• Hip & pelvis
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.202-209
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• 2018

Atypical femoral fractures differ from ordinary femoral diaphyseal or subtrochanteric fractures in several aspects. Although several authors have reported the results of surgical treatment for atypical femoral fractures, the rate of complications (e.g., delayed union, nonunion, fixation failure, and reoperation) is still high. Therefore, we reviewed principles of surgical treatment and describe useful methods for overcoming femoral bowing in these high-risk patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.428-434
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• 2020

Orbital floor blowout fractures can result in a variety of signs and symptoms depending on the severity of the bone defect. Large defects often result in enophthalmos and restriction of ocular movement; yet the timing of surgery can be delayed up to two weeks with good functional outcomes. In contrast, an orbital trapdoor defect with entrapment of the inferior rectus muscle usually elicits pain with marked restriction of the upward gaze and activation of the oculocardiac reflex without significant dystopia or enophthalmos. When autonomic cardiac derangement is diagnosed along with an orbital floor fracture, it has been suggested that the fracture should be treated immediately. Otherwise, it will result in continued hemodynamic instability and muscular injury and may require a second surgery. This article reports the management of an unusual presentation of a trapdoor blowout orbital floor fracture surgery with oculocardiac response in an adult, with emphasis on its pathophysiology, management, and differential diagnosis.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.63-69
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• 2000

This study investigates a new method of using a concrete disk to calculate stress intensity factor (SIF) for mixed mode cases. The results indicate that the disk method is more accurate than three point bending test (TPB) in obtaining correct SIF values for mixed mode fracture propagation. Stress intensity factors $K_{I}$ and $K_{II}$ are calculated using a center notched disk subjected to splitting load. The notch angle is calculated by finite element (FEM). Fracture toughness $K_\textsc{k}$ of the concrete is obtained from the load intensities at the initiation of crack propagation. According to the finite element analysis(FEA) and disk test, the results show that mode I and mixed mode cracks propagate toward the directions of crack face and loading point, respectively. The results from FEA with maximum stress theory compare well with the experimental date. Unlike TPB method where an accurate fracture toughness value is difficult to obtain due to the irregular shape of load deflection curve and delayed final crack propagation (following slow stable cracking). fracture toughness value is easily measured in the disk test from the crack initial load. Therefore, it is safe to conclude that disk method is more advantageous than TPB method in analyzing combined mode fracture problems.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.93-98
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• 2000

Unpredictable failures can occur due to the DHC (delayed hydride cracking) or the degradation of fracture toughness by hydride embrittlement in CANDU pressure tube which can result from the absorption of hydrogen or deuterium in the high temperature coolant. To investigate the hydride embrittlement of CANDU Zr-2.5Nb pressure tube, the transverse tensile test and the fracture toughness test were performed from room temperature to $300^{\circ}C$ using three different specimens which have an AR (As Received), 100, and 200 ppm hydrogen. As the amount of absorbed hydrogen was increased, the transverse yield strength and the ultimate tensile strength were also increased. In addition, as the test temperature became higher they were decreased linearly. While, at room temperature, the hydrogenbsorbed specimens represented the embrittlement which resulted in sudden decreasing of fracture toughness, the fracture characteristics became ductile such as AR specimen at high temperatures. Through the observation of fracture surface using SEM, it was found that the stress state of mixed mode could be related to the fissure which was believed to decrease the global fracture toughness.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.388-399
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• 1993

The adequate treatment of tibia fracture is one of the most difficult due to severe commiuntion, open wound, delayed union, angulation deformity and infection. We treated 38 fractures of the tibia by Interlocking intramedullary nail from Feb. 1983 to Mar. 1993, 35 cases of the tibia fracture were fresh, 13 cases of fracture were open. The other 3 cases were delayed union and nonunion. The Mean follow-up was 14.0 months. The results were as followings. 1. Of the 38 fractures, 37 fractures united and the mean union time was 18.7 weeks. 2. Interlocking intramedullary nail could be used to the majority of fractures of the proximal & distal tibia shaft fractures. 3. The Interlocking nail had rigid rotational stability and was appropriate for the treatment in severe unstable fractures, commninution and open with bone loss. 4. Delayed union or nonunion was a good indication for intramedullary nailling. 5. The major complication were valgus deformity of 2 cases, varus deformity of 1 case, 1 case deep infection. 6. Interlocking intramedullary nailing provided rigid fixation of fracture and then made early joint motion exercise and ambulation.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.1050-1054
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• 2000

