• 중소기업융합학회논문지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2016

IT 기술 및 비즈니스의 급속한 발전에 따라 새로운 서비스를 고객에게 제공하기 위한 노력이 증가하고 있으며, 신속한 서비스 제공을 위해 기존의 레거시 시스템에 대한 개선 및 확장이 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 이로 인하여 기존 레거시 시스템에 대한 소스 코드의 품질 확보는 서비스 요구에 신속히 대응할 수 있는 핵심적인 기술 요소가 되었다. 리팩토링은 기존 레거시 코드에 대한 품질을 확보하기 위한 공학적 기술로서, 부가가치를 제공하는 레거시 시스템의 개선 및 확장에 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 레거시 시스템의 소스 코드 품질 향상을 위한 기존의 리팩토링 기법과 지원 도구에 대한 조사 분석을 통해 리팩토링 기법과 도구에 대한 특성을 제안한다. 제안하는 특성을 기반으로 서비스 개발자가 레거시 시스템의 소스 코드 품질 향상을 위하여 리팩토링을 수행하고자 하는 경우, 어떠한 기법과 도구를 활용할 것인가에 대한 가이드라인을 제공받을 수 있다. 이를 통해 보다 정확하고 시행착오 없는 레거시 시스템의 소스 코드 품질을 향상시킬 수 있으며, 새로운 서비스에 대한 신속한 대응도 가능하게 될 것이다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.106-116
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• 2016

MTO (Make to Order) is a manufacturing process in which manufacturing starts only after a customer's order is received. Manufacturing after receiving customer's orders means to start a pull-type supply chain operation because manufacturing is performed when demand is confirmed, i.e. being pulled by demand (The opposite business model is to manufacture products for stock MTS (Make to Stock), which is push-type production). There are also BTO (Build to Order) and ATO (Assemble To Order) in which assembly starts according to demand. Lean manufacturing by MTO is very efficient system. Nevertheless, the process industry, generally, which has a high fixed cost burden due to large-scale investment is suitable for mass production of small pieces or 'mass customization' defined recently. The process industry produces large quantities at one time because of the lack of manufacturing flexibility due to long time for model change or job change, and high loss during line-down (shutdown). As a result, it has a lot of inventory and costs are increased. In order to reduce the cost due to the characteristics of the process industry, which has a high fixed cost per hour, it operates a stock production system in which it is made and sold regardless of the order of the customer. Therefore, in a business environment where the external environment changes greatly, the inventory is not sold and it becomes obsolete. As a result, the company's costs increase, profits fall, and it make more difficult to survive in the competition. Based on the customer's order, we have built a new method for order system to meet the characteristics of the process industry by producing it as a high-profitable model. The design elements are designed by deriving the functions to satisfy the Y by collecting the internal and external VOC (voice of customer), and the design elements are verified through the conversion function. And the Y is satisfied through the pilot test verified and supplemented. By operating this make to order system, we have reduced bad inventories, lowered costs, and improved lead time in terms of delivery competitiveness. Make to order system in the process industry is effective for the display glass industry, for example, B and C groups which are non-flagship models, have confirmed that the line is down when there is no order, and A group which is flagship model, have confirmed stock production when there is no order.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1980

