• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.79-107
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• 2023

Objectives : This study aims to improve the diagnosis and treatment of contemporary insomnia by examining Zhang Jiebin's discussion on treating insomnia. Methods : The classical texts from the 'Insomnia' chapter of the Jingyue Quanshu were examined threefold in terms of symptom, treatment, and prescription analysis, after which the treatment discussion part was examined within the historical context of discussions on insomnia in major medical texts starting from the Huangdineijing. Results : According to Zhang, the cause of insomnia could be divided into two, after which criteria for diagnosis and treatment were set as excess pathogen and vital qi deficiency. He argued that insomnia could be naturally resolved through improvement of various pathogenic situations. Discussions on insomnia from various medical texts since the Huangdineijing suggest that pathology related to psychological function and emotions gradually increased and expanded over time. Conclusions : Zhang's discussion on symptom, treatment and prescriptions of insomnia suggests a new framework that could improve treatment effects through a Korean Medical Mind-Body approach, rather than the contemporary classification of organic insomnia and non-organic insomnia.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.43-54
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• 2020

Objectives : The goal of this study is developing standardized pattern identification of dizziness using delphi method. Methods : The pattern identification of dizziness which derived through literature review is studied by delphi method. A group of 9 experts of korean medicine participated in Delphi examination. Experts carried out evaluating and correcting the pattern identification and symptoms by e-mail. Results : Through 3 delphi examinations, final standardized pattern identification of dizziness was suggested. It consisted of 2 items of excess syndrome, 2 items of excess-deficiency combination syndrome, and 3 items of deficiency syndrome. Conclusions : By the delphi examinations among experts, a standardized pattern identification of dizziness was suggested. These pattern identification will contribute to research and treatment of korean medicine. Further study is necessary for modification of pattern identification by practical clinical use.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2021

Among the ancient ideas of East Asia, there is a myth about the symbol of the Four Gods who commands all directions in the east, south, west, and north, and this is also reflected in the medical field. However, although there is discussion about Qinglong Decoction (青龍湯), Baihu Decoction (白虎湯) and Xuanwu Decoction (玄武湯) in the 『Shanghan Lun (傷寒論)』, there is no content focusing on Zhuniao decoction (朱鳥湯). Considering the consistent perspective of 『Shanghan Lun』, which recognizes the disease-syndrome and seeks prescriptions based on yin and yang thinking, this is very unusual. Therefore, in this study, it was revealed that the concept of 'Sishen Decoction (四神湯)' itself was a concept that emerged when the authors of 『Shanghan Lun』 established the 'eight-principles syndrome differentiation (八綱辨證)' system in their recognition and response to diseases-syndromes. Based on this, I considered the following possibilities: They were able to present Qinglong decoction, Baihu Decoction and Xuanwu decoction, as appropriate prescriptions for 'exterior cold excess syndrome (表寒實證)', 'interior heat deficiency syndrome (裏熱虛證)', and 'interior cold deficiency syndrome (裏熱實證)'. However, it is possible that the name of the prescription 'Zhuniao decoction' was not intentionally used, because it was not possible to provide an appropriate prescription for 'exterior cold excess syndrome (表熱實證)'.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.45-78
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• 2023

Objectives : Based on the Zangfuyaoshibuzheng of Zhang Shanlei, this paper examines the tip/root division of the Zangfu, features of medicinal application according to deficiency/excess or cold/heat, and erroneous cases in the Zangfuxushibiaobenyongyaoshi of Zhang Jiegu. Methods : Categorization according to tip/root, cold/heat, deficiency/excess and respective medicinal applications in the Zangfuxushibiaobenyongyaoshi were organized, followed by thorough analysis based on the annotations in the Zangfuyaoshibuzheng. Results : First, in the treatment principle of the Zangfu diseases, each of their physiological function and pathological mechanism were analyzed so that the disease patterns are understood accurately and treated accordingly. Second, in categorizing treatment methods, terminology application was modified in overlapping or ambiguous cases so that they could be better distinguished. Third, medicinal categories that were designated to treat each Zangfu disease were explained well based on unique features. In cases where medicinals were falsely included, they were identified and corrected based on sound reasoning. Conclusions : The pattern diagnosis in the Zangfuyaoshibuzheng is clear, and medicinal application analysis is intelligible. As it thoroughly corrects and revises errors in Zhang Jiegu's theories, it could provide valuable assistance in selecting each medicinals when treating disease patterns of the Five Zang.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.345-353
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• 2020