Objective : The incidence of head injury has been increasing in the rural area. The author investigated the clinical features and difficulties in care of the acute head-injured patients in this area. Method and Material : The authors performed a retrospective review of radiological data and clinical records in patients with mild to moderate head injury. Cause, type of craniocerebral injury, delayed intracranial lesions, complications, its relation to alcohol abuse, and outcome were analyzed. Results : In total of 68 cases, 20(29.4%) victims were associated with acute alcohol intoxication. Motor vehicle accident was the leading cause of head injury and the most common craniocerebral lesion was basilar skull fracture. Eight(11.8%) patients showed delayed radiological and clinical deterioration and 40(58.8%) were followed-up regularly after discharge. The subdural hygroma was commonly noted in the elderly and alcoholics. Causes of thirty events that resulted in an atypical and difficult neurosurgical practice were as follows : delayed admission, premature discharge against doctor's request, refusal of radiological studies and admission, misunderstanding of disease entity, and unreasonable desire of transfer to tertiary hospitals. Inaccurate initial diagnoses were made by emergency doctors in twenty patients. During the course of treatment, there were a few complications such as alcohol withdrawal, acute otitis media, cerebrospinal fistula, facial weakness, and posttraumatic seizure. Outcome was good in 60(88.2%) patients. Conclusion : Most of minor head trauma patients in this series have shown good results, but we have to consider some possible complications and delayed intracranial lesions in these patients that should be managed with special cautions with various kinds of treatment difficulties.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.135-137
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• 2016

A 6-month-old, weighing 2.8 kg, female, domestic short-haired cat presented with open fracture at right distal radius about a month ago. Based on radiological findings, hyperplasia at the right radioulna and left humerus was found. Results of the cytological examination were inflammatory reaction and reactive osteoblast. Distal radial ostectomy proceeded with necrotic bone debridement. Three weeks after operation, the radial bone lysis was seen on radiograph but clinical condition improved. Hyperplasia at the right radioulna and left humerus was dissolved. Two months after operation, she can use her both forelimbs despite right elbow have been diagnosed as arthrosclerosis because of periosteal reaction. Six months after operation, clinical symptoms of limbs were not detected. In this case, open fracture was treated through delayed surgical debridement procedure, therefore hematogenous osteomyelitis occurs at another forelimb. The longer a wound remains open, the more likely it is that infection will develop. The infection can occur to fracture bone and seed from hematogenous spread to another normal bone. In conclusion, when open fracture occurs, early antibiotic treatment and urgent surgical intervention are recommended.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 2022

The risk of stress fractures is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can aggravate bone loss. We report the case of a patient who was on long-term medication for RA presenting with lower extremity pain on the left and swelling without trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging and plain radiographs at the previous hospital showed no signs of fracture, but radiographs performed later, revealed a stress fracture of the left distal tibia. The stress fracture may have occurred due to multiple reasons such as long-term use of methotrexate and glucocorticoids, active RA, postmenopausal state, and immobility. Suspicion of a stress fracture should not be ruled out especially in RA patients with persistent pain, even if the radiographical findings are normal. Additional imaging and follow-ups are essential. The patient's pain was relieved with Korean medicine treatments, which suggests their potential application for stress fractures in RA patients.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.315-321
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• 1999

Vitamin D is one of important factors involved in the regulation of bone metabolism. In osteoporosis, the therapeutic effect of vitamin D on the healing process of fracture has still been controversial. These studies were designed to understand the healing process of normal fibular fracture and the therapeutic effects of $1\alpha$, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol on the osteoporotic fracture in rats. The simple transverse fractures of rat fibulae were produced with a rotating diamond saw. The histological and ultrastructural changes of rats were observed. The histological and ultrastructural studies revealed the healing of the fibular fracture in the 5th week after simple transverse fracture. The osteoporosis impaired more the healing of osteoporotic fibular fracture than normal non-osteoporotic fibular fracture. The healing process of osteoporotic fracture was facilitated by the treatment with $1\alpha$, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol, however, was delayed more than the healing process of normal fracture. These results suggest that $1\alpha$, 25 dihydroxycholecalciferol was effective for reducing the deleterious effects of osteoporosis in fracture healing.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.33-39
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• 2011