• Anatomy and Cell Biology
• /
• v.56 no.4
• /
• pp.566-569
• /
• 2023

Knowledge of anatomical variations is important so as to avoid potential iatrogenic injury or misdiagnosis on imaging. Here we report an unusual finding and relationship between the tibial nerve and popliteal vein. During the routine dissection of an adult cadaver, it was noted that a branch of the tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa pierced the most distal part of the popliteal vein. This unusual finding is described and relevant reports in the literature discussed. Our hopes are that such a report might help surgeons avoid injury to such a fenestrated popliteal vein and the tibial nerve branch traveling through it therefore decreasing patient morbidity.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.61-66
• /
• 2013

This paper presents the results of finite element simulations of elastic wave propagation in an underwater steel plate and the verification of a proposed method utilizing elastic wave-based damage detection. For the simulation and verification, we carried out the following procedures. First, three-dimensional finite element models were constructed using a general purpose finite element program. Second, two types of damages (mechanical defects and deteriorations) were applied to the underwater steel plate and three parameters (defect location, defect width, and depth) were considered to adjust the severity of the applied damages. Third, elastic waves were generated using the oblique incident method with a Gaussian tone burst, and the response signals were obtained at the receiving point for each defect or deterioration case. In addition, the received time domain signals were analyzed, particularly by measuring the magnitudes of the maximum amplitudes. Finally, the presence and severity of each type of damage were identified by the decreasing ratios of the maximum amplitudes. The results showed that the received signals for the models had the same global pattern with minor changes in the amplitudes and phases, and the decreasing ratio generally increased as the damage area increased. In addition, we found that the defect depth was more critical than the width in the decrease of the amplitude. This mainly occurred because the layout of the depth interfered with the elastic wave propagation in a more severe manner than the layout of the width. An inverse analysis showed that the proposed method is applicable for detecting mechanical defects and quantifying their severity.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.15-21
• /
• 2020

Because there are no isolation valves in condensate system of nuclear power plants, circulating water pump was shutdown for the condenser repair. When circulating water pump was shutdown, power plant output decreased about 45%. These output decreasing can minimize by establishing isolation valves. In this paper, evaluated effect to flow conditions change of condensate system, structural integrity of system, condenser pressure of in case of establish isolation valves to condensate system. Results of the evaluation, the flow rate due to the installation of the isolation valve decreased 0.3% when the valve was fully opened and 4.5% when fully closed. In addition, it was found that the vacuum degree of the condenser decreased with decreasing flow rate, but the integrity of the system was maintained.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.80-88
• /
• 2015

In the case of those types of work that are performed outdoor construction work, many non-working days occur due to climatic elements such as low temperature, rainfall, and high wind velocity. In particular, damage incurred construction delays hardly decreases because weather forecasting has become difficult due to global warming. In the present study, time points of drastic changes in annual average temperatures, annual average maximum temperatures, and annual average minimum temperatures were identified through BCP analysis and increasing/decreasing trends of non-working days in summer and winter were compared and analyzed on the basis of the change points. According to the results of the study, annual average temperatures drastically changed in 1988 and 1998. After the two time points, non-working days in summer and winter clearly showed increasing trends and decreasing trends respectively.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.131-141
• /
• 2004

The FTA(Free Trade Agreements) are loading the world trade liberalization. Entering into FTA with Chile on 1 Apr 2004, Korea is trying to tie with Singapore and Japan in FTA. It also has a long-term plan for free-trading with China, USA, ASEAN, Canada and India. The portion of the dairy products imported from Chile, Japan and Singapore is under 1% of total dairy product imports. However, in the long run the conclusion of FTA with dairy product exporting countries such as USA, Australia, New Zealand and Netherlands will give a big impact on the dairy industry with abrupt increment in dairy product imports. Especially, whole and skim milk powder imports which are imported on the high tariff rate expect to increase. Furthermore mixed milk powder(Food preparations of goods and other whey powders) imports which domestic price is higher than world market also will dramatically increase. The milk powder stocks have increased since 2002. That made the government carry out some policies. Those include slaughtering milking cow(2002) and terminating the dairy farm enterprise and decreasing in milk production(2003). Also the case of artificial insemination by a Hanwoo fertilized egg has increased with the rise of Hanwoo farm price in 2003. By those reason, it is forecasted that the downward trend in the number of cow will be continued in 2004. It is also forecasted that the raw milk production in 2004 will decrease 4.4% compared to last year due to decreasing in the number of milking cow and raw milk collecting quota.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• v.18 no.6
• /
• pp.13-21
• /
• 2006

Purpose: To provide the basic method for physical therapy to contribute to early stage treatment of a burned patients. We investigated whether or not carbon arc lamp treatment and low level laser one among various laser treatments have the effect of reducing Cytokine, and to elucidate the effect of carbon arc lamp treatment and laser one. Methods: The 6-week old BALB/c types of 92 mice were used for the experimental test, and they were burned with $100^{\circ}C$ water, they were divided into 4 groups in accordance with the method of treatment respectively. And the blood and the tissue from the subject of each group were extracted and analyzed each time after they were cured for 3, 6, 9 days. For the analysis of the results, SPSS statistical program was used in this study. Results: The quantity of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ within the blood of a burned mouse increased more than that of a normal mouse(p<0.01). In only a burned mouse, carbon arc lamp treatment gave the effect on the decrease of $TNF-{\alpha}$ thickness the 6th day to the 9th day(p<0.01). $IL-1{\beta}$ quantity was more decreased than that of control group around the 6th day. In comparison with only a control group, low level laser treatment has more significant effect in decreasing the quantity of $TNF-{\alpha}$ a and $IL-1{\beta}$ than the two different methods(p<0.01). In case that the two treatment methods, carbon arc lamp treatment and low level laser, were executed together, there was the effect of decreasing $TNF-{\alpha}$ until the 6th day(p<0.01). Conclusion: Both low level laser treatment and carbon arc lamp one would be able to have an effect on the inflammation inhibition of burned patients and tissues reproduction. However, it must be also considered for the two treatments to be done at the same time.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 1992

