• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.214-227
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• 2008

Today's dynamic competitiveness requires an organization to improve its performance measurement and management. Quality Management Systems (QMS) abound, the main ones being: ISO series, Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award (MBNQA), European Forum for Quality Management (EFQM), Six Sigma Business Scorecard and the Balanced Scorecard. Based on the literature, the IPMMM (Integrated Performance Measurement and Management Model) identified 7 key synthesized factors: leadership, strategy management and policy, customer and market, learning and growth, partnership and resources, internal processes and business results that are employed to investigate the key performance indicators of a car assembler using the Delphi methodology. In the 2 rounds of Delphi panels consisting of 20 senior management personnel, the $1^{st}$ round of 198 indicators in the IPMMM yielded 90 indicators. The $2^{nd}$ round yielded 43 performance indicators with 18 rated as critical based on the % assigned in the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ priority rating of "very important factor" and "key performance indicator" that must be ranked high on both of the priorities. The very critical indicators appeared to be: defect percentage and first time capability (tie in $1^{st}$ place) and revenue, goal setting, customer satisfaction index, on-time delivery, brand image, return on investment, Claim Occurrence Ratio, and debt being ranked from $3^{rd}$ to $10^{th}$. It can be surmised that an organization can identify and develop an appropriate set of performance indicators through the Delphi methodology and implement and manage them based on the Balanced Scorecard.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.16-30
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• 2021

Objectives: The aim of this study was to establish a clear diagnostic definition of Sanhupung using the Delphi method. Methods: This study used the Delphi technique. A panel consisting of 21 experts of Korean medicine, particularly in of gynecologic medicine, participated in the Delphi examination that included answering the 4th round survey. The Delphi examination was carried out through evaluating and correcting the questionnaire by e-mail. Results: Through the Delphi survey, we have reached on an agreement regarding the basic concepts, time, cause, essential symptoms, and accessory symptoms of Sanhupung. They are as follows: 1) Sanhupung is a culture bound syndrome reflecting Korea's cultural specificity. 2) Sanhupung can be diagnosed even after the miscarriage. 3) For the diagnosis of Sanhupung, the main cause of symptoms should not be classified as other disease. 4) Sanhupung can be diagnosed based on essential symptoms and accessory symptoms. 5) Essential symptoms include local symptoms such as joint pain at specific areas, partial sensory impairment and general symptoms including pain of all the joints, whole body sensory impairment, increased sweating, feeling of wind coming into the body, worsened symptoms with the cold, intolerance to cold, and pain of all the muscles. Conclusions: The basic concepts and diagnostic definition of Sanhupung were suggested based on the Delphi survey among experts in the field. Further research is necessary to improve reliability and validity of diagnostic definition of Sanhupung in clinical trials.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.83-89
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate expert opinions on the questions contained in a questionnaire for diagnosing blood stasis accompanying metabolic disorders. Methods : Two rounds of Delphi survey were conducted online targeting on one hundred Korean medicine doctors. Respondents rated the appropriateness of the 30 questions in diagnosing metabolic disorder on a five-point scale, anchored at '5 = very appropriate', '4 = appropriate', '3 = somewhat appropriate', '2 = inappropriate', and '1 = very inappropriate'. Results : The mean score on 30 questions of first and second Delphi survey was 3.26 points and 3.31 points, respectively. The ranking of the top 10 questions that were rated as appropriate for diagnosing blood stasis accompanying metabolic disorder were 'sublingual varices', 'reddish black tongue', 'reddish black gum', 'reddish black lips', ''dark purple palatal mucosa and venous edema', 'night pain, 'ecchymosis of the tongue', 'piercing pain', 'ecchymosis of the skin' and 'prolonged numbness'. Conclusions : The experts agreed that three of the most typical symptoms of blood stasis and the conditions of capillary vessels in the tongue or the oral cavity were highly associated with metabolic disorder, whereas the questions related to abdominal pain lacked an association with metabolic disorders.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.17-30
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of a instrumental activities of daily living training program called grocery shopping for schizophrenic patients in Delphi. Methods : The final program items and contents were completed through the first and third delphi surveys from August 2018 to March 2019. The expert composition selected 26 occupational therapists related to mental health. Three surveys were conducted and 23 experts participated in the Delphi survey. The second questionnaire, which was created from an open questionnaire, was designed to indicate the degree of importance using the Likert 5-point scale. As a result of the response of the 3rd questionnaire, the level of expert consensus was reconfirmed by analyzing average, standard deviation, and content validity ratio (CVR). Results : Three rounds of Delphi research reveal four categories of questions: grocery shopping views, product purchase strategies, necessary functions, and expert knowledge and experience on how to make purchase decisions. 24 items were selected. Through the 2nd and 3rd Delphi surveys, 4 items that did not meet the criteria of goodness of fit of each item or duplicated the contents were deleted and finally 20 items were extracted. Conclusion : Experts' agreement on grocery shopping technology was drawn from an occupational therapy perspective so that patients with schizophrenia living in the community could recover and participate as a member of society.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.64-86
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• 2015

