• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.67-84
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to furnish data for a new curriculum of the "Bachelor's Degree Course at Junior College" in Korea. Domestic three colleges and one university were selected for comparative analysis about curriculum of the dental laboratory technology. Moreover, three colleges and three universities were selected in Australia, Canada, and USA which are preferred highly on overseas employment by the korea students of dental laboratory technology. From the six colleges and four universities, number of subjects and credit hours on special study were acquired and compared. Between domestics, an agreement on special study were compared. Transferable subjects from korea to foreign were acquired. From the number of subjects and credit hours on special study comparing, following results were obtained. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of the number of subjects and credit hours on special study were averagely 78.2% and 83.7% in domestic college, 70.8% and 69.7% in domestic university. 2. The ratio of the number of subjects and credit hours on special study in Canada was similar to domestic but those in Australia and USA were less than domestic. 3. Between domestics, an agreement of subjects and credit hours on special study were 81.2% and 84.2% in Catholic University of Busan, 72.2% and 76.4% in Daejeon Health Science College, 71.2% and 72.8% in Gwangju Health College University, 65.1% and 65.9% in Shin Heung College University respectively. 4. Transferable subjects from Korea to Australia or Canada was more than USA. Those to Australia was similar to Canada. These results suggest that the degree of special study in domestic is more than foreign, transferable subjects from Korea to Canada should be profitable and those data is furnish for a new curriculum of the "Bachelor's Degree Course at Junior College" in Korea.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.49-54
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• 2000

Purpose : To compare the diagnostic performance of clinical and radiologic examination for the interproximal caries on intraoral periapical radiographs and to evaluate the value of periapical radiographs. Methods: One hundred seven dental patients were examined clinically, with a mouth mirror and an explorer, by a dentist at the department of oral medicine, and the presence or absence of interproximal caries lesion was recorded. The patients were prescribed one or more dental periapical radiographs. Radiographs were assessed for the presence of interproximal caries by three oral and maxillofacial radiologists independantly. Two thousand sixty interproximal surfaces were included in this study. The diagnostic accuracies of clinical and radiologic examinations for interproximal caries were calculated. To assess the degree of agreement between clinical and radiologic examinations, Cohen's coefficient of agreement was computed. Results: The specificity of clinical and radiologic examination was 0.991, 0.997 and the sensitivity was 0.279, 0.985 respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of radiologic examination was statistically significantly higher than that of clinical examination (P<0.05). Cohen's kappa value of clinical and radiologic examination was 0.335, 0.942 respectively. These results suggested that clinical examination show only fair agreement, whereas radiologic examination show perfect agreement. Conclusion: The diagnositic performance of the dental periapical radiographs on interproximal caries were higher than that of clinical examination, thus this study showed the validity of periapical radiographs for detecting interproximal caries lesion without bitewing radiograph.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2024

The lack of consistency and predictability of arbitral awards in the Investor-State Dispute Settlement ("ISDS") mechanism has long been a subject of criticism. In international investment disputes, arbitral tribunals have frequently come up with different interpretations and results on similar investment agreement provisions. The arbitral tribunal's inconsistent decisions raised concerns not only among the parties to the investment dispute but also amongthe arbitral tribunals in other cases, which ultimately led to legal inconsistencies in international investment law. Arbitration awards may have some degree of disagreement in interpretation. However, the systemic inconsistencies that pervade ISDS risk undermining the purpose of the investment agreement system, which is to provide a predictable and stable framework to protect andpromote foreign investment while maintaining a balance with host state regulations. Therefore, this study proposes a plan to resolve this discrepancy and review standards for practical application. Reform of the ISDS mechanism could be a viable option to reduce, to some extent, the inconsistencies in interpretation, if not completely eliminate them. Reforms such as establishingguidelines, promoting cooperation between arbitral tribunals, and codifying the norms of the agreement can provide a means of reducing interpretive inconsistencies and strengthening the legitimacy of the ISDS mechanism. Reforming the ISDS mechanism will require all stakeholders to carefully consider the issues and the scope, nature, and feasibility of eachpotential reform.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.165-180
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• 2003

