• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1116-1122
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• 2009

냉동냉장창고 내 열부하 감소를 위한 유압 구동식 냉각기의 특성을 실험적으로 평가한 결과 고내 온도강하에 있어서 초기에는 급격하게 이루어지고, 설정온도가 낮아질수록 온도 강하율은 적게 나타났다. 기존 전기 구동식과 비교한 결과 유압식이 더 빠른 온도 강하율과 냉동기 운전시간이 짧게 나타나 실제냉동창고의 경우, 입고 물품의 품질저하 방지 및 전력 절감에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다. 그리고 고내 설정온도가 낮을수록 소비동력은 급격히 증가하였고, 유압식이 더 적은 동력을 소비하는 것으로 나타났으며, 두 방식 모두 설정온도에 도달함에 따라 성능계수는 지속적으로 저하하였고, 유압식이 최대 25%정도 높게 나타났다. 고내 온도유지에 있어서는 설정온도가 낮을수록 냉동기의 운전 횟수가 적고, 운전시간이 길어 소비동력이 많아지는 것으로 나타났으며, 유압식이 약 21~25%정도 적게 나타났다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2001

Stricter environmental demands have increased the need to replace conventional C/D bleaching sequence by chlorine-free sequence. Permanganate is well known as a powerful oxidant and have been used industrially in variable fields. However, it has considered to be difficult to use permanganate as a bleaching reagent because of its strong oxidative effect decreasing the viscosity of pulps extremely. We have tried to use permanganate as a bleaching reagent for KP under the mild condition and it was clear that pernanganate oxidized lignin remained in pulps selectively and increased pulp brightness decreasing K number of pulps with small degradation of cellulose. We have employed the neutral condition in the permanganate bleaching process in this study. In this case, permanganate was converted to manganese dioxide after bleaching reaction. The manganese dioxide is remained in the treated pulp fibers because of its insolublity in water. So it was required to reduction the manganese oxide to manganese ion by using reductants with acid. In this paper, we proposed to use oxalic acid as a reducing reagent converting manganese oxide to manganese ion after bleaching reaction. Oxalic acid plays the role as a reductant and a acid, so post-treatment after bleaching became to be easy by using oxalic acid. On the study using lignin model compounds, it was clear that permaganate react with phenols firstly, after that oxalic acid reduce the manganese oxide to manganese ion in the mixture of permanganate, phenols and oxalic acid. Several lignin model compounds ($\textit{p}$-hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, syringaldehyde, veratraldehyde) are selected to elucidate the effect of substituents on reaction rate and its mechanism with permanganate including oxalic acid in this study. Except for veratraldehyde, the rate of oxidative degradation of phenolic compounds by permanganate with oxalic acid are higher than neutral condition. Especially, the degradation rate of $\textit{p}$-hydroxybenzaldehyde are strongly dependent on pH of reaction mixture. On the other hand, the degradation rate of veratraldehyde are decreased with decreasing pH and main degradation product is veratric acid. This result indicate that pH of bleaching liquor should be kept over 2 to degrade of non-phenolic lignin in the pulps effectively in permanganate bleaching.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.451-458
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• 2005

대두유에 혼합 토코페롤과 개별 인지질 성분으로 phosphatidyl choline(PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE), phosphatidyl inpsitol(PI), phosphatidyl serine(PS), phosphatidic acid(PA) 및 phosphatidyl glycerol(PG)를 각각 0.03%, 0.05%(w/w) 처리하여 이들 성분이 $50^{\circ}C$의 항온저장 조건에서 대두유의 산가(AV), 과산화물가(POV) 및 OSI에 미치는 영향을 측정하였다. 또한, 대두유의 가열안정성에 미치는 영향을 측정하기 위하여 $180^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 동안 가열처리하며 5시간 단위로 시료유를 채취하여 처리시간에 따른 발연점(SP) 변화를 측정하였다. 항온저장에 따른 AV변화에서는 그 항산화 효과가 $PA>PC>PI{\geq}PG>PS{\geq}PE$의 순서였으며, POV상승 억제 효과는 PA>PG>PC>PS>PE>PI의 순서였고, OSI 하락 억제효과는 PI>PC>PA>PG>PS>PE의 순서로 나타났다. 이와 같이 동일한 대두유에 대하여도 그 처리효과는 각 측정항목에 따라 서로 다르게 나타났다. 이러한 항온저장과 달리 $180^{\circ}C$에서 20시간 동안 가열처리하며 5시간 마다 시료유를 채취하여 발연점 하락 억제효과를 측정한 결과는 PA>PC>PG>PE>PI>PS의 순이었다. 상대적으로 혼합 토코페롤 처리군은 산가, 과산화물가 상승 억제 효과가 없을 뿐만 아니라 경우에 따라서는 산화 촉진제로 작용하였으며, OSI에서는 일정 부분의 처리 효과를 인정할 수 있었으나 발연점에서는 무처리군 보다도 오히려 그 하락이 심하여 특히 대두유를 튀김유로 사용할 경우에는 혼합 토코페롤의 처리가 바람직하지 못한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.18-18
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• 2011

