• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.239-257
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• 2019

Purpose: To analyze the job of nursing unit managers working at women's hospital, using DACUM (developing a curriculum), DACUM is a method for analyzing job-focused competency. Methods: This study involved a descriptive survey. A DACUM workshop was held to define women's hospital nursing unit managers' role and identify their duties and tasks. For the workshop, a committee was formed consisting of 5 women's hospital nursing unit managers. Finally, after validation, the developed contents were made into a survey asking about nursing unit manager's duties and tasks. Results: Sixteen duties and 83 tasks were identified on the DACUM chart. The importance, difficulty, and frequency of the tasks were ranked in terms of A, B, and C, with A being the highest degree. Eight tasks received A's all in importance, difficulty, and frequency of performance. The 8 tasks were: 'taking over', 'taking care of seriously ill patients on handover', 'ward rounding', 'analyzing and resolving demands identified during handover and patient tour', 'reporting patient status during rounding', 'promoting breast-feeding', 'uterine contraction, and training for breast-feeding'. The duty with the biggest determinant coefficient (DC) was 'patients complaint management' (DC=7.09). Based on tasks, the one with the biggest DC was 'solving patient and patient guardian's complaints' (DC=7.53), followed by 'making infection control guidelines' (DC=7.5). Conclusion: When expanding the nursing staff of the hospital, women's hospitals nursing unit managers also need to use administrative functions as intermediaries to focus on the operation management of the entire hospital rather than direct nursing to suit their role.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2009

National surveys on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections have been carried out every 5-7 years since 1971 in the Republic of Korea in order to establish control measures. The present nationwide survey was conducted from June to December 2004. The 10% population sampling data of Population and Housing Census by the Korean government in 2000 was used as the survey population. One sample was selected randomly from each of the 22,858 registered subjects, and a total of 20,541 people were ultimately included in this survey. Fecal examinations were performed by the cellophane thick smear and saturated brine flotation techniques. Pinworm infection was examined by cello-tape anal swab method. This survey also included a questionnaire study for a socioeconomic analysis. The total helminth egg positive rate was 3.7%, and the estimated total positive number among nationwide people was 1,780,000. The rates in urban and rural areas were 3.1% and 6.8%, respectively. As the total egg positive rate in the 6th survey in 1997 was 2.4%, the present survey showed that there was a considerable degree of increase in the prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infections over the 7-year period following the 6th survey. The largest increases occurred in the egg positive rates of Clonorchis sinensis and heterophyids including Metagonimus yokogawai.

• 가정∙방문간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.5-14
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• 2000

This study was conducted during the time period of September 1997 to February 1999. in order to provide data concerning important facets of horne care nursing and the degree to which practicing hospital and public health nurses believe themselves to be competent in each area. The study subjects consisted of 610 hospital nurses, 158 public health nurses and 21 other nurses from Seoul and the province of Kyunggi. Korea. Data was collected through self-reporting questionnaires which was used by Kim et al.(1999) to evaluate the status of home health nursing and the varying ideas of self-competence that practicing nurses have. The results of the study were as follows: 1) The mean scores of perceived important components and competencies on home health nursing measured on the Likert 4 point scale were $3.15{\pm}0.36$ for importance. and $2.56{\pm}0.36$ for competency. Of the four categories regarding nursing services, the 'Nursing skill' factor had the highest importance and competency. 2) There were significantly higher scores for hospital nurses' importance components and competencies of home care nursing as compared to those scores for public health nurses. 3) The significant factors of the importance component of home care nursing listed in order of priority were 'general infection control', 'bed sore care skill', 'rehabilitation care', 'keeping maintenance of the client's confidentiality', 'malpractice', 'diabetes patient care', 'ability for problem solving' respectively. In contrast, of low priority in the importance components of home care nursing were 'referring nursing as a job to others'. 'record keeping', 'family dynamics', 'medical equipment', 'economic problems', 'environmental assessment', 'suture removal', 'multidisciplinary coordination' respectively. 4) The high priority of the degree to which practicing nurses believe themselves to be competent in home health nursing were the 'blood sugar test', 'enema skill', 'injection skill', 'skin care', 'bed sore care skill', etc. In contrast, lower competence for home care nursing as perceived by nurses were 'AIDS care', 'family violence care', 'substance abuse care', 'mental health care' respectively.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.743-754
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• 1999

