• 대한상한금궤의학회지
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.13-28
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to suggest medical approach to musculoskeletal system disorders using the decoction of Sanghan-Geumgwe. We studied cases of Ling-Gui-Gan-Zao-Tang prescribed patients to evaluate the clinical efficacy in musculoskeletal system disorders Method : We devised medical approach of Sanghan-Geumgwe in musculoskeletal disorders as follows. First, we chose ryeon-je(攣劑) and soo-je(水劑) herb medicine, commonly used in musculoskeletal disorders. In the selected herb group, we designated ryeon-je(攣劑) to be first key herbs, Soo-Je(水劑) as the second key herb, and other herb groups as third key herb. In this sequential selection and exclusion process, herbs were chosen based upon yak-neung-hyo-seon (藥能效選). Combination of those selected herbs drew pre-prescription group, finally prescription were made by the prescription criteria. Results : Based on the medical approach of decoctions of Sanghan-Geumgwe, we chose Ling-Gui-Gan-Zao-Tang to treat many kinds of musculoskeletal system disorders. And we achieved higher results on treatment for musculoskeletal system disorders. Conclusions : The medical approch using the decoctions of Sanghan-Geumgwe is very useful in choosing accurate prescriptions for patients with musculoskeletal system disorders in clinic.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.151-160
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this research was to examine dietary therapy on the edema based on the literary findings, for clinical treatment and prevention of the edema. Methods : This Research was examined on histories, compositions, applications, and effects of dietetic treatment about 100 cases of dietary therapy of the edema from Chinese literatures. Results : 1. Various vegetables and animals including herbs, grains, vegetables, fruits, food and drink were used for the dietary therapy. 2. Methods of the preparation for use as therapeutics were decoction, pulvis, gruel, cake, tea, paste, gelatin and etc. 3. Frequently used materials were Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, Cucumis sativus L. Coix lachrymajobi var. mayuen, Zea mays, Maydis Stigma, Citrullus vulgaris, Zingiber officinale, Cinnamomum cassia Blume, Allium scorodorpasum var. viviparum Regel, Camellia sinensis, Armeniacae amarum Semen, Phyllostachys bambusoides, Luffa cylindrica, Dioscorea batatas Decne, Panax ginseng, Brassica oleracea and Raphanus sativus. Conclusion : Though dietary therapy for the edema is not based on clinical or experimental data, but through experience. It is mostly based on Yin-Yang and five elements, visceral manifestation, channels and their collateral channels and Oriental herbal medicine theories. If we use them properly according to oriental medicine method, it will be effective on treating and preventing the edema.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.182-190
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• 2014

An ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) method was established for quantitative analysis of twelve components, allantoin (1), morroniside (2), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) (3), loganin (4), coumarin (5), cinnamic acid (6), mesaconitine (7), cinnamaldehyde (8), hypaconitine (9), aconitine (10), alisol B (11), and alisol B acetate (12) in a Palmijihwang-hwan decoction. The twelve constituents were separated on a UPLC BEH C18 column ($2.1{\times}100mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$) at a column temperature of $40^{\circ}C$ by gradient elution with 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water and acetonitrile as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min and the injection volume was $2.0{\mu}L$. Calibration curves of all compounds were acquired with values of the correlation coefficient ${\geq}0.99$ within the test ranges. The limits of detection and quantification for all analytes were 0.01 - 4.53 ng/mL and 0.03 - 13.60 ng/mL, respectively. The concentrations of the compounds 1 - 9 and 12 were 72.83, 4389.00, 4859.00, 3155.17, 223.67, 33.50, 1.97, 518.00, 2.25, and $25.00{\mu}g/g$, respectively. However, compounds 10 and 11 were not detected.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2018

