• Wind and Structures
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.317-343
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• 2013

When evaluating flutter instability, it is often assumed that incident wind is normal to the longitudinal axis of a bridge and the flutter critical wind speed estimated from this direction is most unfavorable. However, the results obtained in this study via oblique sectional model tests of four typical types of bridge decks show that the lowest flutter critical wind speeds often occur in the yaw wind cases. The four types of bridge decks tested include a flat single-box deck, a flat ${\Pi}$-shaped thin-wall deck, a flat twin side-girder deck, and a truss-stiffened deck with and without a narrow central gap. The yaw wind effect could reduce the critical wind speed by about 6%, 2%, 8%, 7%, respectively, for the above four types of decks within a wind inclination angle range between $-3^{\circ}$ and $3^{\circ}$, and the yaw wind angles corresponding to the minimal critical wind speeds are between $4^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$. It was also found that the flutter critical wind speed varies in an undulate manner with the increase of yaw angle, and the variation pattern is largely dependent on both deck shape and wind inclination angle. Therefore, the cosine rule based on the mean wind decomposition is generally inapplicable to the estimation of flutter critical wind speed of long-span bridges under skew winds. The unfavorable effect of yaw wind on the flutter instability of long-span bridges should be taken into consideration seriously in the future practice, especially for supper-long span bridges in strong wind regions.

• 화약ㆍ발파
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.32-45
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• 2023

국내의 환경규제는 산업현장에서 발파를 수행하는데 있어 상당히 보수적인 기준을 가지고 있다. 이에 따라, 환경 규제 및 민원의 발생을 고려한 발파 설계가 진행되어 불가피하게 발파의 효율 및 경제성이 저하되는 경우가 빈번하게 발생하고 있다. 따라서, 발파공해를 저감하는 동시에 시공성 및 경제성을 향상시키는 발파공법이 요구되는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 파라핀 지관을 에어갭으로 활용한 원리상 일종의 Air Decoupled Charge 공법을 적용한 PA-Deck(Paraffin Air- Deck) 발파공법의 발파 공해 저감 및 발파 효과에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 또한, 발파 진동 자료를 수집하는데 있어 새롭게 적용한 장비의 효용성을 검토하고 폭약의 폭굉속도와 진동속도간의 관계를 도출하였다. 발파 진동속도 분석 결과, PA-Deck 발파공법이 일반 발파공법에 비하여 현저히 낮은 진동속도를 보이는 것으로 확인되었으며, 균일한 작은 형태의 파쇄석들이 더욱 많이 발생하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.23-28
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• 1986

This paper describes on the measurement of the deck vibration produced by the main engine vibration of stern trawler MjS SAE-BA-DA (2,275GT, 3,600PS) while the ship is cruising and drifting. The obtained results are as follows; 1. The deck vibration level was the highest point at vertical line which pass main engine and the lowest point at vertical line which pass top bridge while the crusing. 2. The vibration source level of the main engine, screw shaft and screw propeller were respectively 110, 90 and 80% while the crusing. 3. The main deck vibration pressure level at the check points 2, 20, 30, 40, 60, 70, 80, 86m from the bow to stern was respectively 9, 8, 7, 10, 22, 45, 18, 23%. 4. The frequency distributions of the rr.ain engine, screw shaft, screw propeller vibration were from 3 Hz to 10 KHz, predominant frequency was 1 KHz, each vibration accelration the highest level were respectively 1. 3, 0.8, 0.5 $mm/s^2.$ 5. The predominant frequency distributions of the main deck, second deck, bridge deck and top bridge deck-s vibration were from 10 to 30 Hz, and each vibration accelration level were respectively 0.7, 0.05, 0.07, 0.04 $mm/s^2.$

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.746-749
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• 2004

A new-type of FRP-concrete composite bridge deck system is proposed and its behaviors are experimentally studied. The new-typedeck consists of FRP as a permanent form and main tension resisting member and concrete as a compression resisting member. A suitable bonding method such as silica coating is applied to the interface between FRP and concrete to ensure composite behavior. The proposed deck system uses the box-shape FRP member, while a typical FRP-concrete composite deck uses the I-shape FRP member. Theproposed deck system has inherent advantages of a FRP-concrete composite deck like corrosion free and easy construction. The new-type deck shows the equal performances compared to a previous one, and has the advantage of reducing self-weight. In this study, the static tests on 3-span FRP-concrete decks in full scale are carried out, so that load-displacement relation, stress distribution, failure mode and design criteria are analyzed. The test results show that the deflection design criterion (L/800, L: span length) is satisfied at the service load state. No concrete tensile crack occurs in the negative moment region above the main girder, regardless of no tensile reinforcement at upper concrete portion.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2011

