• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.85-99
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• 2009

This book was completed in the 33rd year of Gang-hui-gapsul(康熙 甲戌) in the Cheong(淸) dynasty(1694), and was first inscribed in the 55th year of Geonryung(乾隆). In this first edition named 'Daechudangbon(大雅堂本)', his descendant Jinbonghui(陳鳳輝) wrote the postscript. There are also other editions such as 'Ga-gyeong-ganchwihyeondangbon(嘉慶間聚賢堂本)', 'Wimundanggeonsangbon(緯文堂巾箱本)' and 'Guangseo-ganseonseongdangbon(光緒間善成堂本)' Second, this book was called "Oe-gwabirok(外科秘錄)" and used the pen name 'Gibaekchunsasojeon(岐伯天師所傳)'. There are 16 volumes in total. The beginning of volume one, is a drawing of the 14 meridians. Volumes 1$\sim$4 are on the symptoms and treatment of abscesses and sores and ulcers[癰疽瘡瘍]. Volumes 5$\sim$13 are on surgery, dermatology and 156 diseases such as wounds by contusion, sharp objects and insects and beasts[跌撲, 金刃, 蟲獸傷]. Volumes 14$\sim$16 list the internal treatments, external medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion and surgery of sores and ulcers. Third, the book stressed early detection and treatment of diseases, emphasized inner resolving[內消] being cautious about using medicine, and further deepened the syndrome differentiation and treatment[辨證施治] of sores and ulcers[瘡瘍] by dividing fire toxin(火毒) into Eumhwa and Yanghwa(陰火/陽火). Also, it established the cause of sores and ulcers development as the deficiency of Gi(氣) and blood[血] and focused especially on the liver and kidney's involvement in the process. It also asserted that the pathogen[邪] is the tip[標], so one should eliminate and reinforce[攻補] to balance it out. The sore and ulcer surgery[瘡瘍外科] part is mostly based on detoxifying[解毒] and resolving[消散]. Although the meridians were mentioned, they were not emphasized, while moxibustion treatment of sores and ulcers[瘡瘍] were thoroughly analyzed. Also, of all 550 formulas in this book, 90% are experience-based which frequently use Geum-eunhwa(金銀花), Pogong-yeong(蒲公英) and Jahwajijeong(紫花地丁). The usages are unique, and the formulas have good adaptability. The symptoms of the diseases are explained first, followed by according main and sub treatments.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.425-434
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• 2011

Objectives : Hypothyroidism is the most common pathological disease of the endocrine system. Morinda Officinalis Radix has been used in treatment of Yang deficiency. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Morinda Officinalis Radix on a rat model of hypothyroidism induced by 6-propyl, 2-thiouracil (PTU). Methods : Two-month-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were used with injection of PTU which induced rats into hypo-thyroidism. During 2 weeks, rats were treated with Morinda Officinalis Radix and thyroxine. Body weights were checked every week, the after 4 weeks, biochemical analyses were performed. The levels of T3, T4 and TSH was measured by EILSA. Results : In the Morinda Officinalis Radix group, we could observe the level of T4 significantly increased and TSH level significantly decreased. Conclusions : Morinda Officinalis Radix could help the thyroid to produce thyroid hormones under PTU suppression. There is no harm effect on liver and kidney function, or other metabolism. According to these results it could help to treat hypothyroidism patients and relieve their symptoms.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.286-291
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• 2002

Urinary tract infection(UTI) is one of the common complications in stroke patients. As it has negative effect on the recovery of stroke, it should be cured out immediately. But antibiotics might cause some adverse reactions such as diarrhea, eruption, anorexia, nausea and vomiting. so there have been several reports about treating urinary tract infection with Traditional Korean Medication. We treated a 54-year-old male patient with cerebral hemorrhage, who had had neurogenic bladder after stroke and had been urinated by intermittent catheterization. About 10 days later, he could void by himself without catheter, but showing the symptoms of UTI; Voiding pain, hematuria and yellowish pus. The pus culture grew Staphylococcus spp., which was resistant to most of antibiotics except vancomycin and teicoplanin. Based on accompanying symptoms of intermittent dizziness, headache, insomnia, nocturnal sweating, weak pulse, red tongue and urinary problem, we differentiated him as the deficiency of Yin of the Kidney[腎陰虛] and treated with Gagamyookmijihwang-tang (Jia-Jian-Liu-Wei-De- Huang-Tang), which improved his urinary symptoms and other general conditions without any side effect. In next follow-up culture, there was no pathogen. We conclude that Traditional Korean Medicine based on differentiation is useful in the treatment of urinary tract infection.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.13-22
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• 2011