The number of the functionally disabled elderly has been increasing in Korea and their families should have been in charge of supporting and taking care of them. This study was designed to grope for devices which were helpful to improve the psychological welfare of the functionally disabled elderly in the present situation. The results of this study were as follows: First, considering the level of psychological welfare of the functionally disabled elderly, the depression degree of the subjects was 52.9 which was higher than the middle point, 50. And the degree of family support the functionally disabled elderly were aware of, it also was high ; the score was 34.6 compared to the middle point, 33. On the other hand, the degree of public support that the functionally disabled elderly received was 2.01 which was lower than the middle point, 4.5. Second, the level of the depression of the functionally disabled elderly followed by background variables, the degree of agreement with family support, and public support represented significant differences among group according to religion, the type of previous occupation, the ownership of house, the type of residence, the presence of spouse, education level, and the source of income. Third, the relative influence toward the depression of the functionally disabled elderly was shown in the order of importance as follows: family support, the degree of functional disability, the ownership of house, public support, the presence of spouse, the source of income, the number of daughters, the degree of functional disablity.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.682-691
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• 2012

Key agreement protocol is a fundamental protocol in cryptography whereby two or more participants can agree on a common conference key in order to communicate securely among themselves. In this situation, the participants can securely send and receive messages with each other. An adversary not having access to the conference key will not be able to decrypt the messages. In this paper, we propose a novel identity-based authenticated multi user key agreement protocol employing a symmetric balanced incomplete block design. Our protocol is built on elliptic curve cryptography and takes advantage of a kind of bilinear map called Weil pairing. The protocol presented can provide an identification (ID)-based authentication service and resist different key attacks. Furthermore, our protocol is efficient and needs only two rounds for generating a common conference key. It is worth noting that the communication cost for generating a conference key in our protocol is only O($\sqrt{n}$) and the computation cost is only O($nm^2$), where $n$ implies the number of participants and m denotes the extension degree of the finite field $F_{p^m}$. In addition, in order to resist the different key attack from malicious participants, our protocol can be further extended to provide the fault tolerant property.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.415-433
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 부모들이 인간발달에 있어서의 주요 논쟁점인 선천론 대 후천론에 대해 모두 동의하는 이중적 가치관을 가지는지 분석하는 것이었다. 이를 위해 아동발달 및 교육과 관련된 속담 15개를 선정하여 그 뜻에 대한 동의 정도를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 자녀양육 경험이 있는 부모 608명이었다. 주요 결과로 첫째, 선천론과 후천론 속담의 동의정도는 유사한 점수분포를 보였고, 교육의 중요성 속담은 상대적으로 높은 동의 점수를 보였다. 둘째, 사회인구학적 변인 중, 선천론 속담은 연령, 학력, 자녀수에서, 후천론 속담은 연령에서만, 그리고 교육의 중요성 속담은 성별, 학력, 자녀수에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 마지막으로, 선천론과 후천론 속담에 대한 동의도의 차이검정은 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 부모들은 발달의 기제에 대해 선천론 및 후천론의 상호작용적 관점을 지니고 있음을 확인하였다. 더불어 발달기제에 대한 신념에 관계없이 교육이 매우 중요한 가치로 인식됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2018

Purpose - The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) among 16 countries including South Korea, the largest free trade agreement in the Asia-Pacific region, will be concluded next year. The participating countries decided to pursue a comprehensive and high -quality agreement, while ensuring flexibility considering development level of each country. In this study, trade structures between nations from 2005 through 2016 were examined to see the impact that this agreement will have on Korea and to come up with effective countermeasures. Research design, data, and methodology - The method of analysis includes the analysis of the trade matrix, which is useful for identifying the dependency of the individual countries on the market in the region and the reciprocal dependency of the member countries on the market, and the index of intensity of trade, which is useful for figuring out the share of trade between the parties in total trade. Results - The results showed that first, the international trade coefficients of Vietnam and Philippines are higher than those of China and Japan. Secondly, the international inducement coefficients between China and Japan were high, and that between Indonesia and Burma were low, indicating that Korea's exports did not have much effect on export increase of these countries. Third, as a result of analyzing Korea's trade intensity, it was found that export intensity and import intensity were greater than 1 in Vietnam and Philippines, which shows that there is a high degree of relational bond with these countries. India and Laos countries still have a low level of relational bond, which indicates that there is room for improvement in economic relations when the agreement is concluded. After the signing of the agreement in the future, more diverse industrial structures should be continuously studied. Conclusions - The analysis of trade matrix, trade structure, trade inducement coefficient and trade intensity between Korea and RCEP participating countries shows that the majority of the countries have the high level of economic relationship with Korea. Korea should drive a harder bargain when negotiating the terms of the RCEP, in comparison with the level of the existing FTA agreement excluding Japan.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.1053-1062
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• 2015