일반철도의 경우 운행속도가 다양한 여객열차와 화물열차가 혼용되기 때문에 차량이 곡선구간을 주행할 경우에는 승객의 승차감과 열차의 주행안전성을 확보하기 위하여 최소곡선반경을 설정하고 운행속도에 적합한 균형캔트, 부족캔트 및 초과캔트 설정범위를 만족하는 캔트를 설정하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 선로의 곡선반경, 캔트, 열차속도의 상관관계를 분석하여 열차종별 운행속도, 부족캔트와 초과캔트에 대한 기준을 만족하는 캔트범위를 분석하고 곡선반경에 대한 현재 설계기준의 적정성을 검토하여 최적의 최소곡선반경을 제시하고자 한다. 또한, 회귀분석을 통한 열차혼용시 운행 빈도에 따른 열차운행속도를 산정하여 고속열차 횟수비에 따른 균형캔트와 곡선반경별 설정캔트 범위를 산정하였다. 위의 결과를 바탕으로 최소곡선반경과 설정캔트의 적정범위를 제시함으로써 노반과 궤도설계에 반영하여 운영노선의 속도향상, 부족캔트에 의한 승차감저하 및 탈선위험을 방지하고, 초과캔트에 의한 하중편중을 최소화하여 곡선선로를 주행하는 열차의 주행안전성 확보와 선로유지관리 효율성을 향상하고자 하였다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.211-243
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate the cause, symptom, treatment, medicine of Wei symptom through the literature of oriental and western medicine. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Wei symptom is the symptom that reveals muscle relaxation without contraction and muscle relaxation occures in the lower limb or upper limb, in severe case, leads to death. 2. Since the pathology and etiology of Wei symptom was first described as "pe-yeol-yeop-cho"(肺熱葉焦) in Hung Ti Nei Ching(黃帝內經), for generations most doctors had have accepted it. but after Dan Ge(丹溪), it had been classified into seven causes, damp-heat(濕熱), phlegm-damp(濕痰), deficiency of qi(氣虛), deficiency of blood(血虛), deficiency of yin(陰處), stagnant blood(死血), stagnant food(食積). Chang Gyeng Ag(張景岳) added the cause of deficiency of source qi(元氣). 3. The concept of "To treat Yangming, most of all"(獨治陽明) was emphasized in the treatment of Wei symptom and contains nourishment of middle warmer energy(補益中氣), clearance of yangming-damp-heat(淸化陽明濕熱). 4. Since Nei-ching era(內經時代), Wei and Bi symptom(痺症) is differenciated according to the existence of pain. After Ming era(明代) appeared theory of co-existence of Wei symptom and pain or numbness but they were accepted as a sign of Wei symptom caused by the pathological factor phelgm(痰), damp(濕), stagnancy(瘀). 5. In the western medical point of view, Wei symptom is like paraplegia, or tetraplegia. and according to the causative disease, it is accompanied by dysesthesia, paresthsia, pain. thus it is more recommended to use hwal-hyel-hwa-ae(活血化瘀) method considering damp-heat(濕熱), qi deficiency of spleen and stornach(脾胃氣虛) as pathological basis than to simply differenciate Wei and Bi symptom according to the existence of pain. 6. The cause of Gullian-Barre syndrome(GBS) is consist of two factors, internal and external. Internal factors include asthenia of spleen and stomach, and of liver and kidney. External factors include summur-damp(暑濕), damp-heat(濕熱), cold-damp(寒濕) and on the basis of "classification and treatment according to the symptom of Zang-Fu"(臟腑辨證論治), the cause of GBS is classified into injury of body fluid by lung heat(肺熱傷津), infiltration of damp-heat(濕熱浸淫), asthenia of spleen and kidney(脾腎兩虛), asthenia of spleen and stomach(脾胃虛弱), asthenia of liver and kidney (肝腎兩虛). 7. The cause of GBS is divided by according to the disease developing stage: Early stage include dryness-heat(燥熱), damp(濕邪), phlegm(痰濁), stagnant blood(瘀血), and major treatment is reducing of excess(瀉實). Late stage include deficiency of essence(精虛), deficiency with excess(虛中挾實), and essencial deficiency of liver and kidney(肝腎精不足) is major point of treatment. 8. Following is the herbal medicine of GBS according to the stage. In case of summur-damp(暑濕), chung-seu-iki-tang(淸暑益氣湯) is used which helps cooling and drainage of summer-damp(淸利暑濕), reinforcement of qi and passage of collateral channels(補氣通絡). In case of damp-heat, used kun-bo-hwan(健步丸), In case of cool-damp(寒濕), used 'Mahwang-buja-sesin-tang with sam-chul-tang'(麻黃附子細辛湯合蓼朮湯). In case of asthenia of spleen and kidney, used 'Sam-lyeng-baik-chul san'(蔘笭白朮散), In case of asthenia of liver and kidney, used 'Hojam-hwan'(虎潛丸). 9. Following is the herbal medicine of GBS according to the "classification and treatment according to the symptom of Zang-Fu"(臟腑辨證論治). In the case of injury of body fluid by lung heat(肺熱傷津), 'Chung-jo-gu-pae-tang'(淸燥救肺湯) is used. In case of 'infiltration of damp-heat'(濕熱浸淫), us-ed 'Yi-myo-hwan'(二妙丸), In case of 'infiltration of cool-damp'(寒濕浸淫), us-ed 'Yui-lyung-tang', In case of asthenia of spleen, used 'Sam-lyung-bak-chul-san'. In case of yin-deficiency of liver and kidney(肝腎陰虛), used 'Ji-bak-ji-hwang-hwan'(知柏地黃丸), or 'Ho-jam-hwan'(虎潛丸). 10. Cervical spondylosis with myelopathy is occuered by compression or ischemia of spinal cord. 11. The cause of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy consist of 'flow disturbance of the channel points of tai-yang'(太陽經兪不利), 'stagnancy of cool-damp'(寒濕凝聚), 'congestion of phlegm-damp stagnant substances'(痰濕膠阻), 'impairment of liver and kidney'(肝腎虛損). 12. In treatment of cervical spondylosis with myelopathy, are used 'Ge-ji-ga-gal-geun-tang-gagam'(桂枝加葛根湯加減), 'So-hwal-lack-dan-hap-do-hong-eum-gagam(小活絡丹合桃紅飮加減), 'Sin-tong-chuck-ue-tang-gagam(身痛逐瘀湯加減), 'Do-dam-tang-hap-sa-mul-tang-gagam'(導痰湯合四物湯加減), 'Ik-sin-yang-hyel-guen-bo-tang'(益腎養血健步湯加減), 'Nok-gakyo-hwan-gagam'(鹿角膠丸加減). 13. The cause of muscle dystropy is related with 'the impairement of vital qi'(元氣損傷), and 'impairement of five Zang organ'(五臟敗傷). Symptoms and signs are classified into asthenia of spleen and stomach, deficiency with excess, 'deficiency of liver and kidney'(肝腎不足) infiltration of damp-heat, 'deficiency of qi and blood'(氣血兩虛), 'yang deficiency of spleen and kidney'(脾腎陽虛). 14. 'Bo-jung-ik-gi-tang'(補中益氣湯), 'Gum-gang-hwan'(金剛丸), 'Yi-gong-san-hap-sam-myo-hwan'(異功散合三妙丸), 'Ja-hyel-yang-gun-tang'(滋血養筋湯), 'Ho-jam-hwan'(虎潛丸) are used for muscle dystropy. 15. The causes of myasthenia gravis are classified into 'insufficiency of middle warmer energy'(中氣不足), 'deficiency of qi and yin of spleen and kidney'(脾腎兩處), 'asthenia of qi of spleen'(脾氣虛弱), 'deficiency of qi and blood'(氣血兩虛), 'yang deficiency of spleen and kidney'(脾腎陽虛). 16. 'Bo-jung-ik-gi-tang-gagam'(補中益氣湯加減), 'Sa-gun-ja-tang-hap-gi-guk-yang-hyel-tang'(四君子湯合杞菊地黃湯), 'Sa-gun-ja-tang-hap-u-gyi-eum-gagam'(四君子湯合右歸飮加減), 'Pal-jin-tang'(八珍湯), 'U-gyi-eum'(右歸飮) are used for myasthenia gravis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.240-249
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• 2001