The objective of this study is to develop NCS-based vocational curriculum procedures developing models recognized by experts in the National Skill Standards and to verify them. As for a research method for efficiently achieving this study, Delphi research has been conducted three times based on the result of preliminary Delphi investigation, contents of in-depth interview (review and advice), and consideration of previous studies and literature research related to NCS in Korea and abroad. Major results of study in regard of validation of NCS-based vocational curriculum procedures developing models recognized by experts of National Skill Standards are as follows. First, validity of conceptual model(plan) of NCS-based vocational curriculum developing procedures was verified. According to the result of implementing it on 10 members of verification for Delphi preliminary investigation tools, the average was higher than 4.70, and validity of contents was turned out to be outstanding in 1.00. Secondly, validity of conceptual model(plan) of NCS-based vocational curriculum developing procedures was verified by using Delphi preliminary investigation tools. According to the result of verifying it in order on 10 members of verification for Delphi preliminary investigation tools, validity of contents on questions in each area from the development procedures model(plan) was all 1.00, and appropriateness of contents on the components was turned out to be outstanding in 1.00. In addition, validity of contents on interrelation and comprehensiveness of components in the development procedures model(plan) was all turned out to be very satisfying in 1.00. Third, Delphi investigation was implemented in three rounds on 26 Delphi panel members for the verification. As a result consistency rate of interrelation and comprehensiveness among questions in each area of development procedures model(plan), components on the contents, and elements was turned out to be outstanding in .75 from all of three rounds. Here, consistency rate from all three rounds was turned out to be 1.00, and convergence rate was shown to be .00 that very well satisfied the conditions(except for 1 question out of 29). Therefore, it was confirmed that opinion from Delphi panel members was completely consistent in the third round of Delphi investigation research. Such a result in the study was from how Delphi selection criteria were strictly reinforced, and, at the same time, implies how will of participation of Delphi panel members was important.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.56-65
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• 2018

With rapid advance of technologies including information and communication technologies, jobs are evolving faster than ever. Architectural engineering is no exception in this regard, and the green architectural engineering is emerging fast as a promising new field. In this study, a Delphi study of expert architectural engineers are conducted to find out (1) near future prospects of the field, (2) near future emerging jobs, (3) competencies needed for these jobs, and (4) educational content necessary to build these competencies with regards to the green architectural engineering. Initial Delphi survey consisting of open-ended questions in the above four areas were conducted and came out with 65 items after duplicate removal and semantic refinements. Further refinements via second and third wave of Delphi results into 40 items that the 13 architectural engineering experts may largely agree upon as future prospects with regards to the green architectural engineering. Findings indicate that it is expected that the demand for green architectural engineering and needs for automatic energy control system increase. Also, collaborations with other fields is becoming more and more important in green architectural engineering. The professional work management skills such as knowledge convergence, problem solving, collaboration skills, and creativity linking components from various related areas seem to also be on the increasing need. Near future ready critical skills are found to be the building environment control techniques (thermal, light, sound, and air), the data processing techniques like data mining, energy monitoring, and the control and utilization of environmental analysis software. Experts also agree on new curriculum for green building architecture to be developed with more of converging subjects across disciplines for future ready professional skills and experiences. Major topics to be covered in the near future includes building environment studies, building energy management, energy reduction systems, indoor air quality, global environment and natural phenomena, and machinery and electrical facility. Architectural engineering community should be concerned with building up the competencies identified in this Delphi preparing for fast advancing future.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 2014

This study is focused to find the ways to improve the effective BIM introduction plan on school building construction by Delphi Technique. For this, the questionnaire is made by in-depth interviews of 10 BIM specialists, the survey of other 30 experts was carried out. The results of 30 experts Delphi survey are as followed. (1) The haptic effect of BIM introduction is very rare as lack of awareness and information on BIM. (2) Problems are arising from deficiency of training and experience on BIM. (3) Practical utilizations of BIM are very useful. (4) Barriers of the spread of BIM are high cost and insufficient environments. (5) The development potential of BIM is high. In order to activate the BIM market, the introduction of an accurate evaluation criteria and rational cost calculation standard are needed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2006

Purpose: To identify the agreed opinion of experts on oriental health promotion services and nursing in Korea. Method: The study is based on the 3-round Delphi method. As a Delphi panel, a total of 28 people with at least three years of experience in the area of oriental medicine consisted of this. Results: The experts suggested that Yangsaeng, lectures on prevention of CVA, correct understanding of the misuse/abuse of oriental medicine, daily health care, meridian/acupoints massage, and Kigong therapy should be included in the promoting oriental health nursing servies. Conclusion: The agreed opinions by the experts on the oriental health promotion services and nursing, can help enhance the understanding of oriental health promotion. The curriculum should be developed further and tested with the development of the Korean oriental nursing intervention methods which is appropriate to Korean culture.

• Architectural research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-76
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to suggest policies to improve the price escalation system in a construction contract through a Policy Delphi technique. The Delphi, including two times questionnaires and a group discussion, was conducted by joining 14 experts. Also, the escalation provisions of various countries were examined. Results of the Delphi showed that the minimum fluctuation rate for price escalation was desirable at a level of 3%. To compute the fluctuation rate, calculating the price fluctuation of overall articles was more desirable than using price indices. A bidding date was more reasonable as the initial date of change in price. Losses caused by price change should be shared between contractor and owner; therefore a deduction rate should be introduced in price escalation. Meanwhile, overhead and profit should be adjusted in proportion to the fluctuation rate; but advance payment or the delayed construction amount should be deducted from the adjusted amount.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.5 s.153
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• pp.733-741
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• 2006

This study was to investigate categories of valuation and make the standard on developing valuation of natural dyes by Delphi method. The three-round Delphi tests were performed with 36 professional in the academic, the industrial, and the art field.'Dyeability property' meant levelling, adsorption, color diversity with mordant, color stability, 'marketability', possibility of mass production, economical efficiency, functionality, demand and supply of natural dyes, 'color', yield, beautiful color, value of color and 'color fastness', washing, perspiration and light fastness. Indigo, persimmon, cochineal, safflower and onion in dyeability property were evaluated highly, functional natural dyes in marketability, red and purple color ones except indigo in color and ones containing tannin in color fastness.