• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.217-226
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• 2015

As the aging society is globally increasing, the guide for the aged-friendly city is suggested by WHO and many cities are preparing to meet with it. The base of this guide for an age-friendly city is an active aging. This study examined how degree the neighborhood environment is age-friendly from older persons' standpoints. The data were collected through the interview with old persons who aged more than 65 years, 117 persons in an urban area and 110 ones in a rural area. The age-friendly degree of neighborhood environment was examined from two aspects. One is how close 12 neighborhood facilities were from the elderly's houses. Another one is how degree the elderly were considered in 4 areas: pedestrian road, traffic, the amount of housing for the elderly, and space layouts of their houses. Findings were as follows. First, the elderly related neighborhood facilities in urban area were closer located to old persons' houses than in rural area, except the senior center. Second, in case of the age-friendly degree of their neighborhood environments, the space layout of house was the highest, and then traffic, pedestrian road, and the amount of housing for the elderly, in order. The consideration degree of wheelchair users was the lowest. Third, the age-friendly degree of pedestrian road, traffic, and room layout of house in rural area were higher than in urban area. However, the amount of housing for the elderly in urban area was higher than in rural area.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.37-49
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• 2002

The Purpose of this research is to investigate utilization and recognition about neighborhood leisure facilities of middle school students. The data were collected through the questionnaire from 532 second grade students of 6 middle schools at Yeon-su Gu. Nam-dong Gu, and Suh Gu in In-chon. Results of the study are as follows; 1) They were most likely to use the consumptive and commercial entertainment-association facilities. There was no difference in the total number of frequencies of using facilities among the three areas. The students were more likely to use the leisure facilities whatever available for them easily to access. 2) All the using degree, sufficient degree and satisfactory degree of the leisure facilities were below the middle Point. The degree of using facilities by the student was insignificantly different among three areas but the sufficient and satisfactory degrees were varied. The regression result showed that the use of Public facilities as well as culture or sports facilities significantly increased sufficient and satisfaction degrees This research suggests to offer inexpensive leisure facilities of culture and sports in district residential area so as to access easily and to offer facilities for girls' students to activate using leisure facilities.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.205-215
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• 2024

Manually mapping fractures in construction stone mines is challenging, time-consuming, and hazardous. In this method, there is no physical access to all points. In contrast, digital image processing offers a safe, cost-effective, and fast alternative, with the capability to map all joints. In this study, two methods of detecting the trace of discontinuities using image processing in construction stone mines are presented. To achieve this, we employ two modified Hough transform algorithms and the degree of neighborhood technique. Initially, we introduced a method for selecting the best edge detector and smoothing algorithms. Subsequently, the Canny detector and median smoother were identified as the most efficient tools. To trace discontinuities using the mentioned methods, common preprocessing steps were initially applied to the image. Following this, each of the two algorithms followed a distinct approach. The Hough transform algorithm was first applied to the image, and the traces were represented through line drawings. Subsequently, the Hough transform results were refined using fuzzy clustering and reduced clustering algorithms, along with a novel algorithm known as the farthest points' algorithm. Additionally, we developed another algorithm, the degree of neighborhood, tailored for detecting discontinuity traces in construction stones. After completing the common preprocessing steps, the thinning operation was performed on the target image, and the degree of neighborhood for lineament pixels was determined. Subsequently, short lines were removed, and the discontinuities were determined based on the degree of neighborhood. In the final step, we connected lines that were previously separated using the method to be described. The comparison of results demonstrates that image processing is a suitable tool for identifying rock mass discontinuity traces. Finally, a comparison of two images from different construction stone mines presented at the end of this study reveals that in images with fewer traces of discontinuities and a softer texture, both algorithms effectively detect the discontinuity traces.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.53-62
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to present improvement for classification system of current neighborhood living facility to correspond rapid social change and various industries after understanding its status and problem. In current Building Standard Law, various kinds of buildings are classified for their structure, purpose of use, and building types. The Neighborhood Living Facility is divided into First Neighborhood Living Facility and Second Neighborhood Living Facility with applying area standards, according to facilities of convenience degree for neighborhood inhabitants. This classification, however, has problem in an arbitrary decision and applying of buildings without any definition or standards to adopt. And, there are some mixed neighborhood public functional facilities and amusement business affecting public morals among the Neighborhood Living Facility, so hazard environmental problems are also existed. According to the improved program, the study presents a prompt adoption of new facilities according to various industry increase, with minimum public discontent over adopted area standards. This study suggests making a clear scope through reclassification of Neighborhood Living Facility within the scope of the law on current Neighborhood Living Facility and an improvement plan of introducing necessary definitions on purpose of facility.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.59-62
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• 2000