The purpose of this descriptive study was to identify the homecare needs of patients with cancer and to provide a basis of interventions. One hundred and two patients at one general hospital in Gyeongnam responded to a questionnaire developed on the basis of care needs perceived by nurses caring for hospitalized patients with cancer. The questionnaire was a Likert type 5 point scale with 56 items on five need categories ; 1) informational 2) physical care : 3) emotional care 4) socioeconomic care and 5) special care needs. Internal consistency of this questionnaire was Cronbach's $\alpha$＝.9101 for total items. The data was collected from March 1st to May 31th, 1998, by two graduate nurses. In the data analysis, mean & standard deviation were calculated to identify the degree of care need of each item, and the t-test & ANOVA were done to determine the effects of patients' demographic background on their care needs. The findings are summarized as follows ; 1) The mean score of total of need items was 3.048. Of the four need categories the highest score was informational at 3.4, followed by emotional care, 3.063, physical care, 2.623, and socioeconomic care, 2.599. 2) In the informational need category there were four subcategories with 19 items. Medication and pain control had the highest score, 3.755 ; second was diet and exercise, 3.613 ; third was disease and treatment process, 3.337 ; and last was personal hygiene and infection prevention at 2.687. 3) In the physical care need category there was nine items, IV infusion for nutrition and management of treatment complication was above 3.2 points and the remaining items were in the 2.847-2.070 score ranges. 4) In the emotional care need category there were seven items. The highest need was in support for relationships with health personnel, 3.673. The need for support of religions beliefs and support for having a religion were low at about 2 points. 5) In the socioeconomic care need category there were six items. Support for medical insurance expansion and financial support were above 3 points. Legal support and support for caring of children were low in the care needs. 6) In the special care need category the there were 15 items. Informational need about immunization and informational need about effects of disease on growth and development were high, above 4.1 points. Need for decubitus care and prevention, sitz bath and incontinence care were low, below 2 points. 7) There were significant differences in degree of care need according to admission rate, education level, marital status, religion and caregiver's religion. In conclusion, homecare needs perceived by hospitalized patient's with cancer was moderate, but informational need was higher than direct care need, leading to the conclusion that the provision of sufficient information to patients with cancer at discharge is needed. Nursing interventions should be developed considering the patient's background.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 1985

18종(種)의 식물질(植物質)을 토양(土壤)에 첨가(添加)하여 개량(改良)한 토양(土壤)에 인삼근부병원(人蔘根腐病原)에 하나인 Fusarium solani의 후막포수(厚膜胞數)$5{\times}10^3\;Cells/g\;soil)$를 접종(接種)하고 여기에 지표(指標)가 되는 식물(植物) 로 완두(Pisium sativa L.)를 심어 이병성(罹病性) 정도(程度)에 의하여 개량효과를(改良效果) 조사하고 또한 개량물질(改良物質)의 처리(處理) 전(前)과 후(後)의 토양내(土壤內)의 미생물분포(微生物分布)의 변동(變動)을 비교(比較)하였다. 식물질(植物質)로 개량(改良)한 토양처리구(土壤處理區)에서 분쇄밀처리구에서는 대조구(對照區) 이상으로 이병성( 罹病性)이 높았고, 다음이 고구마 줄기, 배추, 인삼잎 및 콩깍지의 순이였다. 반면 마늘 뿌리를 처리한 토양에서는 이병률(罹病率)이 가장 낮아 효과적(效果的) 인 개량물질(改良物質)이었고, 다음에 파, 양배추, 들깨대, 밀짚, 보리짚등에서도 이병률(罹病率)이 감소(減少)하였다. 총균수(總菌數)는 파, 콩, 분쇄밀, 옥수수대, 배추등에서 다수(多數)하였고, 반면 밀짚, 마늘뿌리, 양배추, 보리짚 등의 처리구에서는 감소하였다. 세균수(細菌數)는 콩, 양배추, 무우줄기, 파, 분쇄밀처리구에서는 증가(增加)되었으나 보리, 담배뿌리, 인삼대, 밀짚등에서는 감소(減少)하는 경향을 나타냈다. 방선균(放線菌)의 분포(分布)는 콩처리구에서만 증가(增加)하였으나 기타는 대조구(對照區) 보다 감소(減少)하고 담배뿌리와 마늘대에서는 그 수(數)가 감소(減少)되었다. Fusarium spp의 분포수(分布數)는 배추, 파, 무우줄기, 분쇄밀, 고구마줄기 등의 처리구에서는 증가(增加)하고 반대로 밀짚, 인삼잎, 양배추등의 처리구는 대조구(對照區) 보다 감소(減少)하였다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2014

