• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.1139-1144
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• 2003

This paper addresses a theoretical study to calculate the amount of the stored energy due to vacancies during high-strain-rate deformation. The study concerns the role of excess vacancies, which can play an important role to increase the amount of stored energy. Molecular dynamics simulation using a 3D model is carried out and the result clearly shows that the excess vacancies are credited to generation of the stored energy.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2014

To analyze the tension performance of laminated rubber bearings under tensile loading, a theoretical tension model for analyzing the rubber bearings is proposed based on the theory of elasticity. Applying the boundary restraint condition and the assumption of incompressibility of the rubber (Poisson's ratio of the rubber material is about 0.5 according the existing research results), the stress and deformation expressions for the tensile rubber layer are derived. Based on the derived expressions, the stress distribution and deformation pattern especially for the deformation shapers of the free edges of the rubber layer are analyzed and validated with the numerical results, and the theory of cracking energy is applied to analyze the distributions of prediction cracking energy density and gradient direction. The prediction of crack initiation and crack propagation direction of the rubber layers is investigated. The analysis results show that the stress and deformation expressions can be used to simulate the stress distribution and deformation pattern of the rubber layer for laminated rubber bearings in the elastic range, and the crack energy method of predicting failure mechanism are feasible according to the experimental phenomenon.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.14 no.4 s.76
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• pp.375-383
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• 2005

The shear spinning process, where the plastic deformation zone is localized in a very small portion of the workpiece, shows a promise for increasingly broader application to the production of axially symmetric parts. In this paper, the three components of the working force are calculated by a newly proposed deformation model in which the spinning process is understood as shearing deformation after uniaxial yielding by bending, and shear stress, $\tau_{rz}$, becomes k, yield limit in pure shear, in the deformation zone. The tangential force are first calculated and the feed force and the normal force are obtained by the assumption of uniform distribution of roller pressure on the contact surface. The optimum contact area is obtained by minimizing the bending energy required to get the assumed deformation of the blank. The calculated forces are compared with experimental results. A comparison shows that theoretical prediction is reasonably in good agreement with experimental results

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.177-185
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• 2000

The deformation characteristics is one of the major factors to resume the crash configuration in collision accident reconstruction. Crash analysis are carried out using finite element method and body stiffness equations representing force-deformation relationship are derived, Two different crash conditions : 1) frontal barrier impact 2) frontal impact between cars are given for the derivation of the equations. The stiffness coefficient of equation by method 2) is larger than that by method. 1). Crash analysis between two vehicles is accomplished with three crash angles and three velocities for each angle condition. The deformations are measured for six selected points and deformation energies are calculated using the derived equations. Equation by method 2) results in better estimation of deformation energy than that by method 1) for all crush configurations. The estimated energies can be utilized as one of indices to identify the type of the collision accident result.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.139-141
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• 2007

Compression tests were carried out to investigate morphologies of compressed specimen, deformation microstructure and stress-strain relation in high-nitrogen austenite stainless steel. Tests were performed under a wide range of temperature and, with true strain rates up to $\dot{\varepsilon}$ =0.05, 0.1, 0.5 and $1.0s^{-1}$. The activation energy of loading force was equal to plastic deformation energy within the temperature range of $900^{\circ}C$ to $1250^{\circ}C$. Dynamically recrystallized grain size decreased with an increasing strain rate and temperature. Flow stresses and deformation microstructures, were used to quantify the critical strain rate and recrystallized grain size. The grain size versus strain rate-temperature map obtained in the study was in good agreement with the deformation microstructures of compressed specimens.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.1306-1313
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• 2004

This paper addresses a theoretical approach to calculate the amount of the stored energy during high strain-rate deformations using atomistic level simulation. The dynamic behavior of materials at high strain-rate deformation are of great interest. At high strain-rates deformations, materials generate heat due to plastic work and the temperature rise can be significant, affecting various properties of the material. It is well known that a small percent of the energy input is stored in the material, and most of input energy is converted into heat. However, microscopic analysis has not been completed without construction of a material model, which can simulate the movement of dislocations and vacancies. A major cause of the temperature rise within materials is traditionally credited to dislocations, vacancies and other defects. In this study, an atomistic material model for FCC such as copper is used to calculate the stored energy.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.181-191
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• 2002

The homogenization method is applied to maximize crash energy absorption for a given volume. Optimization analysis off closed-hat type example problem is conducted with different impact velocities and thicknesses. The results show that the bending-type deformation for the original design is changed to the folding-type deformation for a new design with a hole, which is partly due to the increase of the crash energy absorption for the new design. Dynamic mean crushing loads of the original and new design are compared with those by the theoretical equation by Wierzbicki. It shows that the dynamic mean crushing loads of new designs are very close to those by Wierzbicki's equation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.548-554
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• 1996

A new method to locate modular fixtures using an optimization technique is proposed. The optimal fixture arrangement is derived to minimize the elastic deformation of a workpiece. That is, a fixture arrangement is regarded better if it minimized the elastic deformation of the workpiece while fixing a workpart of course. In this approach, the workpiece is projected into two dimensional domain to simplify the 3-dimensional fixture arrangement problem into 2-dimensional one. Thus the problem is reduced to find the optimal positions of one horizontal clamp and three locators which minimize the total deformation of the workpiece and the design variables are the location of the contact points between the boundary of the workpiece and the 4-fixels. The Genetic Algorithm is used for the optimization by mapping each design variables to a gene of a chromosome. The fitness value is the total strain energy of the workpiece calculated by the fin element analysis.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2019

The effect of C, Mn, and Al additions on the tensile and Charpy impact properties of austenitic high-manganese steels for cryogenic applications is investigated in terms of the deformation mechanism dependent on stacking fault energy and austenite stability. The addition of the alloying elements usually increases the stacking fault energy, which is calculated using a modified thermodynamic model. Although the yield strength of austenitic high-manganese steels is increased by the addition of the alloying elements, the tensile strength is significantly affected by the deformation mechanism associated with stacking fault energy because of grain size refinement caused by deformation twinning and mobile dislocations generated during deformation-induced martensite transformation. None of the austenitic high-manganese steels exhibit clear ductile-brittle transition behavior, but their absorbed energy gradually decreases with lowering test temperature, regardless of the alloying elements. However, the combined addition of Mn and Al to the austenitic high-manganese steels suppresses the decrease in absorbed energy with a decreasing temperature by enhancing austenite stability.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2000

Impact behaviors of the large deformable composites of Kevlar fiber reinforced composites of different preform structures have been investigated. An analytic tool was developed to characterize the impact behavior of the Kevlar composites. The image analysis technique, and deply technique were employed to develop energy balance equation under impact loading. An energy method was employed to establish the impact energy absorption mechanism of Kevlar multiaxial warp knitted composites. The total impact energy was classified into four categories including delamination energy, membrane energy, bending energy and rebounding energy under low velocity impact. Membrane and bending energy were calculated from the image analysis of the deformed shape of impacted specimen and delamination energy was calculated using the deplying technique. Also, the impact behavior of Kevlar composites under high velocity impact of full penetration of the composite specimen was studied. The energy absorption mechanisms under high velocity impact were modelled and the absorbed energy was classified into global deformation energy, shear-out energy, deformation energy and fiber breakage energy. The total energy obtained from the model corresponded reasonably well with the experimental results.