• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.252-257
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• 1994

The sprouting characteristics of Scirpus planiculmis and storage methods of corm for the herbicide screening were investigated under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Sprouting and elongation of S. planiculmis corms were continued during storage at low temperature ($5^{\circ}C$) and wet condition. However, sprouting of corm was failed when the surface water was removed from the corm, and elongation was reduced by the treatment of 0.5-1.0% sodium chloride(NaCl) solution. Alternate temperature was more effective on the sprouting of S. planiculmis corm than constant temperature. Optimum temperature for the sprouting of S. planiculmis corm was alternation between $25^{\circ}C$ to $35^{\circ}C$. Storage at $-20^{\circ}C$ for 10 min. or 14.7% dehydration made the corm of S. planiculmis to fail for sprouting. S. planiculmis corm was more tolerant to sodium chloride than Echinochloa crus-galli or Oryza sativa(Donginbyeo) seeds. Sprouting rate was decreased by cutting of the corm. Sprouting percent by vertical cuttings, horizontal cuttings, and vertical plus horizontal cuttings were 72, 56, and 28%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.480-485
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• 1987

Quick cooking rice was produced by cooking raw, white long grain rice with three different methods which were atmospheric cooking in electric cooker, autoclaving and precooking followed by autoclaving. The drying rate curve showed that cooking methods affected little the drying pattern of the cooked rice except that precooking treatment before autoclaving retarded dehydration. The quick cooking rice prepared by precooking and autoclaving method among three cooking methods showed the fastest rehydration rate and took 7.5 minutes in reaching equilibrium moisture content by soaking in boiling water. And it had less hard and more cohesive texture than the milled rice cooked by conventional method and the quick cooking rice prepared by electric cooking when reconstituted. The microstructure of quick cooking rice was investigated among cooking methods.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2018

Background: Work comfort studies have been extensively conducted, especially in the underground and meteorological fields resulting in an avalanche of recommendations for their evaluation. Nevertheless, no known or universally accepted model for comprehensively assessing the thermal work condition of the underground mine environment is currently available. Current literature presents several methods and techniques, but none of these can expansively assess the underground mine environment since most methods consider only one or a few defined factors and neglect others. Some are specifically formulated for the built and meteorological climates, thus making them unsuitable to accurately assess the climatic conditions in underground development and production workings. Methods: This paper presents a series of sensitivity analyses to assess the impact of environmental parameters and metabolic rate on the thermal comfort for underground mining applications. An approach was developed in the form of a "comfort model" which applied comfort parameters to extensively assess the climatic conditions in the deep, hot, and humid underground mines. Results: Simulation analysis predicted comfort limits in the form of required sweat rate and maximum skin wettedness. Tolerable worker exposure times to minimize thermal strain due to dehydration are predicted. Conclusion: The analysis determined the optimal air velocity for thermal comfort to be 1.5 m/s. The results also identified humidity to contribute more to deviations from thermal comfort than other comfort parameters. It is expected that this new approach will significantly help in managing heat stress issues in underground mines and thus improve productivity, safety, and health.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Energy Engineering kosee Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.165-169
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• 2002

BaTiO$_3$ 분말을 Ba(OH)$_2$ㆍ8$H_2O$와 아나타제형의 TiO$_2$ㆍ$\chi$$H_2O$를 이용하여 광화제 첨가 없이 열수처리에 의한 탈수(dehydration) 및 재결정화(recrystallization) 과정을 통한 수열합성법에 의해 제조하였다. Autoclave 반응기를 이용한 실험의 경우, BaTiO$_3$ 분말을 생성하기 위한 최적 반응온도 및 시간은 각각 21$0^{\circ}C$, 4시간으로 확인되었으며, 이 때 생성된 BaTiO$_3$ 분말의 크기는 0.1~0.2$mu extrm{m}$로 입도분포가 양호하였다. 그리고, 바륨과 티타늄의 농도비가 증가됨에 따라 결정화도(tetragonality)가 증가하는 경향을 나타내고 있다. 이는 반응하지 않고 남아 있는 바륨의 영향으로 생각되며, 이는 반응물의 pH와도 관련이 있다. 또한, 반응온도 및 시간도 결정화도에 커다란 영향을 미치는 변수로 주로 반응온도 및 시간이 증가함에 따라 결정화도도 함께 증가하는 추세를 나타내고 있다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 1998

T-butyl alcohol (TBA) freeze-drying method originally designed by Inoue and Osadake (1989) was adopted to dry specimens for scanning electron microscopy and the results were compared with those dried using critical point dryer (CPD). Small pieces $(1\times1\times3mm)$ of liver of Sprague-Dawley rats were cut and fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M sodium cacodylate buffer after anesthesia, and processed for scanning electron microscopy by several modifications of TBA freeze-drying methods and by the standard preparation method using CPD. The bile canaliculi and sinusoidal endothelial surface were observed. Tissue dehydrated with TBA before TBA freeze-drying preserved the structures best comparable to those prepared with CPD. This result suggests that combination of dehydration with TBA and TBA freeze-drying is a superior method to the original TBA freeze-drying method dehydrated with ethanol.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.198-201
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• 2010

