• 농약과학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Recent progress of several kinds of compounds which have been synthesized or isolated from natural fungi for screening or conducting test as agricultural fungicides as well as some formulations for wood stain and decay control have been reviewed in this paper in China. Comments were pointed for Chinas further research and development of fungicides as well as pesticides.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2008

Decay and mold resistance of zinc borate (ZB) and calcium borate (CB) modified oriented strandboard (OSB) from southern mixed hardwood and southern yellow pine was investigated in this study. Brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum and white-rot fungus Trametes versicolar were used to examine the decay resistance of the OSB. The OSB test specimens were colonized by brown and white rot fungal mycelium in both the brown and white-rot culture bottles after 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. The wood species and fungus type had the significant effects on the decay resistance. Brown rot decay was evident for all untreated southern pine and mixed hardwood controls. The white-rot decay, however, did not show significant weight loss at both species control samples. The incorporation of ZB and CB composites provides suitable protection against brown-and white-rot fungi. No significant weight loss was observed from the borate treated OSB.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.315-325
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• 2020

Boron compound had many advantages as wood preservative, but it was prone to leaching. Improving boron preservation was required to extend the service life of fast growing and low durability red jabon (Antochephalus macrophyllus) hardwood. This study aimed to evaluate the dimensional stability, color change and durability of modified red jabon wood by double impregnation with boron and methyl methacrylate (MMA) and heat treatment. Impregnation I used boric acid or borax, and impregnation II used MMA, while heat treatment used temperatures of 90 ℃ or 180 ℃ for 4 hours. The dimensional stability, leachability, water absorption, color change and decay resistance of modified red jabon wood were tested. The results showed that MMA impregnation increased the dimensional stability of red jabon wood, while the leaching and water absorption in the wood significantly reduced. Heating at 180 ℃ caused less water absorption and higher dimensional stability of the wood than that of heating at 90 ℃. Impregnation with boric acid and MMA followed by heating at 90 ℃ resulted in the highest wood ASE, 89.9%. The color change (∆E^*) of wood increased significantly after MMA impregnation and heating at 180 ℃. Boric acid impregnation caused more resistant wood than borax impregnation against decay fungi and termites. Impregnation with boric acid and MMA followed with heating at 180 ℃ increased significantly the wood resistance against decay fungi and termites.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.559-565
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• 2013

목재사용량의 증가에 따라 목재의 화재안전성에 대한 요구가 높아지고 있다. 실내 사용 목재의 난연처리에 무기인계를 약제로 사용함으로써 환경에 대한 부담을 줄이면서 난연성능을 향상 시킬 수 있다. 수용성 약제를 가압 주입하여 목재 내 깊숙이 침투시키면 목재의 고유기능을 유지하면서 난연성능을 부여 할 수 있다. 난연제의 용탈을 억제하여 장기간 성능을 유지할 수 있는 장점도 있다. 저자들은 액상규산나트륨을 주약제로 하고, 붕산 및 인계 약제를 보조약제로 하여 목재 내로 약액을 주입하는 공정을 개발하였다. 이들 약제는 난연성능 외에 방부 및 방충성능을 지니는 약제가 포함되어 있어, 난연성능과 함께 목재 사용 시 노출될 수 있는 부후환경에서의 내후성능을 방미효력과 방부효력으로 평가하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2018

Two-hundred and fifty-five strains of actinomycetes isolated from soil samples were screened for their antagonistic activities against four well-known wood decay fungi (WDF), including a brown rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum and three white rot fungi Donkioporia expansa, Trametes versicolor, and Schizophyllum commune. A dual culture assay using culture media supplemented with heated or unheated culture filtrates of selected bacterial strains was used for the detection of their antimicrobial activity against four WDF. It was shown that Streptomyces atratus, S. tsukiyonensis, and Streptomyces sp. greatly inhibited the mycelial growth of the WDF tested compared with the control. To evaluate the biocontrol efficacy of S. atratus, S. tsukiyonensis, and Streptomyces sp., wood blocks of Pinus densiflora inoculated with three selected Streptomyces isolates were tested for weight loss, compression strength (perpendicular or parallel to the grain), bending strength, and chemical component changes. Of these three isolates used, Streptomyces sp. exhibited higher inhibitory activity against WDF, especially G. trabeum, as observed in mechanical and chemical change analyses. Scanning electron microscopy showed that cell walls of the wood block treated with Streptomyces strains were thicker and collapsed to a lesser extent than those of the non-treated control. Taken together, our findings indicate that Streptomyces sp. exhibits the potential to be used as a biocontrol agent for wood decay brown rot fungus that causes severe damage to coniferous woods.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.50-60
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• 2020

Fungi are wood-decaying organisms, and this is an important trait that should be considered in wood utilization. When fungi attack wood, it decreases the quality of the wood. The use of metal screws has become an important part of woodworking. The ability of fungi to decay wood and damage metal screws that are embedded into wood is varied. In this study, eight fungal species were evaluated with respect to their ability to decay Parashorea smythiesii and P. tomentella wood. In addition, the effect of fungi on corroding metal screws was determined using the Kolle flask method. The evaluation showed that the fungal species Schizophyllum commune, Pycnoporus sanguineus, and Polyporus arcularius were highly capable of decaying Parashorea spp. woods. The greatest wood weight loss occurred with the heartwood of P. tomentella exposed to S. commune. Based on the classification of wood resistance against fungal attack, the two Parashorea spp. were classified as moderately resistant woods (class III). Schizophyllum commune was classified as highly capable of decaying wood that was embedded with metal screws and was highly capable of corroding metal screws placed in fungi-culture media. The greatest weight of rust powder formed because of screw corrosion was obtained from screw-embedded wood exposed to S. commune. Additionally, the most severe corrosion of metal screws that were embedded into woods was caused by the activities of P. arcularius. Moreover, the average weight loss of screw-embedded wood was greater than that of unscrewed wood.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제79권2호
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• pp.138-143
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• 1990