To estimate soil behavior and structural characteristics under the conditions of cyclic loading, freezing & thawing and initial state, several testing was performed and obtained following results. 1.After repeated freezing and thawing processes, original soil structure was destroyed and changed to globular structure from honeycomb or tube in its structure types. Also above processes resulted increasing the soil compression strain while decreasing the failure stress in stress-strain relationship and reached the soil structure into the mode of brittle fracture. Under cyclic loading conditions, soil cluster which was originally dispersed structure colloided with each other, seperated, and finally the soil failed due to the effect of overcompaction. 2.Through the stabilization processes seperated by four steps, the structure of soil skeleton was changed to quite different globular type. The degree of compressibility of soil was decreased in the normally consolidated zone, while the strength against external load increased due to soil particle stabilization. 3.Soil stress-strain chracteristics were largely influenced by repeated up and down processes of temperature. The maximum deformation was obtained in the case of temperature between 0 10˚C by the reseon of particle cluster reformation. 4.Soil compressibility was largely influenced by the optimum moisture content. Under freezing process, swelling could be found and its magnitude was proportional to the density of soil. 5.Density of soil was decreased as increasing the number or repeated freezing and thawing processes and the largest decreasing rate was found at the first turning point from freezing to thawing cycle.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.12-22
• /
• 1985

This investigation was attempted to determine changes in chlorophyll. Pheophytin content PH and titratable acidity during young redish Kim chi fermentation. Young redishes divied in to leaf and vein and fermented in dark room for 35 days at 10$^{\circ}C$ after pickling each group. Samples were collected at 5 days interval for the chemical analysis. The following results were obtained. 1. Chlorophyll content in young redish was decreased by decreasing PH during fermentation periods. Chlorophyll content decreased from 11.60mg/g to 7.62mg/g in leaf, from 0.48mg/g to 0.33mg/g in vein respectively during 35 days fermentation periods. In contrast to chlorophyll. pheophytin content increased as chlorophyll content decreased during the period. The ratio of chlorophyll a and b content in young redish about 3 : 1 in leaf and vein and decreased nearly the same ratio during fermentation periods. In case of pheophytin a and b it was increased without any relation with the ratio chlorophyll a and b. In generally, the optimum PH for eating was known 4.3 to 5.0. Young redish Kim chi was reached the optimun PH at 15 to 25 days of fermentation at 10$^{\circ}C$. At this periods. Chlorophyll content varied from 11.32mg/g to 9.30mg/g for leaf and from 0.43mg/g to 3.37mg/g for vein, respectively. 2. Titratable acidity(as lactic acid) was increased to 0.54% in leaf at 20 days fermentation period during Kim chi fermentation. and nearly unchanged until 30days. At the end of fermentation period the titratable acidity was about 0.30％. Titratable acidity was increased as decreasing pH. and the correlation coefficients was -0.92 in leaf and -0.77 in Vien. 3. Correlation between titratable acidity and chlorophll, pheophytin content was not significant statistically.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.58-64
• /
• 2018

Recently, a lot of accident report documents have accumulated in almost all of industries, including critical information of accidents. Accordingly, text data contained in accident report documents are considered useful information for understanding accident processes. However, there has been a lack of systematic approaches to analyzing accident report documents. In this respect, this paper aims at proposing text analytics approach to extracting critical information on accident processes. To be specific, major causes of the accident occurrence are classified based on text information contained in accident report documents by using both textmining and latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) algorithms. The textmining algorithm is used to structure the document-term matrix and the LDA algorithm is applied to extract latent topics included in a lot of accident report documents. We extract ten topics of accidents as accident types and related keywords of accidents with respect to each accident type. The cause-and-effect diagram is then depicted as a tool for navigating processes of the accident occurrence by structuring causes extracted from LDA. Further, the trends of accidents are identified to explore patterns of accident occurrence in each of types. Three patterns of increasing to decreasing, decreasing to increasing, or only increasing are presented in the case of a chemical plant. The proposed approach helps safety managers systematically supervise the causes and processes of accidents through analysis of text information contained in accident report documents.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
• /
• v.51 no.9
• /
• pp.433-440
• /
• 2002

The addition of switches to a distribution feeder does, in general, increase reliability by decreasing the duration of the outage of many to the customers on the feeder. To cover its service area so that feeder-level delivery reaches sufficiently close to all customers, feeders typically split their routes many times, in what is often called a lateral feeder. It is interesting to note, however, that the effectiveness of a switch is very much dependent on the types of lateral feeder. The types of lateral are classified into two types. The first is loop lateral feeder that can connect its load to an adjacent feeder through a tie line in case that a fault occurs in its feeder and it is laid out so that every feeder has complete fault backup through re-switching of its loads to other sources like a main feeder The second is the radial lateral feeder cannot connect its load to an adjacent line, no provision is made for contingency backup of feeders. There are no other circuits in the radial lateral feeder form which to restore power. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness of a switch installation between on the radial and loop lateral feeders to increase reliability by decreasing the duration of the outage. These results can help power utility to design the switch layouts on the radial and loop lateral feeder system.