Persistent and intractable hiccups (with respective durations of more than 48 hours and 1 month) can result in depression, fatigue, impaired sleep, dehydration, weight loss, malnutrition, and aspiration syndromes. The conventional treatments for hiccups are either non-pharmacological, pharmacological or a nerve block treatment. Pulsed radiofrequency lesioning (PRFL) has been proposed for the modulation of the excited nervous system pathway of pain as a safe and nondestructive treatment method. As placement of the electrode in close proximity to the targeted nerve is very important for the success of PRFL, ultrasound appears to be well suited for this technique. A 74-year-old man suffering from intractable hiccups that had developed after a coronary artery bypass graft and had continued for 7 years was referred to our pain clinic. He had not been treated with conventional methods or medications. We performed PRFL of the phrenic nerve guided by ultrasound and the hiccups disappeared.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

ZSM-5 gallosilicate molecular sieves was synthesized and cupric ion was ion-exchanged into the gallosilicate. The locations of Cu(ll) species in the framework and their interactions with various adsorbates were characterized by combined electron spin resonance(ESR) and electron spin echo modulation(ESEM) methods. It was found that in a fresh hydrated material, Cu(II) is octahedrally coordinated to six water molecules. This species is located in the channel intersections of two sinusoidal channels and rotates rapidly at room temperature. Evacuation removes some of these water molecules, leaving the Cu(II) coordinated to less water molecules and anchored to of oxygens in the channel wall. Dehydration produces two Cu(II) species, both of which are located in sites inaccessible to oxygen as evidenced by non-broadening of its ESR lines by oxygen. Adsorption of adsorbate molecules such as water, alcohols, ammonia, acetonitrile and ethylene on dehydrated CuNaH-ZSM-5 gallosilicate materials causes changes in the ESR spectrum of Cu(II), indicating the migration of Cu(II) into main channels to form complexes with these adsorbates there. Cu(II) forms a complex with two molecules of methanol, ethanol and propanol, respectively as evidenced by ESR parameters and ESEM data. Cu(II) also forms a square planar complex with four molecules of ammonia, based on the resolved nitrogen superhyperfine interactions and their ESEM parameters. Cu(II) forms a complex with two molecules of acetonitrile based on the ESR parameters and ESEM data. Interestingly, however, only part of Cu(II) interacts indirectly with one molecule of nonpolar ethylene based on ESR and ESEM analyses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.153-154
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• 2005

A high Tc superconducting with a nominal composition of $Bi_2Sr_2Ca_2Cu_3O_Y$ was prepared by the citarte method. The solid precursor produced by the dehydration of the gel at 120$^{\circ}C$ for 12h is not in the amorphous state as expected but in a crystalline state. X-ray diffraction peaks of nearly the same angular position as the peaks of high Tc phase were observed in the precursor. After pyrolysis at 400$^{\circ}C$ and calcination at 840$^{\circ}C$ for 4h, the (001)peak of the high Tc phase was cleary observed. Experimental results suggest that the intermediate phase formed before the formation of the superconducting phase may be the most important factro in determining whether it is easy to form the high Tc phase or not, because the nucleation barriers of the two superconducting phase may be altered by the variation of the crystal structures of those intermediate phase.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.665-669
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• 2006

Somatic embryos do not survive at exposure to liquid nitrogen temperatures without cryoprotective treatments. A simplified technique which simultaneously induces and cryoprotects embryogenic calli using plant vitrification solution 2 (PVS2) followed by dehydration was developed for the cryopreservation of Soap berry genetic resources. Vitrification is a way of removing the moisture in vegetation through PVS2. The PVS2 vitrification solution consisted of 30% glycerol (w/v), 15% ethylene glycol (w/v), 15% Dimethylsulfoxide (w/v) in B5 medium containing 0.4M sucrose. Two tests were done. The one was to eliminate moisture at $0^{\circ}C$ and the other at $25^{\circ}C$. In both cases the best results came out at a vitrification time of $10{\sim}20$ minutes. It was also found that the survival rate was higher at $0^{\circ}C$ than at $25^{\circ}C$. In particular, the survival rate reached more than 80%. Water-damaged embryos turned brown and stoped growth, but energetic embryos took on a milky hue and show a very vigorous growth rate. Successful cryopreservation of somatic embryos of soapberry can be used to establish in vitro genebanks for long-term conservation of Soapberry genetic resources to complement field genebanks and other in vitro methods already being used.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2004

1. Objectives Hyperemesis Gravidarum is one of common symptoms clinically and caused by pregnancy. This is defined as vomiting sufficiently pernicious to produce weight loss, dehydration, acid-base imbalance. In severe case, it also leads to neurologic abnormality including confusion, gate disturbance, nystagmus. We have tried researching effect of herbal medicines, Soyangin Hyungbangsabaek-san. 2. Methods To heal the Hyperemesis Gravidarum, we used Soyangin Hyungbangsabaek-san. 3. Results Hyperemesis Gravidarum of a Soyangin patient was treated with a herb-medicine, and change of her subjective symptom & general condition was managed. 4. Conclusions The constitutional treatment with herb-medicine (Soyangin Hyungbangsabaek-san) was efficacious against Hyperemesis Gravidarum. Further study on management of this disease is needed.