• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.74-85
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• 1996

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of viewing aspects based on formal aesthetics and psychophysica approaches of the MAISAN provincial park for landscape management. Two methods are applied in this study. First, according to the field study with map the quantitative analyses of the viewshed area, visual section and scenery types were achieved, herein the visual landscape characteristics is found. Second, based upon visual preference evaluation of the relationships between the viewing aspects and visual preference scores to landscape slides were measured by questionnaires. The main conclusions obtained by the research are as follows. Visual area of MAISAN has a quite wide viewshed though itself is surrounded. The preference for the visual terminal were change by its characteristics to the visual corridors, view points, viewing types and viewing distance. Especially, the regression analysis between visual preference and viewing distance indicated Y=-3.20X\sup 2\+18.64X+20.64. In this case, viewing distance 794m from O\sub p\ is more important point for visual experience. The viewing types B·C and famous view A obtained a high visual preference score. A visual terminus are viewed along an entire RouteA, so revealed by its evolving spatial containment as to exact the full potential of its changing perspectives. Also we conducted the degree of visual influence by the shade in visual area at MAISAN and clarified viewing vantage Route and point in LSH being necessary for landscape preservation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.3220-3230
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• 2014

본 논문은 세지마 카즈요(Kazuyo Sejima)와 니시자와 류에(Ryue Nishizawa)의 1900년대에서 2000년대 초반까지의 주택작품들을 연구대상으로 한다. 공간구문론(Space Syntax Theory)의 Convex Map을 통한 각 주택의 공간별 통합도(Integration)를 분석하여 개인공간 측면과 공용공간 측면에서 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 제1기(1990년대) 주택에서 제2기(2000년대 전반) 주택으로 갈수록 개인공간과 공용공간의 통합도(Integration) 평균값의 차이가 작아지고 있음을 알 수 있다. 제1기 주택에서 제2기 주택으로 갈수록 대체적으로 개인공간의 통합도 평균값은 높아지고, 공용공간의 통합도 평균값은 낮아져 간극이 좁아지는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 이는 개인공간과 공용공간의 통합도가 서로 비슷해지며 공간 구분의 경계가 모호해지고 있음을 의미한다. 둘째, 개인공간측면에서 살펴보면, 제2기(2000년대 전반) 작품인 S-3(House in a Plum Grove), S-4(House in China)에서의 개인공간들의 통합도 평균값이 10개 작품들중 가장 높은 수치를 보이고 있다. 개인공간은 제1기 보다는 제2기 작품들에서 더 폐쇄도가 떨어지는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있다. 세째, 공용공간측면에서 살펴보면, 제1기(1990년대) 작품인 I-2(Villa in the Forest), I-5(S-House), I-6(Weekend House)에서의 공용공간들의 통합도 평균값이 10개 작품들중 가장 높은 수치를 보이고 있다. 공용공간은 제2기 보다는 제1기 작품들에서 더 중심적이며 개방적인 경향을 보이고 있음을 알 수 있다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권9호
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• pp.1143-1156
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• 2009

The SPACE code that is based on a multi-dimensional two-fluid, three-field model is under development for licensing purposes of pressurized water reactors in Korea. Among the participating research and industrial organizations, KAERI is in charge of developing the physical models and correlation packages for the constitutive equations. This paper introduces a developed wall-to-fluid heat transfer package for the SPACE code. The wall-to-fluid heat transfer package consists of twelve heat transfer subregions. For each sub-region, the models in the existing safety analysis codes and the leading models in literature have been peer reviewed in order to determine the best models which can easily be applicable to the SPACE code. Hence a wall-to-fluid heat transfer region selection map has been developed according to the non-condensable gas quality, void fraction, degree of subcooling, and wall temperature. Furthermore, a partitioning methodology which can take into account the split heat flux to the continuous liquid, entrained droplet, and vapor fields is proposed to comply fully with the three-field formulation of the SPACE code. The developed wall-to-fluid heat transfer package has been pre-tested by varying the independent parameters within the application range of the selected correlations. The smoothness between two adjacent heat transfer regimes has also been investigated. More detailed verification work on the developed wall-to-fluid heat transfer package will be carried out when the coupling of a hydraulic solver with the constitutive equations is brought to completion.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2014