이 연구에서는 대표적인 단순물체인 컨테이너선의 거주부를 모델링하여 모형선을 제작하였다. 그리고 거주부 측면에 디플렉터의 설치와 Sunken Deck의 개폐에 따른 거주부 후방의 배기가스 역류방지 효과를 회류수조에서 PIV 기법을 이용하여 계측하였다. 실험 장치는 고속카메라, 레이저, 이미지보드, 대용량컴퓨터로 구성된다. 거주부 후방에서 평균속도벡터와 축방향 속도를 구하여 그 결과를 서로 비교하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2014

To ensure durability and light weight of bridges, high-strength concrete is required for long-span deck slabs. Such a technology eventually extends the life of bridges and improves the economic efficiency. The results of this study suggests a formula for calculating the minimum thickness of long-span deck slabs built with high strength concrete. The minimum thickness is proposed based on the limit states indicated in the CEB-FIP Model Code and the Korean Highway Bridge Design Code(limit state design). The design compressive strength of concrete used for the study is 80MPa. Moreover, the required thickness for satisfying the flexural capacity and limiting deflection is estimated considering the limit state load combination. The formula for minimum thickness of deck slabs is proposed considering the ultimate limit state(ULS) and the serviceability limit state(SLS) of bridges, and by comparing the Korean Highway Bridge Design Code and similar previous studies. According to the research finding, the minimum thickness of long-span deck slab is more influenced by deflection limit than flexural capacity.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2020

A new type of bridge deck section consisting of four-box decks, two side decks for vehicular traffic lanes and two middle decks for railway traffic, has been experimentally investigated for determining its aerodynamic properties. The eight flutter derivatives were determined by the Iterative Least Squares (ILS) method for this new type of four-box deck model, with two windshields of 30 mm and 50 mm height respectively. Wind tunnel experiments were performed for angles of attack α = ±6°, ±4°, ±2° and 0° and Re numbers of 4.85×105 to 6.06×105 and it was found that the four-box deck with the 50 mm windshields had a better aerodynamic performance. Also, the results showed that the installation of the windshields reduced the values of the lift coefficient CL for the negative angles attack in the range of -6° to 0°, but the drag coefficient CD increased in the positive angle of attack range. However, galloping instability was not encountered for the tested reduced wind speeds, of up to 9.8. The aerodynamic force coefficients and the flutter derivatives for the four-box deck model were consistent with the results reported for the Messina triple-box bridge deck, but were different from those reported for the twin-box bridge decks.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.563-576
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• 2016

The flight deck of an aircraft carrier is relatively vulnerable compared to its hull, as the damage of some subsystems on the flight deck may cause the carrier losing its operational capability. Therefore, this work aims to represent a simulative method for evaluating the resistance of the flight deck's operational capability in the condition that the aircraft carrier is together with its strike group and the enemy uses the anti-ship missiles with the cluster warheads to attack. In the simulations, the susceptibility of the carrier and the vulnerability of the aircraft guarantee resources are gained. Then, with the help of the closed queuing network, the residual sortie generation rate can be solved, which reflects the flight deck's residual operational capability. The results have proven that the flight deck is of strong resistance to these attacks while it is very sensitive to the loss of some key aircraft guarantee resources.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 유리섬유 복합소재 교랑 바닥판 개발에 필요한 기초 자료를 마련하기 위하여, 필라멘트 와인딩공정과 인발성형공정으로 제작된 복합소재 교량 바닥판에 대해 휨시험과 구조해석을 실시하여, 휨특성을 비교$\cdot$분석하였다. 필라멘트 와인딩으로 제작된 삼각형 형상의 복합소재 교량 바닥판의 성능을 비교하기 위하여, 미국 MMC사의 Duraspan 바닥판과 동일한 크기의 바닥판 시험체를 필라멘트 와인딩으로 제작하여 휨시험을 실시하고 최대 파괴하중과 처짐, 변형률을 비교하였으며, 필라멘트 와인딩 바닥판 시험체와 동일한 바닥판 모델에 대해 구조해석을 실시하여 시험한 결과와 비교하였다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제18권4호통권70호
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• pp.427-434
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• 2005

본 논문에서는 경량, 고내구성 특성을 지니고 있고 신속시공이 가능한 인발성형 복합소재 교량 바닥판의 단면설계와 제작공정에 관해 기술하였으며, 구조해석을 동해 구조안전성과 사용성을 검토하였다. 단면설계에는 바닥판 단면 형상 설계와 복합소재 적층설계 절차를 기술하였고, 해석은 5주형 복합소재 바닥판 거더 교량에 대해 실시하였으며, 처짐 사용성, 파괴지수, 좌굴안정성에 대한 검토를 실시하였다. 설계된 복합소재 바닥판 단면은 인발성형으로 제작하였으며, 제작시편에 대한 재료시험을 실시한 후 그 결과를 기술하였다.