Insecticides

  • Jung, Ja-Eun;Lee, Yong-Ju;Kim, Yoon-Kwan;Lee, Sung-Kyu
    • Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.33 no.4
    • /
    • pp.1183-1189
    • /
    • 2012
  • The KOrea Insecticide Exposure Model (KOIEM) was developed to facilitate ecological risk-based management of Korean insecticides. KOIEM, applied as a multimedia fate model, evaluates water, soil, air, and vegetation compartments based on three water-body types (streams, ditches, and ponds). Deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide, was used to evaluate and create the model parameters. After exposure of both the stream and the ditch to deltamethrin, the KOIEM-predicted concentrations and the observed levels were in agreement. The model was also evaluated using the accuracy factor (AF), which was 4.32 and 0.35 for the stream and ditch, respectively. Ecological risk assessment was also performed to evaluate the application of KOIEM for four popular South Korean insecticides (cypermethrin, deltamethrin, diazinon, and permethrin). Despite the insecticides having low PECs in water, their risk quotients were typically above 1.0. Thus, KOIEM modification would be required in further studies to account for spatial variation.

Development of Simultaneous Analysis for Multiple Agricultural Pesticides in Raw Milk Products using GC-MS/MS (GC-MS/MS를 이용한 원유 원료 중 농약 동시분석법 확립)

  • Young Nae Choi;Yoon ho Shin;Hwangeui Cho;Jung Bok Kim
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.38 no.6
    • /
    • pp.420-429
    • /
    • 2023
  • GC-MS/MS using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and C18 cartridges was used to identify and quantify levels of chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin in bulk raw milk. A calibration curve spanning 10 ng/mL to 200 ng/mL was obtained with a satisfactory correlation coefficient of 0.99. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) for chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin in the matrix ranged from 0.06 to 1.81 ng/mL and 0.19 to 6.04 ng/mL, respectively. The recoveries of 5 pesticides from spiked samples at 37.5-125 ng/mL ranged from 86.1 to 102.1%. The measurement of uncertainty of the GC-MS/MS method for these five pesticides was developed based on the analytical process and quantification. An analysis method that is easier and faster than the method specified in the Korean food standards codes for analyzing these five pesticides in raw material milk was developed. Moreover, the analytical method for chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cypermethrin, deltamethrin, and permethrin in bulk raw milk by GC-MS/MS was established.

Selection of low toxic insecticides for phytoseiid predatory mites, Amblyseius cucumeris and Amblyseius fallacis (Amblyseius cucumeris 및 Amblyseius fallacis에 대한 저독성약제 선발)

  • Choi, Byeong-Ryeol;Hilton, S.A.;Broadbent, A.B.
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.7 no.4
    • /
    • pp.296-301
    • /
    • 2003
  • This study was conducted to select low toxic insecticides against natural enemies, and to evaluate resistance stability and cross-resistance to resistance strain for the fulfillment of integrated pest management development. Toxicity of imidacloprid and spinosad to Amblyseius cucumeris was relatively low regardless of the adopting test methods. In addition, those to the Amblyseius fallacis was also low by slide dipping method. The slide dipping method was useful to eliminate repellency effect by mites to the tested insecticides. Mortality of A. fallacis to deltamethrin recorded in 1994 and 1999 was 21.6% and 7.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the permethrin-resistanct strain of A. fallacis was maintained its resistance to deltamethrin. However, the cross-resistance to the newly introduced insecticides namely imidacloprid, fipronil, chlorfenapyr, abamectin, and spinosad. was relatively low.

Monitoring of the residues of some pesticides in mulberry leaves and their safety evaluation (뽕잎중 잔류농약의 monitoring 및 안전성 평가)

