• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.252-261
• /
• 2003

Although the young spike of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) or wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is known as the most susceptible part to spring cold injury, the risk of cold injury is apt to be ignored in most breeding program due to the importance of early maturity. Based on these aspects, the types and inducing time, temperature conditions for induction and effects of cold injury on growth and yield in this study were investigated under greenhouse and field conditions through three years (1997-1999). In natural condition, low temperature around -2.4∼$-10.2^{\circ}C$ caused the death of plant. Several cold injury types such as partial degeneration of spike, partial discoloration of leaf, spike and awn, discoloration of culm and white spike were observed at low temperature around $-3.1^{\circ}C$. Low temperature around -2.4∼$-8.6^{\circ}C$ and 1.3-$7.6^{\circ}C$ caused degeneration and sterility of spike, respectively. Most materials were prepared to the spikelet foundation stage, spikelet differentiation stage, development stage of flower organ, booting stage and heading stage, which were known having risk for cold injury in field condition. Although most of the controlled stages were sensitive to the induced low temperature, booting stage was the most sensitive stage for cold injury. All of growth stages which were treated-heading stage, booting stage, development stage of flower organ, spikelet differentiation stage, spikelet foundation stage-were responded to low temperature treatment but the symptoms revealed were very specific according to the growth stages. Ears of plant in heading stage were discolored to white. Ears of plant in booting stage were degenerated in all or part of one. Plants in spikelet differentiation stage were sterile in all or part of one. When tried to detect the specific differences between normal and cold injured plants in appearance, spike length, distance between spike and flag leaf and the first internode length could be the critical points for occurrence of spike death caused by cold injury. In barley, the elongation of spike was stopped on 3.2cm after occurrence of spike degeneration, 4.7cm after occurrence of partial degeneration of spike, 5.0cm after occurrence of white spike. In wheat, it was stopped on 1.6cm after occurrence of stem death, 3.3cm after occurrence of spike degeneration, 8.3cm after occurrence of partial degeneration of spike, 8.1cm after occurrence of white spike, 7.5cm after partial discoloration of leaf and 9.3cm after partial discoloration of spike. The obtained results from low temperature treatment induced in growth chamber were similar to the field experiment, Beacuse the death of spikes was more when low temperature was treated two times than one times, the temperature should be upgrade to -3$^{\circ}C$ in order to get the same condition with field test.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2017

Objective: The death of animals during transport for slaughter is a major factor indicating the level of welfare in transported animals. The aim of this study was to assess mortality related to the commercial transport of finisher pigs for slaughter in the Czech Republic. Methods: The inspectors of the State Veterinary Administration of the Czech Republic recorded the numbers of finisher pigs transported to processing plants in the Czech Republic for slaughter and the mortality in these pigs in relation to transport in the period from 2009 to 2014. Results: Our results show that the likelihood of death losses in transported pigs increases with increasing transport distance. The transport-related mortality ranged from 0.049% in pigs transported for distances below 50 km to 0.145% in pigs transported for distances exceeding 300 km. The impact of external air temperature on the transport-related mortality found in our study clearly shows that current transport practices fail to ensure the welfare of pigs transported under other than moderate weather. Particularly cold temperatures below $-2^{\circ}C$ were associated with increased death losses in winter transport. Conclusion: Despite a decreasing trend in the mortality of finisher pigs transported for slaughter in Europe, our study suggests that current transport conditions are not efficient at ensuring the welfare of pigs during transport for longer distances and the protection of pigs against the negative impact of extreme ambient temperatures. Further research should focus on developing practical guidelines to improve the welfare of pigs in transit accordingly.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Pathology
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 1997

Enterotoxemia caused by Clostridium perfringens(Cl. perfringens)has occurred sporadically with devastating effect in Korean cattle. The disease is confirmed by detecting bacterial toxin the interstinal contents. however diagnosis has been challenging since the toxin is short lived and it must be demonstrated within one hour following death. The purpose of this paper is to provide additional clinicall and pathological information derived from observation of cattle administered with Cl. perfringens type A and/or its toxins isolated from natural case. Clinically cattle died suddenly in lateral recumbency with dyspnea tachycardia and muscle tremor without increased rectal temperature. hematology showed leukopenia with absolute decrease of all leukocytes. Blood glucose AST and ALT were increased. Grossly lungs were hyperemic haemorrhagic and edematous. Small intestine especially ileum was hyperemic and hemorrhagic with diffuse areas of necrosis. This study demonstrated that death without increased rectal temperature combined with leukopenia increased serum glucose pulmonary haemorrhage and edema plus necrotizing ileitis are important features associated with enterotoxemia due to Cl. perfringens type. A.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.101-107
• /
• 2008