As the density of memories increases, unwanted interference between cells and coupling noise between bit-lines are increased and testing high density memories for a high degree of fault coverage can require either a relatively large number of test vectors or a significant amount of additional test circuitry. From now on, conventional test algorithms have focused on faults between neighborhood cells, not neighborhood bit-lines. In this paper, a new algorithm for NPSFs, and neighborhood bit-line sensitive faults (NBLSFs) based on the NPSFs are proposed. Instead of the conventional five-cell and nine-cell physical neighborhood layouts to test memory cells, a three-cell layout which is minimum size for NBLSFs detection is used. To consider faults by maximum coupling noise by neighborhood bit-lines, we added refresh operation after write operation in the test procedure(i.e., write \longrightarrow refresh \longrightarrow read). Also, we present properties of the algorithm, such as its capability to detect stuck-at faults, transition faults, conventional pattern sensitive faults, and neighborhood bit-line sensitive faults.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to empirically analyze the effects of physical environment change on the Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) project implemented in Gamcheon 2 Dong on the fear of crime, neighborhood satisfaction, and neighborhood attachment in the poor. In this study, the data collected through field surveys and questionnaires were analyzed using a structural equation model, specifically the SPSS AMOS 25 program. From the results of the analysis, it was found that the neighborhood satisfaction was enhanced by the improvement in the walking environment and the reduction in the neighborhood disorder level of the target area through the installation of major CPTED facilities. The results of the statistical analysis show that the reduction in the neighborhood disorder due to the CPTED project enhanced the neighborhood satisfaction and the level of neighborhood attachment in the local residents. In addition, the changes in the walking environment caused by the CPTED project had a positive effect on the neighborhood satisfaction, and as the degree of neighborhood disorder decreased, the neighborhood satisfaction increased and the local people's attachment level increased.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.5 no.1 s.8
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• pp.43-51
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• 2001

As the density of memories increases, unwanted interference between cells and coupling noise between bit-lines are increased. And testing high-density memories for a high degree of fault coverage can require either a relatively large number of test vectors or a significant amount of additional test circuitry. So far, conventional test algorithms have focused on faults between neighborhood cells, not neighborhood bit-lines. In this paper, a new test algorithm for neighborhood bit-line sensitive faults (NBLSFs) based on the NPSFs(Neighborhood Pattern Sensitive Faults) is proposed. And the proposed algorithm does not require any additional circuit. Instead of the conventional five-cell or nine-cell physical neighborhood layouts to test memory cells, a three-cell layout which is minimum size for NBLSFs detection is used. Furthermore, to consider faults by maximum coupling noise by neighborhood bit-lines, we added refresh operation after write operation in the test procedure(i.e.,$write{\rightarrow}\;refresh{\rightarrow}\;read$). Also, we show that the proposed algorithm can detect stuck-at faults, transition faults, coupling faults, conventional pattern sensitive faults, and neighborhood bit-line sensitive faults.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.103-111
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• 2012

This study empirically investigates the degree of physical exclusiveness of multi-family housing estates and its socioeconomic effects. By combining various physical elements devised to blockade and control the entrance to the estate as well as housing units, it constructs the index to quantify the degree of physical exclusiveness for the multi-family housing estates of more than 300 households in Seoul. The statistics reveal that the degree of physical exclusiveness has increased over time and therefore, as a representative example, two-thirds of the estates are now equipped with barricade at the entrance, which often symbolizes 'gated community'. The estimation result of hedonic price model show that physical exclusiveness has a significant positive effect on housing price. The household survey data for the case study estates also demonstrate that the residents in the estate of higher degree of physical exclusiveness put a higher housing value on socioeconomic 'prestige' as well as 'community', beyond physical 'security', and have closer neighborhood relationship with the residents inside the estate. However, there is no significant difference in neighborhood relationship with the outside residents depending upon the degree of physical exclusiveness.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlations between the school neighorhood environment and adolescents’behaviors. A questionnare was distributed to 221 high school students from June 27. 1997 t해 July 16. 1997 in chonju. In this study SAS package was used. The statistical methods such as frequency. mean. analysis of variance. correlation analysis. multiple regression analysis and T-Test were applied. The result of this study were as follows. 1) The school neighborhood environment of B high school included much more problematic places than A high school in 20 minutes distance on foot. So B high school students visited problematic places more frequently than A high school students(p<.05). 2) Both of A high school students and B high school students didn’t be satisfied about the school neighborhood environment. The degree of satisfaction for school environment of A high school student was higher than that of B. (p<.001) The number of benefit facilities. the degree of cleanness, and the safety from automobiles positively influenced the satisfaction for school neighbor environment. while the number and visiting of harm facilities negatively in satisfaction. 3)The problematic behaviors of B high school students was higher than A high school students(p<.05)

• ETRI Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.520-534
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• 2004

As the density of memories increases, unwanted interference between cells and the coupling noise between bit-lines become significant, requiring parallel testing. Testing high-density memories for a high degree of fault coverage requires either a relatively large number of test vectors or a significant amount of additional test circuitry. This paper proposes a new tiling method and an efficient built-in self-test (BIST) algorithm for neighborhood pattern-sensitive faults (NPSFs) and new neighborhood bit-line sensitive faults (NBLSFs). Instead of the conventional five-cell and nine-cell physical neighborhood layouts to test memory cells, a four-cell layout is utilized. This four-cell layout needs smaller test vectors, provides easier hardware implementation, and is more appropriate for both NPSFs and NBLSFs detection. A CMOS column decoder and the parallel comparator proposed by P. Mazumder are modified to implement the test procedure. Consequently, these reduce the number of transistors used for a BIST circuit. Also, we present algorithm properties such as the capability to detect stuck-at faults, transition faults, conventional pattern-sensitive faults, and neighborhood bit-line sensitive faults.