Climate change is impacting and will increasingly impact both the quantity and quality of the world's water resources in a variety of ways. In some areas warming climate results in increased rainfall, surface runoff, and groundwater recharge while in others there may be declines in all of these. Water quality is described by a number of variables. Some are directly impacted by climate change. Temperature is an obvious example. Notably, increased atmospheric concentrations of $CO_2$ triggering climate change increase the $CO_2$ dissolving into water. This has manifold consequences including decreased pH and increased alkalinity, with resultant increases in dissolved concentrations of the minerals in geologic materials contacted by such water. Climate change is also expected to increase the number and intensity of extreme climate events, with related hydrologic changes. A simple framework has been developed in New Zealand for assessing and predicting climate change impacts on water resources. Assessment is largely based on trend analysis of historic data using the non-parametric Mann-Kendall method. Trend analysis requires long-term, regular monitoring data for both climate and hydrologic variables. Data quality is of primary importance and data gaps must be avoided. Quantitative prediction of climate change impacts on the quantity of water resources can be accomplished by computer modelling. This requires the serial coupling of various models. For example, regional downscaling of results from a world-wide general circulation model (GCM) can be used to forecast temperatures and precipitation for various emissions scenarios in specific catchments. Mechanistic or artificial intelligence modelling can then be used with these inputs to simulate climate change impacts over time, such as changes in streamflow, groundwater-surface water interactions, and changes in groundwater levels. The Waimea Plains catchment in New Zealand was selected for a test application of these assessment and prediction methods. This catchment is predicted to undergo relatively minor impacts due to climate change. All available climate and hydrologic databases were obtained and analyzed. These included climate (temperature, precipitation, solar radiation and sunshine hours, evapotranspiration, humidity, and cloud cover) and hydrologic (streamflow and quality and groundwater levels and quality) records. Results varied but there were indications of atmospheric temperature increasing, rainfall decreasing, streamflow decreasing, and groundwater level decreasing trends. Artificial intelligence modelling was applied to predict water usage, rainfall recharge of groundwater, and upstream flow for two regionally downscaled climate change scenarios (A1B and A2). The AI methods used were multi-layer perceptron (MLP) with extended Kalman filtering (EKF), genetic programming (GP), and a dynamic neuro-fuzzy local modelling system (DNFLMS), respectively. These were then used as inputs to a mechanistic groundwater flow-surface water interaction model (MODFLOW). A DNFLMS was also used to simulate downstream flow and groundwater levels for comparison with MODFLOW outputs. MODFLOW and DNFLMS outputs were consistent. They indicated declines in streamflow on the order of 21 to 23% for MODFLOW and DNFLMS (A1B scenario), respectively, and 27% in both cases for the A2 scenario under severe drought conditions by 2058-2059, with little if any change in groundwater levels.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.289-300
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• 2017

Objectives: This case report describes the effect of Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture (HPP) on multiple sclerosis. Methods: A multiple sclerosis patient with gait disturbances, tremors, spasms of both lower limbs, and diplopia was treated with only HPP for two weeks. To evaluate the effects of HPP on the balance ability of the patient, the Functional System (FS) scale, Expanded Disability Statue Scale (EDSS), visual analog scale (VAS), manual muscle test (MMT), and Berg Balance Scale (BBS) were used. Results: The HPP treatment reduced the patient's gait disturbance, tremors, spasms of the lower limbs, and diplopia. According to the FS scale, the patient's cerebellar and optic functions were enhanced. In addition, the patient's performance on the EDSS improved from 4.0 to 3.0.3. As shown by the MMT, the lower extremities showed a mild improvement (from F+ to G.4). Furthermore, the VAS showed a considerable improvement, decreasing from 9 to 6.5 post-treatment. The patient's performance on the BBS, which denotes balance ability, showed a considerable improvement, increasing from 38 to 49. Conclusion: Treatment with only HPP could help to ameliorate the symptoms of multiple sclerosis.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

최근 경제성, 시공성 및 수려한 외관 등의 장점을 가진 토목섬유 보강토옹벽이 점차 기존의 콘크리트옹벽을 대체해가고 있다. 또한 국토의 효율적 활용을 위해 10m이상 높이의 보강토옹벽 시공이 점차 증가하고 있다. 그러나 보강토옹벽에 대한 설계 및 시공 상의 부주의에 기인한 전면벽체의 변위 및 파손, 보강토옹벽의 붕괴 등과 같은 실폐사례들이 종종 발생하고 있다. 이러한 붕괴사례 중, 전면활동파괴가 발생된 현장사례에 대하여, 일련의 현장지반조사와 계측결과 분석을 통해 붕괴원인을 규명하고, 적절한 대책안을 제시하기 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 연구결과 본 현장 보강토옹벽의 전면 활동파괴는 강우의 침투로 인해 보강토옹벽 하부 기초지반의 지지력이 감소되어 발생한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.13-22
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• 1979