Obejective : Based on ${\ll}$sixty-ninth Nan${\gg}$ (${\ll}$難經${\cdot}$六十九難${\gg}$) the interpromoting of the five element's balance method to discuss following 'when deficiency than should strengthen mother and when excessive than eliminate son' theories. Method : This strengthening and eliminating method is based on Jang-bu organ's balance method when 'east is excessive (liver excessive (肝實 )) and west is deficiency (lung deficiency (肺虛))' then 'eliminate the south and strengthen the north's method. Results : The seventy-fifth Nan (${\ll}$難經${\cdot}$七十五難${\gg}$) explains' son effects mother's excessive and mother effects son's deficiency' theory where it balance method of the inter-overacting five elements controlling Jang-bu organ's differentiations. The eighty-first Nan (${\ll}$難經${\cdot}$八十一難${\gg}$) explains strengthening-eliminating method of 'lung excessive and liver deficiency.' Since there are two different perspective of seventy-fifth and eighty-first Nan, we must compare and discuss to make right point of view. Conclusion : the treatment method in ${\ll}$Nan kyoung sixty ninth nan${\gg}$ could be understood as a view of five element constitutional theory (五行體質理論), the treatment method in ${\ll}$Nan kyoung seventyty-fifth nan${\gg}$ of eleminating fire and strengthning water in case of liver excess and lung defficiency and the treatment method in ${\ll}$Nan kyoung eighty-first nan${\gg}$ of strengthning liver and eleminating lung in case of lung excess and liver defficiency could be understood as a view of the yin-yan constitutional theory (陰陽體質理論).

