• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.5 s.83
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• pp.175-189
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop a standardized scale to measure consumption self-regulation. A preliminary 38-item scale was developed through a literature review. One thousand-twelve consumers responded to an online survey using the preliminary scale. A series of tests, such as test-retest, item-to-total correlation, Cronbach's reliability coefficient and factor analysis, were conducted using the survey data and a final scale comprising 30 items was then constructed. The consumption self-regulation scale consisted of four factors: (1) impulse control, (2) gratification delay, (3)self-reliance, and (4) self-management.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.254-267
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of brain-wave biofeedback training nursing intervention (NFT) upon enhancing self-regulation response in adolescence with emotional behavior problems in school. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted. The participants were assigned to the experimental group (n=24) or the control group (n=24). The experimental group additionally received NFT. The NFT was conducted 10 sessions for 30 minutes per session with the band reward and inhibit training which matched their Quantitative Electroencephalography (QEEG), participant's demand and chief complaint. Data were collected with QEEG and heart rate variability (HRV) in physiological response, self-efficacy in cognitive response, depression in emotional response, impulsivity and delay gratification in behavioral response of self-regulation. Results: The general characteristics and the pre-test scores of two groups were all homogeneous. The experimental group was reported to be significantly higher in QEEG homeostasis, HRV homeostasis, self-efficacy, and delay gratification than the control group. The experimental group was reported to be significantly lower in depression and impulsivity. Conclusion: The results indicate that NFT using brain cognitive neuroscience approach is effective in enhancing self-regulation response. Therefore, this nursing intervention using brain cognitive neuroscience approach can be applied as an effective self-regulation nursing intervention for adolescents with emotional behavior problems in communities for adaptive life.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.11-21
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to identify the degree of occupational therapist's professional ethics and to examine the correlation between professional ethics, job stress, and burnout. It also investigates the effects of the occupational therapist's professional ethics on job stress, and burn out, so that we can find a way to reduce them in occupational therapists. Methods : We conducted surveys from June 1 to July 5, 2022. The general characteristics were examined using a frequency analysis. Professional ethics, job stress, and burn out were examined using descriptive statistics. The correlation among them was analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. To find out what factors affect job stress and burn out, we also conducted a multiple regression analysis. Results : First, professional ethics was averaged at 3.57±.34. Second, a significant negative correlation in professional ethics was found between job stress and burn out (p<.01). As a result of the correlation between occupational ethics sub-factors and job stress and burnout, factors excluding nonleisure and self-reliance showed a statistically significant correlation (p<.01, p<.05). Third, professional ethics sub-factor was affected job stress and burn out (p<.01, p<.05). The sub-factors affecting job stress were hard work (𝛽=.-461, p<.01), delay of gratification (𝛽=.-267, p<.01), and relation with coworker (𝛽=.-245, p<.01) and morality (𝛽=.-165, p<.05); and those influencing burnout were delay of gratification (𝛽=-.240, p<.01), relation with coworker (𝛽=-.223, p<.01), centrality of work (𝛽=-.189, p<.01) and hard work (𝛽=-.184, p<.05). Conclusion : The results of this study confirmed the importance of professional ethics affecting job stress and burn out. Through follow-up research, it will be necessary to develop and apply programs to improve professional ethic of occupational therapists in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to identify the degree of work ethics of an occupational therapist and examine the correlation between work ethics and organizational commitment. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of occupational therapists' work ethics on organizational commitment. Through this study, we aim to determine the importance of work ethics and find a way to improve organizational commitment in occupational therapists. Methods : We conducted nationwide surveys on occupational therapists working in hospitals and other institutions from April 24, 2023 to May 30, 2023. We evaluated general characteristics, work ethics, and organizational commitment. General characteristics were analyzed using a frequency analysis. Work ethics and organizational commitment were examined using descriptive statistics. The correlation among work ethics and organizational commitment was analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Additionally, a multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify factors that affected organizational commitment. Results : The results of this study were as follows. First, the average score of work ethics was 3.32 ± .32. Second, a significant positive correlation was observed between work ethics and organizational commitment (p<.01). And as a result of the correlation between work ethics sub-factors and organizational commitment, wasted time (r=.261, p<.01), centrality of work (r=.366, p<.01), morality/ethics (r=.470, p<.01), leisure (r=.189, p<.05), delay of gratification (r=.410, p<.01), hard work (r=.437, p<.01), self-reliance (r=.233, p<.01) showed a statistically significant correlation. Third, the sub-factors of work ethics that influenced organizational commitment, including morality/ethics (𝛽=.302, p<.01), hard work (𝛽=.271, p<.01), and delay of gratification (𝛽=.205, p<.01) were identified. Conclusion : In conclusion, the results of this study underscore the importance of work ethics in influencing organizational commitment. Through this study, we recognized the importance of work ethics, which may serve as basic data to promote work ethics and improvement of organizational commitment.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.123-132
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• 2012