Panax Ginseng C. A. Meyer which has been known for more than 2000 years, occupies a particular place in folk medicine as so called tonic remedy. The brief pharmacological action of Ginseng complied from the numerous reports can be summarized as adaptogenic effect to be increased nonspecific resistance. Among the various components of Ginseng, the effective components has been known Ginseng butanol fraction as so called Ginseng saponin. In order to study on the effect of the Ginseng butanol fraction which influences spontaneous activity by CNS drugs in mice. Experiment of response was measured the change of spontaneous activity by CNS drugs in which mice were treated Ginseng butanol fraction. A method of measuring spontaneous activity in mice used by counting the number of times which were interrupted a beam of light. Results of experiment can be summarized as follows: 1. In case of administrating Ginseng butanol fraction for 1 day, stimulating effect of Ginseng was observed in spontaneous activity by caffeine in comparison with the control. at the first, but after 45 minutes no significant change was observed. 2. In case of administrating Ginseng butanol, fraction for 5days, decreasing tendency was observed in spontaneous activity by caffeine. 3. In case of administrating Ginseng butanol fraction for 10days, marked decrease was observed in spontaneous activity by caffeine in comparison with the control. From the experiment on the increased dose of caffeine, nonsignificant change was observed in comparison with caffeine and sodium benzoate 25mg/kg group. 4. A state of increased resistance was lasted until 5 days, and after 10 days it was disappeared. 5. Otherwise, nonsignificant change was observed for chlorpromazin HCl in comparison with the control. 6. From this result, 10 days administrating of ginseng butanol fraction appeared to have increased resistance in mice against caffeine.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.972-977
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• 2007

Objectives : To see the effect of herbal medicine on ulcerative colitis by diagnosing ulcerative colitis as constipation due to stagnation of eum. Methods : We report here on a case of a patient who had abdominal pain, rectal urgency, diarrhea and hemafecia as chief complaints in December 2004 and was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis on January 20, 2007. The patient was treated with Pyungwijiyu-tang till Hwanggi was added on March 23rd of the same year. No change was made to the prescription since then. Results : After 14 weeks of herbal treatment the chief complaints decreased favorably and had no relapse. Conclusions : In this case, we recognized that the herbal medication could be effective for the clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis. It was effective in decreasing or maintaining the symptoms of patients and in improving quality of life.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.395-408
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• 2016

We report a case involving a young female patient with severe mandibular retrognathism accompanied by mandibular condylar deformity that was effectively treated with Le Fort I osteotomy and two genioplasty procedures. At 9 years and 9 months of age, she was diagnosed with Angle Class III malocclusion, a skeletal Class II jaw relationship, an anterior crossbite, congenital absence of some teeth, and a left-sided cleft lip and palate. Although the anterior crossbite and narrow maxillary arch were corrected by interceptive orthodontic treatment, severe mandibular hypogrowth resulted in unexpectedly severe mandibular retrognathism after growth completion. Moreover, bilateral condylar deformities were observed, and we suspected progressive condylar resorption (PCR). There was a high risk of further condylar resorption with mandibular advancement surgery; therefore, Le Fort I osteotomy with two genioplasty procedures was performed to achieve counterclockwise rotation of the mandible and avoid ingravescence of the condylar deformities. The total duration of active treatment was 42 months. The maxilla was impacted by 7.0 mm and 5.0 mm in the incisor and molar regions, respectively, while the pogonion was advanced by 18.0 mm. This significantly resolved both skeletal disharmony and malocclusion. Furthermore, the hyoid bone was advanced, the pharyngeal airway space was increased, and the morphology of the mandibular condyle was maintained. At the 30-month follow-up examination, the patient exhibited a satisfactory facial profile. The findings from our case suggest that severe mandibular retrognathism with condylar deformities can be effectively treated without surgical mandibular advancement, thus decreasing the risk of PCR.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2000

Considerable interest has been shown in recent years towards utilizing $TiO_2$ particles as a photocatalyst in the degradation of harmful organic contaminants. In this study, photocatalytic degradation of diazinon which is extensively used as a pesticide in the agriculture field, has been investigated with UV-illuminated $TiO_2$ weight, UV wavelength, pH of the solution. Photodegradation rate increased with decreasing initial concentration of diazinon and with increasing pH of the solution. Photodegradation rate increased with increasing $TiO_2$ weight, but was nearly the same at $TiO_2$ weight of 1g/$\ell$, 2 g/$\ell$, i.e., for initial diazinon concentratin of 5 mg/$\ell$. UV wavelength affecting on the degradation rate of diazinon decreased in the order of 254 nm>312 nm> 365 nm. For $TiO_2$ weight of 1 g/$\ell$and initial diazinon concentration of 5 mg/$\ell$, the photodegradation removal of diazinon was 100% after 130 min in the case of 254 nm, but 95% in the case of 312 nm, and 84% in the case of 365nm, after 180 min. The photodegradation of diazinon followed a first order or a pseudo - first order reaction rate. For initial diazinon concentration of 5 mg/$\ell$, the rate constants(k) in UV and $TiO_2$(1 g/$\ell$)/UV system were $0.006 min^{-1} and 0.0252 min^{-1} at 254 nm, 0.0055 min^{-1} and 0.0104 min^{-1} at 312 nm, and 0.004 min^{-1}$ at 365 nm respectively.