국내 토사 사면 불안정성의 일반적인 형태는 얕은 사면파괴와 토석류로 구분할 수 있다. 일반적으로 이러한 사면파괴는 장기간의 기후변화 영향에 의해 강우강도 및 지속시간에 의존성이 높아지고 있다. 본 연구는 전국 58개 기상관측소에서 최근 38년간 강우 관측 자료를 정량적(지속 시간별 최대강우강도로 분류)으로 이용하여 강우로 발생하는 자연사면의 안정성과 철도나 고속도로와 같은 수직하중이 재하되고 있는 토목섬유로 보강된 성토사면의 불안정성을 평가하고자 한다. 강우패턴에 따른 무한사면과 토목섬유 보강된 유한사면 안정해석은 1973년부터 2010년까지의 기간을 대략 10년 단위로 나누어 관측소별 지속시간에 따른 최대강우량을 산정하여 수행하였다. 기상관측소에서 최대강우강도를 사용하여 불포화 침투해석을 수행하여, 산사태 위험도를 10년 단위별 4단계에 걸쳐 등고선 지도로 나타내었다. 비록 지반조건을 화강풍화토의 평균적인 강도정수와 일반적인 경사로 일정하게 가정하였지만, 장기간 기상관측자료를 토대로 기후 변화에 따른 사면의 불안정성을 예측할 수 있었으며, 기상변화의 경향을 대비할 수 있는 지반구조물의 적절한 설계도움이 되리라 판단된다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.325-332
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• 2007

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is one of the major and evolutionally conserved signaling pathways and plays pivotal role in the regulation of stress and developmental signals in plants. Here, a novel gene, termed Gossypium hirsutum MAPK (GhMAPK), was isolated from cotton. The full-length cDNA of GhMAPK encodes for a 372 amino acid protein that contains all 11 of the MAPK conserved subdomains and the phosphorylationactivation motif, TEY. Amino acid sequence alignment revealed that GhMAPK shared high identity with group-C MAPK in plants and showed 83~89% similarities with MAPKs from Arabidopsis, apricot, pea, petunia, and tobacco. Southern blot analysis indicated that the GhMAPK belonged to a multygene family in cotton. Two introns were found within the region of genomic sequence. Northern blot analysis revealed that the transcripts of GhMAPK accumulated markedly when the cotton seedlings were subjected to various abiotic stimuli such as wounding, cold (4$^{\circ}C$), or salinity stress; Furthermore, GhMAPK was upregulated by the exogenous signaling molecules, such as salicylic acid (SA) and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2C$), as well as pathogen attacks. These results indicate that the GhMAPK, which has a high degree of identity with group-C plant MAPKs, may also play an important role in response to environmental stresses.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to map gene/QTL for photoblastism in a weedy rice (photoblastic rice: PBR) using DNA markers. Light-induced effect on germination of seeds was compared among three accessions (Oryza sativa L.), PBR, Milyang 23 and Ilpum. Results showed that PBR seeds started to show photoblastism during seed development, different from Ilpum and Milyang 23. Frequency distribution of germination in the F4 lines from crosses between Ilpum and PBR and, Milyang 23 and PBR revealed bimodal distributions suggesting that photoblastism was controlled by a few genes. Bulked segregant analysis using $F_4$ populations derived from the above two crosses was conducted to identify gene/QTL for photoblastism. Two QTL were identified on chromosomes 1 and 12 explaining 11.2 and 12.8% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Two QTL were further mapped between two SSR markers, RM8260 and RM246 on chromosome 1, and between RM270 and 1103 on chromosome 12. It is noteworthy that two QTL for photoblastism were colocalized with the QTL for seed dormancy reported in the previous QTL studies. The clustering of two genes for photoblastism and dormancy possibly indicates that these regions constitute rice phytochrome gene clusters related to germination. Because PBR has a low degree of dormancy, a pleiotropic effect of a single gene controlling dormancy and photoblastism can be ruled out. The linked markers will provide the foundation for positional cloning of the gene.