The editorials of the leading newspapers may reflect as well as help formulate the public opinions to a significant degree. Bearing this in mind, this study was carried out to provide information useful in formulating such public health policies that could practically meet the social interests and demands in health appearing in the editorials of the newspapers. This analysis covered the editorials of 5 leading newspapers such as Donga Ilbo, Chungang Ilbo, Hankook Ilto, Chosun Ilbo and Seoul Shinmoon for about 10 years from Jan. 1st, 1970 through Oct. 31th, 1979. The major findings are as follows: 1. The total number of health-concerned editorials in the five daily papers for the period was 1,768 or occupied 6.4% of the total editorials of the same sources. The increasing trend of frequnecy of the health-concerned editorials since 1976 indicates the increment of social interests and demands in health. Analysing the contents, environmental pollution received the greatest attention in those editorials, which was followed by medical affairs, environmental sanitation, and disease control in order in terms of frequency of appearance. However, there was a tendency that the interests in the environmental pollution, medical affairs and social welfare tended to increase year by year, whereas those in environmental hygiene and disease control comparatively decreased. 2. Motives of dealing with the health-concerned editorials were provided by announcement of the governmental policies and implementation for 25.6% and by out-breaks of the relevant events for 23.9%. This tendency coincides with the general characteristics of the editorials that reflect the timely issues. Closely analysing, however, the fact that the motives engendered by the out-breaks of the relevant events or by the season concerned comparatively tended to decrease as years pass by, indicates that the editorials tend more to seek the future-oriented demands in health rather than the current issue-oriented. 3. The editorials appeared to be more concerned with the governmental policies. 95.7% of all the editorials analysed were addressed to the government. This signifies the role of government in the field of public health and medical affairs. Their attitudes toward health-related policies of the government were much more negative than the other editorials that were addressed to the government in other fields. This suggests that the governmental interests in health were neither sufficient nor fair. 4. What the editorials most stressed were; (1) increment of governmental interests in health, (2) improvement of the governmental health administration, (3) enriching the basic statistics, and (4) development of various technologies pertinent to health affairs and disease control, and so forth. However, must of their suggestions were not concrete but rather abstract and conceptual. 5. The editorials also expressed strong interests in research area. The areas of the needed research most suggested by items are; (1) development of effective health care delivery system, (2) establishment of more practical system of calculating medical cost, (3) implementation of effective policies to control degenerative diseases, (4) division of medical care services and pharmaceutical services systems, (5) effective ways to prevent Co poisoning accidents, (6) changing status of environmental pollution and its effects upon health, and (7) status of occupational diseases, and so forth. 6. There were some editorials -not small in quantity -that have risk to mislead the public opinions as well as the health policies due to lack of professional knowledge of the writers. It is desirable to establish some kind of mechanism that screens the erroneous contents of the editorials to help prevent misleading opinions.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.100-124
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• 1997

In order to suggest the strategies for participation in the PPS(Prospective Payment System), analyses were performed based on variations in utilization pattern and changes in revenues of hospitals in 10 selected KDRGs. The data was collected from the claims data of a tertiary hospital in Kyunggido from September 1, 1995 to August 31, 1996. The studies consisted of 1, 718 inpatients diagnosed for lens procedures, tonsilectomy &/or adenoidectomy, appendectomy with complicated principal diagnosis, Cesarean section, or vaginal delivery without any complications. The resources used in each KDRG were measured including average length of stay, total charges, number of orders, intensity of medical services, frequencies of medical services, the rate of non-reimbursable charges, and the rate of non-reimbursable orders. Then, the changes in hopital revenues due to the composition of medical fee schedules under the PPS were estimated as follows: 1) The variations in average lenght of stay, total charges, number of orders, the intensity of medical services, the frequency of medical services, the rate of non-reimbursable charges, and the rate of non-reimbursable orders among the 10 KDRGs were comparatively small. 2) The average lenght of stay was the longest(6.0 days) for appendectomy with complicated principal diagnosis, while it was the shortest(2.1 days) for two vaginal deliveries. Statistically differences existed in the average length of stay among physicians and among the dates of admission in several KDRGs. 3) The total charges were the highest for lens procedures(1, 716, 000 won), while the lowest charges were for two vaginal deliveries(558, 000 won). Statistically differences in the total charges were found among physicians in several KDRGs: however, there were no differences with the dates of admission. 4) The number of orders was the greatest(155) for appendectomy with complicated principal diagnosis, while it was the smallest(75) for the two vaginal deliveries. Statistical differences in the number of orders did not exist among physicians in the KDRGs. 5) Significant differences were found in the intensity of medical services, and in the frequency of medical services among physicians in the KDRGs. 6) The rate of non-reimbursable charges for each KDRG was not related to the rate of non-reimbursable orders. The rate of non-reimbursable orders was the highest(36.0%) for lens procedures, while the lowest rate(11.6%) was for appendectomy with complicated principal diagnosis. The rate of non-reimbursable charges was the highest(39.4-39.7%) for vaginal deliveries, while the lowest rate(13.1%) was for tonsillectomy &/or adenoidectomy(<17 ages). 7) If the physician's practicing style were not change under the PPS, the hospital revenuses could be increased by 10%, and the portion of patient payment could be decreased by 1.4-22.4%. However, the non-reimbursable charges for showed little change between two reimbursement systems. Based upon the above findings, this hospital could be eligible for participation in the PPS(Prospective Payment Systm). However, the process of diagnosis and treatment should be standardized, inentifying methods to reduce cost and to assure quality of medical care. Furthermore, consideration should be given to finding ways to increase patient volume.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.182-201
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• 2001