레몬 오일의 향장효과와 각성효과는 미용분야와 심리치료분야에서 폭넓게 증명되어 왔다. 그러나 레몬 오일의 항천식과 항염증에 대한 고유한 효과에 대해 입증된 바는 드물다. 이 논문은 OVA로 유도된 천식 생쥐 모델에서 항천식 및 항염증 효과에 대해 증명하고자 수행되었다. OVA로 유도된 천식 생쥐 모델을 정상군, 대조군, 양성대조군 그리고 실험군으로 구성된 4집단으로 분류하였다. 0.3%의 레몬오일을 실험군에 3주간, 1주에 3회, 1회 30분간 흡입시켰다. 최초 실험일로부터 6주 후 기도 과민성의 정도, 혈액학적 변화, 혈청 내 사이토카인의 변화, 기도조직의 변화를 평가하였다. 실험 결과 레몬 오일은 효과적으로 기도과민성 억제 및 호산구의 세포증식 억제, IgE의 생성 억제를 통하여 기도의 염증 반응 및 과민반응을 유의성 있게 억제하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2000

Common dental procedures(dental extraction & minor operation) are potentially stress-inducing in many patients, especially medically compromised patients. The body's response to dental stress involves the cardiovascular system(an increase in cardiovascular workload), the respiratory organ and the endocrine system(change in metabolism). To minimize the stress to the medical risk patient, the stress reduction protocol was established. The obtained contents were as follows: (1) Recognize the patient's degree of medical risk (2) Complete medical consultation before dental therapy (3) Schedule the patient's appointment in the morning (4) Monitor and record preoperative and postoperative vital signs (5) Use psychosedation during therapy (6) Use adequate pain control during therapy (7) Short length of appointment : do not exceed the patient's limits of tolerance (8) Follow up with postoperative pain/anxiety control (9) Telephone the higher medical risk patient later on the same day that treatment was given Though the stress reduction protocol above was applied to the dental extraction in medically compromised patients with the advanced infected teeth, the final responsibility for the complications(syncope, bleeding & infection, etc.) in a patient rests with the dentist who ultimately treats him. For the prevention of postextraction complications & poor prognosis, the authors treated the advanced infected teeth with the pulp extirpation, opening drainage through the canal and complete occlusal reduction. The final extraction and wound closure were then done after $1{\sim}2$ weeks. The final prognosis was comfortable without common complications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.69-80
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• 1971

Total body perfusion using Rygg-Kyvsgaard Heart-Lung-Machine, Mark IV, Polystan was attempted in the dogs by the hemodilution method with total prime of buffered Hartman's solution and under hypothermia. The first of all, the functions of Rygg--Kyvsgaard Heart-Lung-Machine and the effects of the hemodilution perfusion by buffered Hartman's solution was studied. At the same time the changes of blood pressure, oxygen consumption, and influence on the blood pictures were observed before, during, and in 1-3 days after perfusion. Hemodilution rates were the average 74. 22cc/Kg(the ranges of 67 to 81 cc/Kg) and perfusion flow rates were maintained in the mean 62. 6cc/Kg/min., Although it was possible to check up to 87 cc/ Kg/min. The total body perfusion continued for 60-80 minutes. Hypothermia was employed between $36^{\circ}C$ and $32^{\circ}C$ of the rectal temperature. Arterial pressure was ranged approximately between 68mmHg and 149mmHg, but generally, it was maintained over 80mmHg. Venous pressure was measured between 6.5cm $H_2O$and 11.5cm $H_2O$. Optimum oxygenation can be expected when oxygen flow into the disposable bubble oxygenator was maintained approximately at 3.5 L/min .. Inthis way, the oxygen contents were measured in the mean value of 13.11${\pm}$O.56 vol. % of arterial blood and 8.67+1.08 vol.% of venous blood(P${\pm}$0.86 vol.% in arteriovenous oxygen difference and 2. 97${\pm}$0.62cc/Kg in oxygen consumption were calculated. According to these dates, it is as plain as pikestaff that excellent oxygenation and good tissue perfusion was accomplished. Erythrocyte, hemoglobin and hematocrit were decreased about 38% during extracorporeal circulation and these were not recovered until 1-3 days after perfusion. These decrease was resulted from relatively high degree of hemodilution rate and no blood transfusion to compensate during these experimental studies. The platelets were also decreased about 76% during perfusion, but on the contrary, it was increased progressively after perfusion and in 1-3 days after perfusion was returned to the control level. Leucocyte were also decreased during perfusion, but it was increased progessively after perfusion and in 1-3 days after perfusion exceed the control level. This increase was resulted from postoperative infection of the wound, but its analysis were not changed significantly.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2009

