• 한국안전학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2013

The Advanced Power Reactor Plus(APR+), which is a GEN III+ reactor based on the APR1400, is being developed in Korea. In order to enhance the safety of the APR+, a passive auxiliary feedwater system(PAFS) has been adopted in the APR+. The PAFS replaces the conventional active auxiliary feedwater system(AFWS) by introducing a natural driving force mechanism while maintaining the system function of cooling the primary side and removing the decay heat. As the PAFS completely replaces the conventional AFWS, it is required to verify the cooling capacity of PAFS for the core damage frequency(CDF) evaluation. For this reason, this paper discusses the cooling performance of the PAFS during transient accidents. The test case and scenarios were picked from the result of the sensitivity analysis in APR+ Probabilistic Safety Assessment(PSA). The analysis was performed by the best estimate thermal-hydraulic code, RELAP5/.MOD3.3. This study shows that the plant maintains the stable state without the core damages under the given test scenarios. The results of PSA considering this analysis' results shows that the CDF values are decreased. The analysis results can be used for more realistic and accurate performance of a PSA.

• 지구물리
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2004

밀도 검층에 미치는 각 영향 요소들을 검토하고 현행 사용자 보정의 한계와 문제점 파악을 위한 기초 실험이 수행되었다. 간접 보정 방법에 속하는 현행 사용자 보정을 물과 알루미늄 블럭을 사용하는 사용자 보정과 반감기 식을 이용한 사용자 보정으로 구분하여 분석하였으며 국내에서 처음 시도된 지구물리모형 시추공을 이용한 직접 보정 방법의 적용 결과와 비교, 분석되었고 이로부터 기존의 사용자 보정의 한계와 가능성을 평가할 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2019

In the Geumho River, 4-nitrophenol has been detected, thus it is necessary to investigate the contamination sources in order to prevent the release of this compound. However, the research to estimate the potential source is regarded as complicated research. In this study, the distributions of 4-nitrophenol were simulated and the contribution of the potential sources was estimated using a numerical model(HydroGeoSphere; HGS) and the measuring data of 4-nitrophenol from 2013 to 2017. The altitude data, the land cover data, the flow rates of the tributaries and wastewater treatment plants, and the decay rate of 4-nitrophenol was used as the input data. The results of this research showed that the contribution rates of potential contamination sources in the upstream area were higher than that of the downstream area. Most of the upstream area is the agricultural area, it seemed that 4-nitrophenol was originated from the pesticides. In order to achieve more specific location of sources, an intensive investigation in the upstream is required.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권8호
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• pp.2915-2923
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• 2022

There is an increasing interest in passive safety systems to minimize the need for operator intervention or external power sources in nuclear power plants. Because a passive system has a weak driving force, there is greater uncertainty in the performance compared with an active system. In previous studies, several methods have been suggested to evaluate passive system reliability, and many of them estimated the failure probability using thermal-hydraulic analyses and the Monte Carlo method. However, if the functional failure of a passive system is rare, it is difficult to estimate the failure probability using conventional methods owing to their high computational time. In this paper, a procedure for the application of the Chernoff bound to the evaluation of passive system reliability is proposed. A feasibility study of the procedure was conducted on a passive decay heat removal system of a micro modular reactor in its conceptual design phase, and it was demonstrated that the passive system reliability can be evaluated without performing a large number of thermal-hydraulic analyses or Monte Carlo simulations when the system has a small failure probability. Accordingly, the advantages and constraints of applying the Chernoff bound for passive system reliability evaluation are discussed in this paper.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권12호
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• pp.4722-4730
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• 2022

This paper introduces a new point depletion-based source term calculation code named BESNA (Bateman Equation Solver for Nuclear Applications), which is aimed to estimate nuclide inventories and source terms from spent nuclear fuels. The BESNA code employs a new modified CE/CM (Constant Extrapolation - Constant Midpoint) predictor-corrector scheme in depletion calculations for improving computational efficiency. In this modified CE/CM scheme, the decay components leading to the large norm of the depletion matrix are excluded in the corrector, and hence the corrector calculation involves only the reaction components, which can be efficiently solved with the Talyor Expansion Method (TEM). The numerical test shows that the new scheme substantially reduces computing time without loss of accuracy in comparison with the conventional scheme using CRAM (Chebyshev Rational Approximation Method), especially when the substep calculations are applied. The depletion calculation and source term estimation capability of BESNA are verified and validated through several problems, where results from BESNA are compared with those calculated by other codes as well as measured data. The analysis results show the computational efficiency of the new modified scheme and the reliability of BESNA in both isotopic predictions and source term estimations.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.54.3-54.3
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• 2019