Objective This study was aimed to provide the information about Cheongsimyeonja-tang by domestic papers and theses. Method 50 Domestic papers related to Cheongsimyeonja-tang were selected according to the criteria. These papers were classified and analyzed by research designs, methods and results. Result The following results were obtained in this study. 1. 19 experimental studies on the effect of Cheongsimyeonja-tang were mainly focused on anti-aging, followed by anti-allergy, anti-inflammation, improvement of immune system. And there were 4 experimental studies on the safety of Cheongsimyeonja-tang, proving safety by acute toxicity test, nephrotoxicity test, drug interaction, and test of residual ingredients after decoction. 2. 25 clinical studies on the effect of Cheongsimyeonja-tang were mainly focused on cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases, followed by psychiatric and otologic disorder, dermatologic and musculoskeletal diseases. Also, there were 2 studies on the effect of Cheongsimyeonja-tang for diabetes insipidus, macular degeneration, digestive disorder in terminal cancer, drug-induced hepatitis. 3. More evidenced studies on Cheongsimyeonja-tang are needed and it is recommended that psychiatric questionnaire should be used for assessing the effects of Cheongsimyeonja-tang.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.233-248
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• 2003

Objectives : This research examined about dietary therapy on the gastric & duodenal ulcer based on the literary findings, for clinical treatment and prevention of the gastric & duodenal ulcer. Methods : This Research examined on histories, compositions, applications, and effects of dietetic on about 200 cases of dietary therapy of the gastric & duodenal ulcer from recent Chinese literatures Results : 1. Various vegetables, animals and mineral materials including herbs, grains, vegetables, fruits, food and drink were used for the dietary therapy. 2. Methods of the preparation for use as therapeutics were decoction, pulvis, gruel, medicinal wine, cake, tea, paste and gelatin and etc. 3. Frequently used materials were cuttle fish bone, Bletillae rhizoma, oyster shell, egg shell, sugar, aloe, licorice, lily, red jujube, and pig stomach. 4. Four properties of cold, warm, cool and hot were equal in frequencies. Most common tastes were sweet and bitter. Conclusion : Though dietary therapy for the gastric & duodenal ulcer is not based on clinical or experimental data, but through experience. It is mostly based on Yin-Yang and five elements, visceral manifestation, channels and their collateral channels and chinese herbal medicine theories. If we use them properly according to oriental medicine method, it will be effective on treating and preventing the gastric & duodenal ulcer.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this case report is to offer an unprecedented target for Gyejigabuja-tang by analyzing a case in which the symptoms were improved by the herbal decoction therapy, and to accumulate a fundamental knowledge in herbal medicine therapy for urinary incontinence. Method : We studied a patient's chart with the patient's consent and displayed patient's timeline and adherence in a figure according to the CARE guideline. The progress of urination symptoms were assessed with the frequency of urination and how long the patient can stand urine. The accompanied lower limb pain was estimated with Numerical Rating Scale(NRS) Results : The patient's adherence was good during the medication period and symptoms related with urination and accompanied lower limb pain were improved with no specific side effects. NRS of the lower limb pain decreased from 7 to 2, the frequency of urination also improved from over 10 times to 6~8 times per day, and the patient can stand urine from less than 1 second to 2~3 minutes. Conclusions : Gyejigabuja-tang was effective for an urinary incontinence patient which corresponds to the provision No.20 in Shanghanlun.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2019

Objective : We searched and collected the various ways of taking medicine in Naegyeong, Dongeuibogam and studied the possibilities to apply the traditional ways of taking medicine to the current way of taking medicine. Method : We collected all the ways of taking medicine in Naegyeong and classified the ways according to the relative importance, urgency, pathosis, time of disease, and, the conditions of patients. Result : Medicinal forms are decoction, pills, trituration, and thin porridge. Various kinds of water and the prepared rice forms were used. A single herb was boiled and its water was used to take the medicine. Also, liquor and honey were used to take medicine. More than two herbs or special prescriptions were boiled and the extract water was taken. The same medicine was taken by different boiled water according to the condition and age of a patient, time, acute or chronic illness, and, severe or mild disease. Conclusion : There are a lot of pills and trituration prescriptions in Naegyeong, Dongeuibogam. Water, various rice preparations, and several herbs are used to take these prescriptions. The reason is that these ways of taking medicine promote the medicinal effect and fast treatment to maximize the medicinal effects. From now on, the in-depth and mutilple studies are needed based on this research.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.147-154
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• 2022