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2018

Objectives : The climate changes in the natural realm displays pheonomena of excess and deficiency due to the principle of Yiyinyiyangzhiweidao. Here, overabundant qi arises due to the works of multiplication and insultation. When this overabundant qi is in force, the retaliating qi appears without fail to create a parallel. This is the Autonomous Equilibrium Mechanism found in the natural world. Studying this mechanism is deeply significant in understanding the mechanisms of diseases. Methods : The paper is written by reviewing the texts found in Huangdineijing's Chapters of Yunqi, which are $Q{\grave{i}}jiaobiandalun$, Wuchangzhengdalun, $Liuyuanzhengj{\grave{i}}dalun$, Zhizhenyaodalun, and Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu. Results & Conclusions : The overabundance and retaliation in Five Circuits take the form of the restrained child of the Five Circuits takes revenge on the overabundant qi on behalf of his mother. The overabundance and retaliation in Six Qi take the form of rapid healing of Benqi which was in stagnation. Traditionally, overabundant qi is the only one in existence when the Five Circuits are in excess and the year of Hai yin wu wei you xu's regular transformation. During this time, retaliating qi does not exist. When Five Circuits are in deficiency and in the year of Si shen zi chou mao chen's pattern transformation, both the overabundant and deficiency qis exist. However, regardless of regular transformation or pattern transformation, overabundant qi and retaliating qi cannot exist at the same time. This seems to be the rational conclusion. There are some regulations that overabundance and retaliation follow. First, the strong and weak, and number of days coincide. Second, overabundance qi appear during the first half of the period when the qi of controling heaven is in place. During the later half of the period when the qi of terrestrial effect is in force, retaliation qi is the one that appears. Third, overabundance and retaliation does not end with one time. Rather, they will continue to repeat appearance and disappearance without any set pattern. Fourth, the overabundance and retaliation of the guest qi and dominant qi only has overabundance and no retaliation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.590-595
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• 2005

The following conclusions are produced by the consideration of Bojungikki-tang(補中益氣湯) from the view point of Hyungsang medicine. A review on the explanation and provisions of Bojungikki-tang stipulated in 'Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)' results in the idea that the main purpose of Dongwon(東垣) and various application in clinic by Jeesan(芝山) cannot be understood without the deep comprehension of ki(especially Jungki and Wonki) and the fire. Jungki(中氣, the middle warmer ki) is the ki of stomach. Wonki(元氣, the original ki) is a combination of innate Jung(先天之精, Ki stored between the two kidneys) and acquired Jung(後天之精, Ki of the stomach) and the sources of five Jang and six Bu, twelve meridians and triple warmer. Yin fire is referred to the ministerial fire of spleen, liver and kidney. Excess or lack of the ministerial fire can cause a disease and especially the excess of it is harmful to original ki. Deficiency of original ki is thought to be a cause of allergic diseases. Damages on the original ki by the abdominal surgery lead to a disease. Pale complexion, long face and the long limbs are considered as the Hyungsang of deficiency of Jung ki by Jeesan. Clinical cases of Bojungikki-tang in Hyungsang medicine draw the following conclusions ; Bojungikki-tang is usually prescribed to the person who has one of the following Hyungsang : Bangkwang type, pale complexion, long face, short-sight, astigmatism and wrinkles on face. Bojungikki-tang can be applied to the every disease caused by the deficiency of original ki regardless of name and symptoms of disease.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.9-25
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• 2004

Behavioral characteristics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders among children.child psyachiatry. Inattention, Hyperactivity that is done by hyperkinesis or minimal brain dysfunction is major sypmton in ADHD, But etiology and pathological facor of ADHD is very much or unkown.. We brought to about a Study on the Oriental - medical pathologic Understanding about Inattention, Hyperactivity symptom in ADHD within Don yui bo gam Book are as follows. 1. Oriental medical pathologic concepts about Inattention, Hyperactivity are continuous with process of Yang Qi(陽氣), an unbalance of qi(氣) and shen ming(神明), excess of seven emotions(七情), pathology of Huo(火). 2. Immanent factors in inattention, Hyperactivity are improper diet, overtiredness and seven emotions, are continuous with pathological process of the heart, liver, gall bladder, spleen, stomach, kidneys. 3. In oriental medicine, considered as a child's qi of shao yang, dynamic physiological feature, excess and want of yin and yang, organs and bowels, immanently imbalance in growth rather than a child's mental disorder 4. Inattention, looseness in ADHD-PI type are continuous with forgetfulness, improper overtiredness, shortage of qi, the interior heat syndrome due to yin deficiency within Don yui bo gam Book 5. Hyperactivity, impulsive actions in ADHD-C type are continuous with sudden palpitation, severe palpitation, delirium, fidgeting due to deficiency, fidgetiness, hyperactivity of huo due to yin deficiency, fever, febrile disease with accumulation of blood.