This Study has attemped to compare the health care systems of South and North Korea. There has been a wide difference in the health care System between the South and North of Korea. In this paper, I have also shown that each health care system has its own unique response to the social, political, and economic conditions of the country. Therefore the author analyzed and summarized the important difference of health care system between the South and the North of Korea as follows. 1. Compared with the Laissez-faire health care system of South Korea, North Korea has the state socialistic health care system which provide health care services to the people free of charge. And the North Korea is marking positive efforts toward the scientification and systemization of Oriental Medicine which is called Dongui-Hak in the North-on the basis of Ju-Che idea. 2. North Korea's health care system appears to be strongly geared toward extensive and preventive treatment and launched the massive sanitary propagation campaign. which have resulted in a great success. North Korea has a system of universal comprehensive care for its population. The government has a central role in planning and regulating health care. 3. The government also employs physicians, nurses, and other professionals to provide health care to patients at public expense. In North Korea, health professionals are government employees. They work for a salary and the system is funded through general taxation. 4. In the North Korea, health services area system of the cities and countre's unit is strictly conducted along with the doctor's area responsibility system. And so without referal card, patients can not use the upper-grade medical facilities. The health care delivery system of North Korea is made up of the fourth level procedue unlike South Korea. 5. General office of Oriental Medicine, Academy of Oriental Medical Science and Guidance Bureau of Oriental Medicine are established in the organization of the Department of Health in the North Korea. And nowadays much emphasis are equally placed on the Oriental Medicine as well as Western Medicine. Both South and North Korea have faced with a critical moment of developing a mutually agreeable and acceptable system of health care for the unified nation.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.71-83
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• 2017

최근에는 프로세스 마이닝의 최대 강점을 활용함으로써, 기업 조직의 감사 업무에 적극적으로 활용하기 위한 다양한 연구 활동이 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 한편 기업 조직의 중요한 경영 활동중의 하나인 구매 부문 감사 시 빅 데이터 환경 하에서 생성된 방대한 데이터를 프로세스 마이닝을 이용하여 체계적이고 효율적으로 분석하고 감사 측면에서 위험 관리 사전 모니터링 하는 관련 연구는 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 기업현장에서 발생되는 대량의 데이터들을 단순하게 사후에 모니터링하는 수준에서 벗어나 기업의 구매 부문에서 이상 징후들을 사전에 탐지하고 사고를 미리 방지하기 위하여 하둡 기반의 내부 감사 통합 실시간 모니터링 시스템을 구현하고자 한다. 이렇게 구현된 시스템을 통해 발주한 구매 자재의 납기관리 강화, 구매원가 절감, 경쟁력 있는 협력업체 관리, 사기 발생 억제, 규정준수, 내부통제 회계제도 준수 및 강화를 실현하고자 한다. 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위해 프로세스 마이닝을 이용하여 데이터를 효율적으로 분석하고 하둡기반의 시스템을 구축함으로써 이 결과로 구매감사 통합 실시간 모니터링 방식을 활용하여 실시간으로 실행할 수 있는 정보 제공이 가능하게 되었다. 또한, 통합적인 관점에서 입체적으로 업무 상태를 관리할 수 있게 되었고, 상시 모니터링 보다 대량의 작업을 실시간에 빠른 속도로 처리하게 됨으로써 구매 감사 품질개선 및 구매 프로세스 혁신의 효과가 나타났다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.13-28
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• 2001