This research assesses the implementation of the bilateral fisheries order of the China-Japan fisheries agreement. After establishment of UNCLOS, the China-Japanese fisheries agreement has played as a basis for the fisheries order in the East China Sea. The China-Japanese fisheries agreement intends that the fisheries industries in China and Japan can utilize the renewable natural resources in the East China Sea. As the EEZ of China overlaps with that of Japanese in the East China Sea, the two countries established the China-Japan Provisional Measure Zone and Middle Zone in the Sea. Even though the three coastal States (e.g. Korea, China, and Japan) in the East China Sea are involved in managing these zones, there has been little effort to coordinate each county's management. Additionally, the Taiwan-Japan fisheries agreement, which is for the area of N $27^{\circ}$, has made costal States to establish and implement united measures to conduct effective fisheries management. Regarding access to the joint fishing zone in EEZ, Chinese fisheries regulations have been enforced in the zone because the fishing capacity of China exceeds all of other countries, reducing the number of fishing licenses and catch quotas. It turned out that a nation that has authority over fisheries resources tends to establish specific conditions of fishing operations to maximize its national interest. In the China-Japan Provisional Measure Zone, Chinese and Japanese authorities have introduced united measures to manage fisheries resources. However, in the Middle Zone between China and Japan, there is no regulation on fishing; both countries' fishing vessels can have free access to the zone. Thus, it is recommended that one should introduce an international fisheries management regime for the Middle Zone. In this regard, Korea should play a leading role in establishing the international management regime because Korea has middle position in terms of geographical standpoint, the degree of dependence on commercial fishing, and its fishing capacity.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2019

Purpose - The Korean child welfare services may have different feelings between providers and users. Few studies on the child welfare service quality have been conducted and research on the coorientation model of child welfare services are nonexistent. We compared the perceptions of Korean child welfare service providers and users in this study. It will have many applications in the service quality fields by applying a coorientation model. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to enhance user satisfaction with child welfare services, around 200 samples were carried out both in Busan and Kyungsangnamdo randomly. Seven point Likert scale was used in the questionnaire. Two measurements were made to evaluate the different positions on the part of child welfare service providers and users to assess their mutual orientation. Paired t-test verification was conducted for congruency analysis, and the verification of agreement and accuracy was analyzed by independent t-tests. Results - We empirically examined the differences between the providers and the users stance. The results are as follows. We have verified the statistical significance of the difference in perception between providers and users. We also confirmed a degree of agreement, a degree of congruency, a degree of accuracy and a degree of meta agreement in the study. In the Korean child welfare service quality, the coorientation model of process quality appeared in the form of semi-dissensus, the coorientation model of results quality were shown in the form of ignorances and the coorientation model of physical environment quality were investigated in the form of semi-dissensus. Conclusion - The study concluded that users need to understand more about the providers in order to enhance the coorientation model in process quality and physical environmental quality, and the providers need to persuade the users clearly about the positive factors. To enhance the coorientation model of the result quality, it can be misunderstood by guessing that the other party will positively evaluate it. Therefore, users believe that they need to talk more clearly to the provider about the results of the korean child welfare service quality to reduce misunderstandings and to understand each other about the resulting quality.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.3-23
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• 2017

세계경제의 글로벌화와 함께 국가 간 무역네트워크는 지리적 근접성을 초월해 확장되고 있으며 이러한 무역네트워크의 확장은 세계화를 촉진시키는 역할을 하고 있다. 우리나라는 한 칠레 FTA를 시작으로 지난 10년 동안 명실상부한 FTA 강국으로 자리매김 했으며 단기간의 성공적인 네트워크 구축은 체결국과의 교역증대, 해외시장 점유율 상승 등 긍정적 경제효과가 나타나고 있다. 다른 국가 역시 지역경제 통합 및 양자간 무역협정 네트워크 형성으로 경제 패러다임 전환을 이루고 있어, 전체 RTA 및 FTA 네트워크에 대한 이해를 통한 새로운 기회에 대한 연구의 필요성이 제기되고 있는 시점이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 1960년대부터 현재시점까지의 세계 각국의 RTA 및 FTA 현황을 파악하고 사회네트워크분석을 통해 네트워크 구조와 중심성 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과로 전 세계 FTA 네트워크의 구조는 점차 확장 중에 있으며 초기 유럽중심에서 아시아권 국가들의 성장이 두드러지고 있다. 중심성(Degree, Betweenness, Closeness 및 Eigenvector)분석결과 한국은 짧은 기간 동안 모든 중심성 지표에서 상위권을 차지하며 전략적으로 FTA 성과를 이룬 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구는 FTA를 거시적 관점으로 살펴보고 이를 통해 세계 FTA의 구조와 한국의 FTA 전략을 평가하고 네트워크적 관점의 FTA 네트워크를 평가하였다.