In order to secure practising rapid pattern(證, zheng) differentiation against acute infectious diseases like corona virus disease-19(COVID-19) showing rapid variation and contagion, a simplified classification of stages centering on the exterior-interior pattern identification with 2 step-subdivision by cold, heat, deficiency, excess pattern and pathogens is proposed. Pattern differentiation by compound patterns of 8 principles is made for the non-severe stage of general cold and the early mild stage of epidemic disease. Compound pattern's names of 8 principles about external infectious diseases are composed of three stages, that is disease site-characters-etiology. Based on early stage symptoms of fever or chilling etc., exterior, interior and half exterior and half interior patterns are determined first, and then cold, heat, deficiency, excess patterns of exterior and interior pattern respectively are determined, and then more concrete differentiation on pathogens of wind, dryness, dampness and dearth of qi, blood, yin, yang accompanied with constitutional and personal illness factors. Summarizing above descriptions, 4 patterns of exterior cold, exterior heat, exterior deficiency, exterior excess and their secondary compound patterns of exterior cold deficiency and exterior cold excess and so on are classified together with treatment method and available decoction for a standard measure of eight principle pattern differentiation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.181-190
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• 2023

The fungal pathogen Pseudocercospora fuligena, known to affect tomatoes in the tropics and subtropics, has been reported from temperate climates including the United States and Turkey in recent years. In this study, an isolate from fresh tomatoes and the disease it causes were characterized and infection mechanisms investigated. Macroscopically, both sides of tomato leaves show indistinct effuse patches but prolific production of fuliginous lesions is conspicuous on the abaxial side first but also on the adaxial side later on as infection progressed. Microscopically, fascicles of conidiophores (11-128 ㎛ × 3.5-9 ㎛) arising from stromata and conidia with up to 12 septations were observed. Molecular characterization of the isolate revealed high homology (99.8%) to other P. fuligena isolated from tomatoes in Turkey. Out of the 10 media tested, P. fuligena grew significantly well and sporulated better on unsealed tomato oatmeal agar and carrot leaf decoction agar, both supplemented with CaCO₃. Direct transfer of conidia from profusely sporulating lesions was the easiest and quickest method of isolation for in-vitro studies. Light and scanning electron microscopy on cleared and intact tomato leaves further confirmed stomatal penetration and egress as well as prevalence of primary and secondary infection hyphae. In situ, blocked stomatal aperture areas of 154, 401, and 2,043 ㎛² were recorded at 7, 12, and 17 days after inoculation, respectively. With the recent expanded horizon of the pathosystem and its consequential impact, such studies will be useful for a proper diagnosis, identification and management of the disease on tomato worldwide.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.402-409
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• 2010

The study was conducted to estimate the contents of heavy metal in commercial herbal medicines (1047 samples of 132 species) which were collected from markets in Seoul and to analyze the contents of heavy metals of herbal medicines by classifying them by parts. The samples were digested using microwave method. The contents of heavy metal (Pb, Cd, and As) and Hg were determined using Inductively coupled plasma-Mass spectrometer (ICP/MS). And the contents of Hg were obtained by Mercury analyzer. The average values of heavy metal in herbal medicines were as follows [mean (minimum-maximum), mg/kg]; Pb 0.870 (ND-69.200), As 0.148 (ND-2.965), Cd 0.092 (ND-2.010), and Hg 0.007 (ND-0.B7). And the average values of heavy metal by parts in herbal medicines were as follows [mean (minimum-maximum), mg/kg]; Ramulus 2.046 (0.065-4.474), Herba 1.886 (0.048-10.404), Flos 1.874 (0.052-5.393), Cortex 1.377 (0.011-4.837), Radix 1.165 (0.012-70.111), Rhizoma 1.116 (0.016-5.490, Fructus 0.838 (0.017-4.527), Perithecium 0.729 (0.013-4.953), Semen 0.646 (0.006-4.416). The average values of heavy metal of imported herbal medicines except Radix were higher than domestic ones. By decoction of herbal medicines exceeding the tolerances, average intake rates of Pb, As, Cd and Hg were obtained as 6.1%, 40.3%, 4.7%, and 2.2%, respectively.