Objectives: The symptoms of hypothyroidism are fatigue, cold intolerance, arthralgia, muscle cramps, dry skin and etc. Although hypothyroidism is a relatively common endocrinical disease, we do have many difficulties treating it effectively. The symptoms of hypothyroidism are similar to those of Yang-deficiency in Oriental medicine. Epimedii Herba is a popular herb that has the effect of tonifying the kidney and strengthening Yang in Oriental medicine. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of Epimedii Herba on a hypothyroidism rat model induced by PTU(6-Propyl, 2-thiouracil). Methods: 24 two-month-old Spargue-Dawley(SD) rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) normal(n=6), 2) PTU-induced hypothyroidism control(n=6), 3) hypothyroidism rat treated with Epimedii Herba(n=6), 4) hypothyroidism rat treated with levothyroxine(n=6). PTU was administered for 4 weeks, Epimedii Herba and levothyroxine was administered for 2 weeks after PTU was initiated for a total duration of 2 week. At the end of the experiment, blood samples from all the rats were taken from their hearts and were analyzed. Results: In comparison with normal group, the PTU-induced control group significantly showed hypothyroidism with low T3, T4 and high TSH. In Epimedii Herba group, T4 was significantly increased(p<0.05). There was no significant difference in TSH between the Epimedii Herba treatment group and the control group. And no significant differences were observed in biochemical labs and weight between the Epimedii Herba group and the control group. Conclusions: These results suggest that Epimedii Herba could help thyroid cells to produce thyroid hormones. And no significant side effects related with Epimedii Herba were found, suggesting that it is safe to administer. According to these results, Epimedii Herba may be a safe alternative medicine for hypothyroidism.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare hair and alopecia of Korean Medicine with those of western medicine. Methods : We studied relationships between hair and essense(精), qi(氣), blood(血), five vicera(五臟) and meridians(經絡) through literature review about hair and alopecia. We compared Korean medicine with western medicine on physiology of hair and treatment of alopecia based on the study. Results & Conclusion : 1. Congenital essense(先天之精) is related with genetic factor and acquired essence(後天之精) is connected with nutritional factor. Defending function of Defense qi(衛氣) is related with immune reaction and qi stagnation(氣鬱) is associated with stress reaction. Atrophy of vascular tissues observed in alopecia scalp means deep relationship between blood(血) and alopecia, further deficiency of blood can cause telogen effluvium. 2. Kidney qi(腎氣) is related with inhibiting combination of Androgen receptor and Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) or activating hair growth factior. Pi(脾) is connected with alopecia seborrheica caused by damp-heat(濕熱) and alopecia areata caused by excessive prudence(思慮過度). Heart(心) is associated with atrophy in vascular tissue of scalp and liver(肝) is connected with metabolism. 3. Armpit hair and pubic hair as secondary sex characteristics are realated with Yangming Meridian(陽明經) and beard and hair at crown part where Type II $5{\alpha}$-reductase is activated much are associated with Taiyang Meridian(太陽經). 4. Juglandis Semen pharmacopuncture and Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopucture have better effects on inhibit $5{\alpha}$-reductase than Finasteride. Minoxidil and PRP are similar with promoting blood flow and removing stasis(活血祛瘀). Seven-star needling(七星針) is similar with microneedling. 5. Alopecia can be caused by due to lack of circulation Views we need solution to improve circulation coincide in opinion with Korean Medicine and Western medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.177-192
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• 2004

Objectives : This study is designed to investigate the pathology, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy applicable of the dementia through literature of oriental medicine. Results : The findings of this study are as follows ; 1. The cause of dementia is internal damage of seven emotions(七情內傷), deficiency of the kidney essence(腎精不足), retention of dampness in the mental(痰迷心竅). 2. The acupuncture meridians used often for dementia are $Tok-maek(GV),\;Chok-t'aeyang\;Pang-gwang-Ky\check{o}ng(BL),\;Chok-yangm\check{o}yng\;Wi-Ky\check{o}ng(ST),\;Su-gwor\check{u}m\;Shimp'o-Ky\check{o}ng(PC),\;Su-so\check{u}m\;Shim-Ky\check{o}ng(HT)$. 3. The spots on the body suiTable for acupuncture used for therapy of the dementia are 98 points and extra points are 6 points, total therapeutic acupunture points are 104 points. And acupunture points are frequently used Shinmun(神門-HT7, 24), Paek'oe(百會-GV20, 19), Chok-samni(足三里-ST36, 18), Sugu(水溝-GV26, 17), P'ungnyung(豊隆-ST40, 16), Taech'u(大椎-GV14, 14), $Sam\check{u}mgyo(三陰交-SP6,\;14)$, Shimsu(心兪-BL15, 14), $Taen\check{u}ng(大陵-PC7,\;11)$, Nogung(勞宮-PC8, 11), Sosang(少商-LU11, 10), Kansa(間使-PC5, 10), Naegwan(內關-PC6, 10). 4. The acupoints used often on moxibustion are Paek'oe(百會-GV20), Chang-gang(長强-GV1), Taech'u(大椎-GV14), Kansa(間使-PC5). Conclusion : It is recommended that further study of many sided investigations in the future.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.45-62
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• 2021