The current study examined 3- and 4-year-olds' affective decision-making in a variety of cultural contexts by comparing European Canadian children to Chinese Canadian, Hong Kong Chinese, and mainland Chinese children (N = 245). All children were tested with a delay of gratification task in which children chose between an immediate reward of lower value and a delayed reward of higher value. Results showed that Chinese Canadian and Hong Kong Chinese children chose more delayed rewards than European Canadian children, with mainland Chinese children showing a trend toward more delayed rewards. Across cultures, 4-year-olds chose more delayed rewards than 3-year-olds; and among 4-year-olds, girls made more such choices than boys. The findings are consistent with previous findings that exposure to Chinese culture is associated with better cool executive function, but they also highlight the importance of examining development across diverse cultural contexts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.29 no.9_10 s.146
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• pp.1306-1315
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• 2005

Impulse buying has been considered a pervasive and distinctive phenomenon in the modern lifestyle and has been receiving increasing attention from consumer researchers and theorists. In the modern marketplace, spontaneous urges to buy and consume often compete with the practical necessity to delay the immediate gratification that purchasing provides. The purpose of this study is to conceptualize and test the framework of impulse buying behavior for fashion products using structural equation model. Data were obtained from 413 students attending universities during schedules classes in Busan. Analysis of the data, utilizing AMOS 4.1, supported most of the predictions. The results showed that situational variable(time available) and individual variable(fashion involvement) have direct effects on consumers' shopping emotions, including positive and negative emotion. Positive emotions had effects on all types of impulse buying(planned impulse buying, reminded impulse buying, and fashion-oriented impulse buying), while negative emotion affected two types of impulse buying(reminded impulse buying and fashion-oriented impulse buying). These emotional experiences influence impulse buying behaviors for fashion products serving as critical mediators. The findings suggest that time available and fashion involvement are good predictors mediated by shopping emotion to impulse buying behavior for fashion products. The implications of this research for future work on the shopping emotion and impulse buying behavior are discussed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.329-340
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• 1997

Resourcefulness was analyzed by Walker and Avant's method to make a theoretical framework for nursing. Also, the appropriate Korean terminology was identified.“Resourcefulness”means the ability to use internal and external resources to eliminate or to control stress. '자원동원성' is chosen to be the most appropriate term to reflect the concept of resourcefulness. Upon the concept analysis, availability, controllability, confidence, and self-instruction were identified as the defining characteristics of resourcefulness. Contrary to other work, "availability" means the ability to use the social resources as well as the internal cognitive-behavioral resources. “Controllability” means the ability to delay or control immediate gratification of one's needs or to divert one's own mood in order to solve problem. "Confidence" is the self-efficacy belief in one's control ability. "Self-instruction" is the cognitive ability to instruct oneself positively. Resourcefulness is learned by active experience, vicarious experience, and formal or informal instruction, and it is cued in the presence of a stressful situation or a need for change. As a result of the use of resourcefulness, the target behavior performed immediately and ultimately improve the quality of life or adaptation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the instrument including the defining attributes identified in this study. Also, it is necessary to simultaneously analyze the related concepts of self-efficacy, self-control, and self-regulation for appropriate use.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.25-46
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• 2012

When performing a monotonous task, one often experiences an urge to quit. This urge may vary depending on how long one has performed the task (a temporal factor) and on which particular component of the task one is carrying out (an event-based factor). Using the Stroop task and a working memory task, we examined changes in the urge to quit as a function of basic temporal (repetition) and event-based (cognitive conflict) factors. Consistent with the law of least work and recent theorizing, for the memory task, urges to quit were greater following difficult trials; for the Stroop task, urges to quit were greater following incongruent than congruent trials, but only during early/novice phases of performance, when responding is inefficient. This is a demonstration of an avoidance response toward cognitive conflict. Regarding temporal sources of quitting, urges to quit were greater for late task stages than early stages. These basic findings may illuminate the nature of the more 'hot' motivational struggles involving the delay of gratification.