During the formation of large-scale structures in the universe, shocks with the sonic Mach number Ms <~ 5 are naturally induced by supersonic flow motions of baryonic matter in the intracluster medium (ICM). Cosmic rays (CRs) are expected to be accelerated via diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) at these ICM shocks, although the existence of CR protons in the ICM remains to be confirmed through gamma-ray observations. Based on the results obtained from kinetic plasma simulations, we build an analytic DSA model for weak, quasi-parallel shocks in the test-particle regime. With our DSA model, the CR acceleration efficiency ranges ~ 0.001 - 0.02 in supercritical quasi-parallel shocks with sonic Mach number Ms ~ 2.25 - 5, and the acceleration would be negligible in subcritical shocks wth Ms <~ 2.25. Adopting our DSA model, we estimate gamma-ray and neutrino emissions from clusters of galaxies by performing cosmological hydrodynamic simulations. The estimated gamma-ray flux is below the Fermi-LAT upper limit. In addition, the possible neutrino emission due to the decay of charged pions in galaxy clusters would be about <~ 1% of the atmospheric neutrino intensity in the energy range of <~ 100 GeV. In this talk, we will discuss the implication of our results.

• 지역연구
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.65-81
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• 2015

본 연구의 목적은 국민국내관광객을 대상으로 이동시간거리에 대한 관광수요탄력성을 분석하는 것이다. 분석자료는 국민여행실태조사의 여행기록부 원자료를 이용하였고, 이동시간거리별 관광 수요는 구분적 선형회귀모형(Piecewise Linear Regression)을 적용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 정리하면, 첫째, 우리나라 국민국내관광객의 이동시간거리 1분 증가할 때 관광수요는 비탄력적으로 0.005%만큼 감소하였다. 이를 시간거리에 따른 구간별로 보면, 동일 조건에서 관광수요는 출발지에서 1구간(11.6분 이내)은 0.206% 상승하였고, 2구간(11.7-75.1분)과 3구간(75.2분 이상)에서 각각 0.106%, 0.014% 감소하였다. 둘째, 관광객의 수요가 나타나지 않는 이동시간거리 75.2분 이상의 구간은 거리조락율이 급격히 상승하는 관광효과배제구역(Effective Tourism Exclusion Zone)으로 해석할 수 있다. 셋째, 관광행태별 관광수요는 동반여행보다 단독여행 할 경우 증가하였으며, 출발지 기준의 관광수요는 중소도시 및 읍면에 비하여 대도시에 거주할수록 높게 나타났다. 연령별 관광수요는 젊은 연령에서 증가하다 고연령으로 갈수록 감소하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2015

In Korea, 69.4 % of duck farms had utilized conventional plastic greenhouses. In this facilities, there are difficulties in controlling indoor environments for raising duck. High rearing density in duct farms also made the environmental control difficult resulting in getting more stressed making their immune system weaker. Therefore, a facility is needed to having structurally enough solidity and high efficiency on the environmental control. So, new design plans of duck house have recently been conducted by National Institute of Animal Science in Korea. As a study in advance to establish standard, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to estimate the aerodynamic problems according to the designs by means of overall and regional ventilation efficiencies quantitatively and qualitatively. Tracer gas decay (TGD) method was used to calculate ventilation rate according to the structural characteristics of duck houses including installation of indoor circulation fan. The results showed that natural ventilation rate was averagely 164 % higher than typically designed ventilation rate, 1 AER ($min^{-1}$). Meanwhile, mechanically ventilated duck houses made 81.2 % of summer ventilation rate requirement. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a new duck house considering more structural safety as well as higher efficiency of environmental control.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2012년도 자성 및 자성재료 국제학술대회
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• pp.104-105
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• 2012