주문형 비디오 시스템에서, 비디오 데이터는 일반적으로 자기 디스크 배열에 저장된다. 데이터 검색을 위한 실시간 요구사항을 제공하기 위하여 연속적인 매체의 전달이 시간적으로 보장되도록 비디오 스트림들이 클라이언트들에게 연속적으로 전달되어야 한다. 프로세서와 네트워크의 증가된 성능에 비교하면, 자기 디스크 시스템의 성능은 단지 약간만 개선되었을 뿐이다. 저장 시스템의 성능을 개선하기 위하여 더스크 배열 시스템이 제안되어 사용되고 있다. 배열 시스템은 디스크들을 병렬로 배치하고 데이터를 동시에 검색함으로써 입출력 성능을 개선한다. 본 논문에서는, VOD 시스템에서의 비디오 데이터를 접근하기 위하여 고정 시간 길이(CTL : Constant Time Length)와 고정 데이터 길이 (CDL: Constant Data Length) 두 가지 액세스 정책을 고려하였다. 디스크 스케줄링 정책도 그 두 개의 범주로 분류하고, 데이터 액세스 정책과 디스크 스케줄링 정책을 동시에 고려한 통합 환경에서, 디스크 배열의 동기화 정도에 따른 최대 허용 비디오 스트림수에 대하여 비교하였다. 비교된 스케쥴링 정책 중에서 LOOK이 제일 우수함을 보여주고 있고, 동기화 정도별로는 동기화가 커질수록 이득이 있었다. CTL과 CDL의 성능 비교에서는 CTL이 최대 허용 스트림 수 측면에서 약간 우수한 성능을 보여줌을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.231-244
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• 2000

Parish nursing is a community health nursing role developed in 1983 by Lutheran Chaplain Granger Westberg. An increasing emphasis on holistic care, personal responsibility for a healthy lifestyle, and changes in healthcare delivery systems have undoubtedly facilitated the establishment of an innovative nursing role in the community. Parish nurses are functioning in a variety of church congregations of various denominations. The parish nurse is a educator, a personal health counselor, a coordinator of volunteers. The parish nurses helps people relate to the complexed medical care system and assists people to integrate faith and health. The purpose of this study is to investigate what the korean parishioners want in parish nursing and what type of role expectation from parish nurse. The subjects were 1138 parishioners of 23 churches of various denominations in nationwide Korea. Data were collected by self-reported question naires from Feb 4 to June 25. 1999. The data were analyzed by using percentage. frequency. $x^2-test$. multiple Response set with SPSS program. The results are as follows: 1. Desired parish nursing contents by parish nurses are: psychological counselling(23.4%) out of private counselling. stress management(21.1 %) out of private health education. Emergency care(14.1%) out of group health education. Blood Pressure check-ups (19.0%) out of Health check ups. home visiting(44.9%) out of patient visiting method. B T. pulse, respiration and blood pressure check(15.0%) in Care to serve in home visiting. spiritual preparation to accept the death(41.7%) in hospice care, advices to choice of medical treatment using guide(50.1%) in introducing and guiding of health care facilities, pray(21.7%) in spiritual care' faith support. 2. Desired Health Teaching Content According to Period of Clients by Parish Nurse are: Vaccination(22.5%) in infant and toddler health management. sexual education(25.3%) in adolescent health management. prenatal care (29.5%) in pregnant health management. osteoporosis prevention and management (22.4%) in Middle aged health management. dementia prevention and management(25.5%) in elderly health management. 3. The expectant role from parish nurse is spiritual care faith support(14.1%). patient visiting care(13.2%), hospice care(12.9%), private counseling(12.8%), health check ups (11.1 %), volunteer organization and training out of believer(11.0%), private health education (9.3%), group health education (8.3%). 4. In Necessity of Performing Parish Nursing according to Region, Most(over 95%) responded that nursing program is needed. so there is no significance between regions. In Performing Parish Nursing in their church, Most(92.2%) responded they want to perform program. 5. In case of performing parish nursing, 52% out of the subjects responded they want to participated in parish nursing volunteer's activity, for example. to be in active to be a companion to chat(42.1%), necessity support (25.3%), donation support(25.0%), exercise support(18.2%), vehicles support (9.9%). As a result. in holistic care and spiritual care, the need of parish nursing and the role expectation from parish nurse are very high among korean believers. Therefore, I suggest parish nursing centering around Taegu and Kyungbuk province should be extended to nationwide. For extending parish nursing program. more active advertisement and research is needed. After performing parish nursing program through out the country, further comparative research between regions should be practiced and Korean parish nursing program will be developed and activated.