Objectives : To study the characteristics and meaning of the division pharmaceutical method in the Donguibogam through analysis of formulas that apply such method. Methods : Each formula applying the division method within the Donguibogam was analyzed Results & Conclusions : In the Donguibogam, medicinals to which the division pharmaceutical method was applied were baizhu[白朮], cangzhu[蒼朮], zhiqiao[枳殼], wuzhuyu[吳茱萸], xiangfuzi[香附子], chuanlianzi[川練子], huangbo[黃柏], etc. Formulas where this method was used were few, while the four methods that were used, together with the Center represents the principle of the five phases. The formulas that applied the division method usually did not adopt the tablet or decoction form, which means they were meant to treat slowly, treating deficiency or stagnation diseases due to problems in the middle-lower body such as the Spleen, Liver and Kidney. It could be said that compared to other more common formulas, this was a unique method. The division pharmaceutical method allows for usage of a wider variety of processing methods compared to single ingredient formulas, while there is lower chance of interference among the different types of processing. Another benefit is that the properties of the main medicinal ingredient could be preserved as much as possible. In addition, the division method allows for the main ingredient and the processed ingredient to interact exclusively, after which the processed medicinal is eliminated leaving only the main ingredient. This allows for maximum improvement of the main ingredient. The division method includes the principles of formula composition as well, whose concept could be positioned between single ingredient formulas and common formulas.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.327-337
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to review the current clinical studies about the effect of herbal medicine for Parkinson's disease in China over the last 5 years and then to suggest the foundation for treatment and further studies. We had searched for studies in China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI, http://www.cnki.net) and PubMed from January 2010 to December 2014. Key words were the various combinations of '帕金森', '湯', '丸', '散', '中醫藥', 'Parkinson's disease', and 'herbal medicine'. Total 53 clinical studies were selected and analyzed. The most frequently used diagnostic criteria of Parkinson's disease was the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale(UPDRS). The most frequently used medical herb was Paeoniae Radix alba(白芍藥) more 30 times and the highest amount was Astragali radix(黃芪) 100g per day. The most frequent syndrome differentiation was liver kidney yin deficiency(肝腎陰 虛). We found out there are many clinical studies of herbal medicine for Parkinson's disease in China. These studies would be able to provide the basis of clinical research on Parkinson's disease, and also applied to the treatment of Parkinson's disease in Korea.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2004

Schinzel-Giedion syndrome is a rare, distinct dysmorphic syndrome characterized by congenital hydronephrosis, skeletal dysplasia, and severe developmental retardation, likely to be inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, but not yet confirmed. This syndrome is characterized by coarse facial features such as midfacial retraction, bulging forehead, short nose with anteverted nostrils, low-set malformed ears, protruding large tongue, and hypertelorism. Skeletal and limb defects, choanal stenosis, simian creases, hypospadias, microphallus, hypertrichosis, and intractable seizures are the frequently associated clinical findings. Urogenital involvement is a major component of the syndrome, and this problem sometimes is associated with nephrocalcinosis and urinary tract infection in the clinical course of the disease. We report a 22 month-old girl with Schinzel-Giedion syndrome complicated by medullary nephrocalcinosis and urinary tract infection due to Klebsiella pneumoniae. This patient had also been suffering from postnatal growth deficiency, intractable seizure, spastic tetraplegia, delayed development and severe mental retardation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1292-1298
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• 2009

Sipjeon-Daebo-Tang (SDT) is indicated for deficiency syndrome of both gi and blood, marked by pale or sallow complexion, dizziness, lassitude, shortness of breath, dislike for talking, poor appetite, pale tongue with thin whitish fur, thready and weak pulse. Gami-Sipjeon-Daebo-Tang(GSDT) is composed of 10 herbs within SDT and Cervi Pantotrichum Cornu (CPC). CPC can noursh kidney-yang, promote the production of the essence and blood, strengthen tendons and bones. Recently SDT is known as anti-cancer drug. Especially CPC is reported to have anti-oxidative action. For these reasons, we investigated the protective effects on cell death induced by chemicals such as paraquat, hydrogen peroxide and anti-oxidative effects in C6 glioma cells. In our results, GSDT accelerated proliferation rates of C6 cells in vitro. In addition, protective effects on cell death induced by hydrogen peroxide and rotenone. In addition, SOD activities were increased by treatment with both SDT and GSDT. In conclusion, these results suggest the possibility of GSDT to protect brain cell or neuronal cell from damage induced by oxidative stress. And also suggest that related mechanisms are involved in SOD activities.