당뇨(Diabetes Mellitus)란 혈당을 조절하는 인슐린의 분비나 기능에 장애를 야기하는 질환으로 인슐린 의존성 여부에 따라 제 1 형과 제 2 형으로 분류된다. 본 종설은 최근 증가 추세에 있는 제 2 형 당뇨가 치수 치근단 병소의 병인 과정에 전구 위험요인으로 작용할 수 있는지를 평가 하고자 문헌고찰을 통해 당뇨의 병인 과정에서 특징적으로 나타나는 혈관 합병증에 관해 알아보고, 부가적으로 제 2 형 당뇨 쥐 모델에서 인위적인 치수 감염 후 얻은 치근단 조직의 조직병리학적 분석을 시행하였다. 조직학적 관찰 결과 제 2 형 당뇨 쥐에서 대조군에 비해 치수 치근단 병소의 크기가 증가하였고, 치수 염증 반응도 심하게 나타난 것으로 보아 당뇨 자체가 숙주를 감염에 취약한 상태로 만드는 전구 위험요소로 작용하였음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 이유로는 첫째, 당뇨 시 전반적으로 나타나는 혈관 내 죽상 침착(atheromatous deposits)에 의해 혈관내벽의 두께가 두꺼워져 미세 순환의 장애는 물론 탐식 세포의 기능 저하, 면역 세포의 혈류 이동이 차단되어 치수 감염 시 쉽게 치근단 병소로 이환될 가능성이 높고, 둘째 치수 혈관에서 특징인 측부 순환(collateral circulation)의 부재에 따른 살균성 다형핵 백혈구의 활동 억제를 포함한 미세 혈관계의 취약성으로 인해 치수 조직의 재생능이 저하되어 추가적인 감염원의 공격에 대한 방어 및 치유 저하를 더욱 심화시키기 때문인 것으로 사료된다. 따라서 제 2 형 당뇨 환자의 수복치료 시 치과의사는 당뇨조절 하에서 치수 조직의 자극을 최소화하기 위한 세심한 처치가 필요하다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제22권10호
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• pp.21.1-21.7
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• 2019

Background: Lactococcus garvieae is one of the most important risk factors in the rainbow trout culture. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and detect strains isolated from rainbow trout suspected of having Lactococcus garvieae using biochemical characteristics and PCR and determination of the degree of severity of isolated strains. Methods: In this study, the cause of lactococcosis in selected rainbow trout farms in Kohkilooieh and Boyerahmad province was assayed. Gram-positive and catalase-negative bacterial isolates were first obtained from selected trout fish farms using conventional biochemical tests and PCR assay. The 10-day LD₅₀ method (concentration causing 50% mortality in 10 days) was used to determine the severity of the isolated bacteria. Results: One bacterial isolate was detected from all sampled fish which confirmed as Lactococcus garvieae using a specific PCR assay based on the 16S rDNA gene by producing a single band of 1107 bp. Analysis of the rate of mortality showed that the 10-day LD₅₀ was 4.6 × 10⁵ CFU/fish. The results of this study showed that isolated bacteria had high severity for rainbow trout. The presence of bacteria in internal organs of suspected fish showed a severe systemic infection in challenged fish. Antibiogram assay also indicated that the isolated Lactococcus garvieae were resistant to some mostly used antibiotics in rainbow trout. Conclusions: According to current research, it can be concluded that the condition of lactococcosis in the studied area is not suitable, and despite the presence of disease, there is no proper action to control and prevent the disease. Unfortunately, isolated bacteria from the studied area have a very high severity compared to bacteria isolated from other regions of the country or other countries. Therefore, further investigation is needed to determine the cause of this difference and possibly in the design of the vaccine.