• 정보처리학회논문지:컴퓨터 및 통신 시스템
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• 제2권6호
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• pp.265-278
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• 2013

최근 다양한 무선 통신기술이 발전됨에 따라 네트워크 자원을 효율적으로 사용하기 위하여 모바일 멀티캐스트 기법의 중요성이 부각되고 있다. 기존에는 멀티캐스트 서비스를 위한 네트워크 전달 비용적 측면과 멀티캐스트 핸드오버 지연 최소화에 중점을 두고 모바일 IP기반의 다양한 멀티캐스팅 기법들이 제안되었다. 그러나 호스트 기반의 이동성 관리 기술인 MIPv6(Mobile IPv6)를 이용한 기법들은 근본적으로 핸드오버의 지연과 터널 컨버전스 문제를 해결하기 어렵다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해서 네트워크 기반의 이동성 관리 기술인 PMIPv6(Proxy Mobile IPv6)를 표준화하였다. PMIPv6는 MIPv6에 비해서 성능이 향상되었지만 여전히 핸드오버 지연과 터널 컨버전스 등의 문제를 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 한계를 해결하기 위하여 PMIPv6 네트워크에서 멀티캐스팅을 지원하는 저비용의 빠른 이동성관리를 위한 LFH(Low-Cost and Fast Handoff) 기법을 제안한다. 복잡한 멀티캐스트 라우팅 프로토콜과 멀티캐스트 구성원 메시지의 상호작용을 줄이기 위해 간소화된 MLD(Multicast Listener Discovery) 프록시 기능을 구현하고 MLD 기능을 수정한다. 그리고 LMA(Local Mobility Anchor) 도메인 내에서의 멀티캐스트 핸드오버 절차와 도메인 간에서의 멀티캐스트 핸드오버 절차에 TCR(Tunnel Combination and Reconstruction) 알고리즘을 사용하여 터널 컨버전스 문제를 해결한다. 그 결과 LFH 기법의 성능이 다른 멀티캐스트 방식과 비교하여 멀티캐스트 중단시간을 줄여주어 더 적은 비용이 든다는 것을 보여준다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 실시간으로 화물차량의 위치와 상태정보가 의사결정자에게 전달되며 핸드폰 등을 이용하여 의사결정자와 운전자의 쌍방향 의사소통이 가능한 시스템 하에서 동적으로 들어오는, 즉 미리 알 수 없는 운송의뢰에 대하여 즉각적으로 최적의 차량운행 계획을 수립하고 이를 새로운 정보에 따라 지속적으로 개선할 수 있는 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 이러한 동적 시스템 하에서 운송의뢰의 성격은 TL(truckload)로 한정하였으며 각 화물은 출발지, 도착지 그리고 배송에 대한 시간제약이 주어진다. 의사결정자는 이러한 화물에 대한 정보를 미리 알지 못하며 인터넷이나 전화 등의 매체를 이용하여 운송의뢰가 들어오는 즉시 운송가능여부를 응답하고 주어진 운송의뢰를 최적의 차량에 배당하며 각 차량에 대한 최적의 운송계획을 수립한다. 이러한 차량의 운송계획은 새로운 정보나 상황에 따라 변화할 수 있다. 이러한 동적 문제에 대하여 본 논문에서는 휴리스틱적 방법론과 최적화 기법의 장점을 취합한 2단계 하이브리드 알고리즘을 제시하고 대규모의 차량군을 다룰 수 있는 기법을 개발하였다. 또한 제안된 다양한 알고리즘에 대하여 시뮬레이션을 통한 실험결과를 제시한다.