• Plant Breeding and Biotechnology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Low-temperature stress is an important factor controlling the growth and development of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in temperate region. In this study, a molecular linkage map consisting of 136 SSR markers was employed to identify QTL associated with cold tolerance at the seedling stage. 80 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from an intersubspecific cross between Milyang23 (O. sativa ssp. Indica) and Hapcheonaengmi3, a japonica weedy rice and the parents were evaluated for leaf discoloration and SAPD value of seedlings. Rice plants were grown for 15 days in the low-temperature condition (13/20℃ day/night) and the control condition (25/20℃ day/night) in the growth chamber. The degree of leaf discoloration showed a highly significant correlation with the SPAD value in the low-temperature plot (r = -0.708, P < 0.0001). A total of four QTLs for SPAD were identified and the phenotypic variance explained by each QTL ranged from 5.4 to 16.0%. Two QTLs detected in the control condition were located on chromosomes 2 and 5, respectively. Two QTL on chromosomes 1 and 4 were detected at the low-temperature condition and Hapcheonaengmi3 alleles increased the SPAD values at these loci. Substitution mapping was conducted to delimit the position of qSPA-4 using introgression lines derived from the same cross. Results indicated that qSPA-4 was located in a 810-Kb region flanked by RM16333 and RM16368. The results indicated that Hapcheonaengmi3 contains QTL alleles that are likely to improve cold tolerance of Indica rice.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.1011-1020
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 미급수지역의 주요 수원인 지하수위 현황을 이용한 가뭄 모니터링 기법을 개발하기 위해 256개의 국가지하수관측망 관측 자료를 이용하여 관측소별, 월별 수위분포를 핵밀도함수로 추정하였다. 추정된 누적분포함수를 이용하여 월별 지하수위의 분위수를 구하고, 분위수를 정규화 하여 표준지하수지수(SGI)를 산정하였다. 관측소별로 산정된 SGI는 티센망을 이용하여 167개 시군별 SGI로 변환하였다. SGI의 범위에 따른 가뭄등급을 설정하여 시군별 지하수 가뭄 정도를 모니터링 할 수 있는 기법을 제시하였다. 이를 통해 계측이 이루어지지 않는 미급수지역의 지하수가뭄상황을 국가지하수관측망을 활용해 간접적으로 판단할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.145-145
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• 2017

Foxglove aphid, Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach), is a Hemipteran insect that infected a wide variety of plants worldwide and caused serious yield losses in crops. The objective of this study was to identify the putative genes to foxglove aphid resistance in wild soybean, PI 366121 (Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc.). One hundred and forty-one F4:8 recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between susceptible variety, Williams 82 and foxglove aphid resistance wild soybean, PI 366121 were used. The two type of resistance response, antibiosis and antixenosis resistance were evaluated through choice and no-choice test, graded by the degree of total plant damage and primary infestation leaf damage; a genome-wide molecular linkage map was constructed with 29,898 single-nucleotide polymorphism markers utilizing a Axiom(R) 180K soyaSNP array. Using inclusive composite interval mapping analysis for foxglove aphid resistance, one major candidate QTL on chromosome 7 was identified. The major QTL on chromosome 7 showed both antixenosis and antibiosis resistance responses. The newly identified major QTL was consistent with previously reported QTL, Raso2, which showed around 5 times narrow down interval range with 8 candidate genes. Furthermore, total 1,115 soybean varieties including Glycine soja and Glycine max were exposed to germplasm screening, and 31 varieties, which showed significant antibiosis type foxglove aphid resistance were identified. This result could be useful in breeding for new foxglove aphid resistant soybean cultivars and developing novel insecticides.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2005

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify correlations between diffusion tensor imaging[DTI] and motor improvement by quantifying and visualizing the corticospinal tract on DTI to predict motor impairment in patients with hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage[ICH]. Methods : Fifteen normal subjects and 7 patients with hypertensive ICH were examined and the latter were treated surgically. DTI was performed with a 3.0 T MRI. The region of interest[ROI] from the posterior limbs of both internal capsules was measured on a fractional anisotropy[FA] map, and the ratios of ROIs were calculated. Tractography, 3-dimensional DTI was then constructed. Motor impairment was assessed on admission and 2weeks after stroke by the Motricity Index[MI]. The FA ratio, tractography and score on MI were analyzed for correlations. Results : The FA ratio from the initial DTI did not show a linear correlation with motor impairment. However, after 2weeks, patients with high FA ratios showed high degrees of motor recovery, regardless of the initial severity, and patients with low FA ratios showed low recovery rates. Otherwise, a relationship between the amount of hematoma and the degree of motor recovery could not be determined. On tractography, injury of the corticospinal tract could be visualized and estimated 3-dimensionally. Conclusion : FA ratio analysis and tractography constructed from DTI may be useful in understanding corticospinal tract injury and in predicting the recovery from motor impairment in patients.