낙엽송 성숙임분(成熟林分)(1925년(年) 식재(植栽))내(內)에서 해면버섯균(菌)과 꽃송이버섯균(菌)의 자실체(子實體)가 발생(發生)된 부후피해목(腐朽被害木)을 벌채(伐採)하여 심재부후피해(心材腐朽被害)을 조사(調査)하였다. 벌근단면상(伐根斷面上)에 수(髓)를 중심(中心)하여 나타난 부후단면적율(腐朽斷面積率)은 19.2~74.4%, 부후(腐朽)높이는 수고(樹高) 1.2~5.5m, 부후재적율(腐朽材積率)은 2.2~13.4%였고, 심재부(心材部)에 부후(腐朽)가 나타나는 높이까지를 손실재(損失材)로 보면 전체재적(全體材積)의 27.2%(13.1~37.1%)가 부후(腐朽)된 것으로 나타났다. 양균종간(兩菌種間)의 피해(被害)크기 비교(比較)에서는 꽃송이버섯균(菌)에 의(依)한 피해(被害)가 해연버섯균(菌)에 의(依)한 피해(被害)보다 더 심(甚)하였다. 또한 부후재부(腐朽材部)의 압축강도(壓縮强度)($52{\sim}77kg/cm^2$)와 비중(比重)(0.40~0.47)은 건전목(健全木)의 건전재(健全材)에 비(比)하여 각각(各各) 최고(最高) 77% 및 39%가 감소(減少)한 것으로 나타났고, 부후재부(腐朽材部)가 있는 높이까지의 육안건전재부(肉眼健全材部)의 강도(强度)와 비중(比重)도 최고(最高) 42% 및 26%가 감소(減少)한 것으로 나타났다. 한편 부후피해목(腐朽被害木)과 건전목(健全木)의 연년(連年) 생장량(生長量) 비교(比較)에서, 흉고직경(胸高直徑) 생장량(生長量)은 식재(植栽) 8-14년후(年後)부터 재적(材積) 생장량(生長量)은 식재(植材) 12-21년후(年後)부터 건전목(健全木)에 뒤떨어지는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2015

To evaluate the natural decay durability of valuable domestic softwoods which are used for preservative treatment in our country, we carried out decay test by European standard method. Of all test wood species, Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) showed slightly high natural decay durability compared to other 4 wood species, Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora), pitch pine (Pinus rigida), Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica), and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). However, all of evaluated domestic softwood species in this study caused high weight losses over about 30% in heartwood by test fungus, Poria placenta. We can hardly expect a good natural decay durability from these softwood species. According to the classification of the natural durability of European standard (EN 350-1), they are classified into "Not durable" or "Slightly durable". Therefore, if using these softwoods as exterior materials, we must do preservative treatment to ensure durability.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.497-510
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 과열증기를 이용하여 열처리한 낙엽송재의 야외 내후성 시험을 통해 부후균과 해충에 대한 저항성을 평가하였다. 12개월간 진행된 야외 내후성 시험 결과, 무처리재는 흰개미에 의한 피해가 두드러지게 나타났지만 방부목재와 과열증기 열처리재에서는 육안으로 관찰되는 피해는 발견되지 않았다. 무처리재와 방부목재는 약 5%의 질량 감소를 보였으며, 과열증기 열처리재는 약 1%의 질량 감소를 보였다. 야외 내후성 시험이 진행된 후 방부목재에 남아있는 방부약제의 함량이 야외 내후성 시험 전보다 감소한 것으로 보아 야외 내후성 시험이 진행되는 동안 방부약제가 일부 용출된 것으로 보이며, 이에 따라 방부목재의 질량 감소가 무처리재와 유사한 수준으로 나타난 것으로 생각되었다. 과열증기를 이용한 열처리는 방부약제 주입과 같은 화학적인 처리 없이 친환경적으로 목재의 부후균과 해충에 대한 저항성을 개선시킬 수 있는 가능성이 확인되었으며, 이를 위하여 장기적인 관찰이 추가적으로 필요할 것이라 생각된다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2023

This research aimed to evaluate the durability of Samama (Anthocephalus macrophyllus) wood treated with boron preservatives, citric acid (CA), and heating against termites. Wood samples were impregnated firstly with 5% boron solutions, such as boric acid, borax and boric acid + borax combination at 1:1 (w/w). The second impregnation used 5% CA. The impregnations were conducted in a pressure tank at 7 kg/cm² for 4 hours. After impregnation, the samples were heat treated at 80℃ or 160℃. All the treated and control samples were exposed to decay fungi, drywood termites and subterranean termites based on SNI 7207:2014 standard. The results showed that boron preservatives reduced fungal attacks on Samama wood. The combination treatment of boric acid, CA and heat treatment at 160℃ was also effective to increase the resistance of Samama wood against white- and brown rot fungi, and drywood termites. Heat treatment consistently improved the resistance of Samama wood from decay fungi.