  • Lee, Jae-Koo;Kwon, Jeong-Wook;Ahn, Ki-Chang;Moon, Jae-Yu
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.2 no.2
    • /
    • pp.45-52
    • /
    • 1998
  • In order to evaluate the safety of mulberry leaves for sericultural purpose to the contamination by pesticide residues, the analyses of dichlorvos, acephate, phenthoate, pyrazophos, deltamethrin, and cypermethrin were done for 24 samples collected in spring and fall over two consecutive years (1996 and 1997), each, from 8 provinces across the country, by selecting three representative farmhouses in each province. In spring samples of 1996, the residual amounts of dichlorvos, acephate, and phenthoate were $0.018{\sim}0.032$, $0.013{\sim}0.072$, and 0.051 ppm, respectively, whereas, pyrazophos was not detected, and the detection frequencies were 29, 58, and 4%, respectively. In fall samples, on the other hand, those of the above pesticides were $0.012{\sim}0.048$, $0.020{\sim}0.156$, and $0.018{\sim}0.050$ ppm, respectively, and pyrazophos was not detected either and the detection frequencies were 42, 17, and 13%, respectively. While in spring samples of 1997, the residual amounts of dichlorvos, acephate, and cypermethrin were $0.014{\sim}0.064$, $0.033{\sim}0.061$, and $0.019{\sim}0.068$ ppm, respectively, and deltamethrin was not detected. The detection frequencies were 75, 13, and 8%, respectively. In fall samples, on the other hand, those of the above pesticides were $0.013{\sim}0.062$, 0.015, and $0.009{\sim}0.013$ ppm, respectively, and deltamethrin was not detected either. The detection frequencies were 88, 4, and 17%, respectively. Almost all of the samples turned out to be non-toxic to silkworms, except that one sample (No. 10, spring 1997) contaminated by a high concentration of cypermethrin (0.068 ppm) was judged to do harm to silkworms. In the GC analyses, the selection of columns, the change in column temperature, and the use of MSD made the separation and identification of the vague compounds possible.

  • PDF

Residual Characteristics of Some Pyrethroid Insecticides in Korean Cabbage (Pyrethroid계 살충제의 배추 중 잔류특성)

  • Kim, Dae-Kyu;Kim, Joo-Kwang;Lee, Eun-Young;Park, In-Young;Noh, Hyun-Ho;Park, Young-Soon;Kim, Tae-Hwa;Jin, Chung-Woo;Kim, Kwang-Ill;Yun, Sang-Soon;Oh, Sang-Kyun;Kyung, Kee-Sung
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.11 no.3
    • /
    • pp.154-163
    • /
    • 2007
  • In order to elucidate the residual characteristics of some pyrethroid insecticides commonly used for Korean cabbage, such as bifentbrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and deltametbrin, the test pesticides were sprayed onto the crop at recommended rate and doubled rate of the recommendation. Their detection limits were 0.004 mg $kg^{-1}$ and mean recoveries at the fortification levels of 0.04 and 0.2 mg $kg^{-1}$ were from 95.16 to 99.32 and from 86.81 to 103.73%, respectively. Half-lives were from 2.5 to 3.6 at the recommended rate and from 2.3 to 3.9 days at the doubled rate of the recommendation. Initial residue amounts of bifenthrin and lambda-cyhalothrin at the recommended rate and doubled rate of recommendation and of deltamethrin at the recommended rate were less than their MRL, whereas, in case of deltamethrin sprayed at doubled rate of the recommendation, the residue level exceeded its MRL. However, the residue levels of the pesticides in the crop sampled at harvest were less than their maximum residue levels and the ratios of the estimated daily intake (EDI) to acceptable daily intake (ADI) for the pesticides tested calculated from the residue data at harvest were less than 7%, suggesting that these pesticides would be safe for Korean cabbage from the residue concern.

Toxicological and Electrophysiological Activities of Pyrethroids between Larvae of Diamondback Moth, plutella xylostella and Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (배추좀나방과 파밤나방의 pyrethroids약제에 대한 감수성 및 전기적 신경 반응 비교)

  • Ham, Sun-Hee;Ahn, Hee-Geun;Yang, Jeong-Oh;Yoon, Chang-Mann;Kim, Gil-Hah
    • The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
    • /
    • v.13 no.3
    • /
    • pp.197-202
    • /
    • 2009
  • Based on the insecticidal efficacy by insecticide treatment methods, neurophysiological responses were compared with the larvae of diamondback moth (DBM) and beet armyworm (BAW) using pyrethroids working on nervous system. By body spray method, all pyrethroids were showed lower insecticidal activity below 50% on the larvae of DBM and BAW. By leaf dipping method, DBM larvae were showed the insecticidal activity as 100% at 50 ppm deltamethrin, 80.0% at fenvalervate and 63.3% at permethrin. However, BAW larvae were showed lower insecticidal activity as similar as control in all concentration. In order to examine electrophysiological response on nervous system on DBM and BAW larvae when treated three insecticides, we investigated the voltage and reaction degree. The voltage of DBM were responded as high as $10^{-7}M$ in deltamethrin, $10^{-5}M$ in fenvalerate and $10^{-3}M$ in permethrin. However, those of BAW were showed dull responses with small variation of voltage to all three insecticides.