The temperature dependence of the effective magnetic anisotropy constant K(T) of ferrite nanoparticles is obtained based on the measurements of SQUID magnetometry. For this end, a very simple but intuitive and direct method for determining the temperature dependence of anisotropy constant K(T) in nanoparticles is introduced in this study. The anisotropy constant at a given temperature is determined by associating the particle size distribution f(r) with the anisotropy energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$. In order to estimate the particle size distribution f(r), the first quadrant part of the hysteresis loop is fitted to the classical Langevin function weight-averaged with the log?normal distribution, slightly modified from the original Chantrell's distribution function. In order to get an anisotropy energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$, the temperature dependence of magnetization decay $M_{TD}$ of the sample is measured. For this measurement, the sample is cooled from room temperature to 5 K in a magnetic field of 100 G. Then the applied field is turned off and the remanent magnetization is measured on stepwise increasing the temperature. And the energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$ is obtained by differentiating the magnetization decay curve at any temperature. It decreases with increasing temperature and finally vanishes when all the particles in the sample are unblocked. As a next step, a relation between r and $T_B$ is determined from the particle size distribution f(r) and the anisotropy energy barrier distribution $f_A(T)$. Under the simple assumption that the superparamagnetic fraction of cumulative area in particle size distribution at a temperature is equal to the fraction of anisotropy energy barrier overcome at that temperature in the anisotropy energy barrier distribution, we can get a relation between r and $T_B$, from which the temperature dependence of the magnetic anisotropy constant was determined, as is represented in the inset of Fig. 1. Substituting the values of r and $T_B$ into the $N{\acute{e}}el$-Arrhenius equation with the attempt time fixed to $10^{-9}s$ and measuring time being 100 s which is suitable for conventional magnetic measurement, the anisotropy constant K(T) is estimated as a function of temperature (Fig. 1). As an example, the resultant effective magnetic anisotropy constant K(T) of manganese ferrite decreases with increasing temperature from $8.5{\times}10^4J/m^3$ at 5 K to $0.35{\times}10^4J/m^3$ at 125 K. The reported value for K in the literatures is $0.25{\times}10^4J/m^3$. The anisotropy constant at low temperature region is far more than one order of magnitude larger than that at 125 K, indicative of the effects of inter?particle interaction, which is more pronounced for smaller particles.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.116-126
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• 2008

가스 하이드레이트의 탐사에서 탄성파 진폭과 주파수 특성은 가스 하이드레이트의 부존 여부에 대한 매우 중요한 판단 근거이다. 본 연구에서 탄성파 진폭특성은 탄성파 수치모델링 기법을 이용하여 음원 주파수 및 산란체의 크기에 따른 변화 양상을 파악하고자 하였다. 일반적으로 진폭에 큰 영향을 미치는 산란은 음원의 주파수 제곱에 비례하고 산란 이상체의 체적에 비례한다. 음원의 주파수가 높아질수록 가스 하이드레이트 지층에서의 산란이 심하여 BSR이 잘 나타나지 않는 반면 음원의 주파수가 낮아질수록 가스 하이드레이트 지층의 진폭공백대 특성이 잘 나타나고 또한 하부의 BSR이 보다 뚜렷히 보이나 해상도가 낮아지게 된다. 가스 하이드레이트 지층 하부의 Free-Gas층을 통과한 반사파는 고주파수 성분이 감쇠되어 저주파수 성분이 우세해지고, Free-Gas로 인하여 나타나는 BSR의 진폭은 극성역전현상이 발생되며 이것은 가스 하이드레이트 지층의 존재와 분포를 판단하는 중요한 인자가 된다. 탄성파 주파수 특성 분석은 Wavelet Transform을 이용하여 시간에 따른 탄성파동의 주파수 변화를 관찰하는 방법을 사용하였다. 탄성파 모형 실험 자료에 대하여 적용한 결과 Free-Gas층에 대비되는 공기층을 통과하여 반사된 탄성파의 주파수는 고주파수 성분이 상당히 감쇠되었음을 관찰할 수 있었다.