To improve mating rate of the bumblebee, Bombus terrestris, temperature, photoperiod and illumination during mating periods favorable for B. terrestris were investigated. The mating rate of queen mated at $19^{\circ}C$ was 92.1%, which was 2.1-5.9% higher than that of $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. $19^{\circ}C$ was more effective than at $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ in death rate during mating periods. The survival rate after hibernation of queen mated at $19^{\circ}C$ was 3.0-17.7% higher than that of $22^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$. At the photoperiod regimes during mating periods, queen mated at 14 L was more effective than 12 L and 16 L in death rate during mating, survival rate after hibernation, and egg-characteristics. In case of illumination during mating periods, intensity of over 1000 lux was suitable for mating B. terrestris queen in colony development. Therefore, we supposed that mating temperature favorable for B. terrestris was $19^{\circ}C$ and photoperiod for mating was 14 L, and illumination was over 1000 lux.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.231-236
• /
• 1981

Studies were made on the optimal conditions of sterilization for Streptococcus pyogenes treated with heat. The results were as follows: The optimal temperature on growth of Streptococcus pyogenes was 37$^{\circ}C$ and mean generation time was 20 minutes in the logarithmic growth phase. The suspension of Streptococcus pyogenes, adjusted to pH 6-9 and treated with heat at 5$0^{\circ}C$, showed logarithmic death rate. Specific death rate constant(k) values at pH 6-9 were 0.1448, 0.1194. 0.1273 and 0.1707 minute$^{-1}$ , respectively.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.15-18
• /
• 1966

The purpose of this paper is to study on the thermal death time curve and F-values, and morphological and physiological characteristics observed for the identification. The three strains of thermal resistancing anaerobic bacteria isolated from unheated various cans and swelled cans and the different soils collected from the wide area in Korea. The results obtained in the light of the manual of Bergeg's for the identification of the anareobic bacteria have been shown that the three strains of anaerobic bacteria are pertained to Cl. sporogenes B-41 Cl. butyricum B-72 & Cl.. botulinum Type E B-163. The optimum temperature, pH and thermal resistance, thermal death point of the anaerobic have been measured.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.7-11
• /
• 1995

Ethylene glycol was given orally in 6 crossbred male cow calves @ 12 ml/kg b wt for 2 days continuously to develop acute nephrotoxicity and monitor blood chemicals profile in affected calves. Progressive depression, hypersalivation, ataxia, incoordination, staggering gait, grinding of teeth, recumbency, coma, convulsions and death were prominent symptoms in affected calves. Respiration and pulse rates were increased whereas body temperature and rumen movements were low. Haematological investigations revealed increase in total erythrocyte count, platelets count and packed cell volume till death and total leukocyte count up to day 3 which decreased on day 4 and 5. These calves revealed azotaemia, reduction in calcium, chloride and potassium and rise in sodium and AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase enzymes activity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.43-47
• /
• 1994

Prompt recognition and proper treatment of esophageal perforation or rupture may ax~ert death or minimize complications. We have experienced sixteen patients of esophageal perforation at the department of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery, Hallym Medical college during the period fromJan. 1986 to Sep. 1993. The ratio between male and female patient was 13:3 and their age ranged from 23 years to 67 years old. The major cause of esophageal perforations was spontaneous rupture in 7 cases[45%], surgical trauma in 2 cases[12%], instrumental trauma in 2 cases[12%], and others in 5 cases[31%]. The common site of esophageal perforation was in the lower third portion of the esophagus[10 cases, 62%]. The most consistent symptom of esophageal perforation was chest pain in 11 cases, temperature elevation within a few hours was 9 cases.Contrast roentgenographic studies demonstrated the perforation in all but 2 of the 16 patients. The frequent complications of esophageal perforation were empyema in 7 cases[45 %] and mediastinitis in 2 cases[12%]. fourteen patients had suture closure and drainage with 2 deaths, and 2 patient received only drainage procedures. The mortality rate was 12%[2 cases] and cause of death was sepsis and aortic rupture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
• /
• 2015.05a
• /
• pp.128-129
• /
• 2015

Domestic construction industry has seen a negative image in the sense that various accident occurs frequently. Status of construction accidents in the case of domestic workers is reduced. However, if the situation of foreign workers is increasing every year. This study aims to create high-temperature exposure standard table for foreign workers and domestic workers in the analysis through the discomfort index of fatalities and using the WBGT index for reducing fatalities foreign workers to improve the image of the construction industry.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.13 no.9
• /
• pp.4623-4626
• /
• 2012

Background: The risk of treatment-related death (TRD) and febrile neutropaenia (FN) with adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy for early breast cancer is unknown in Malaysia despite its widespread usage in recent years. This study aims to determine these rates in patients treated in University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC). Patients and Methods: Patients who were treated with adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy for early breast cancer stages I, II or III from 2007-2011 in UMMC were identified from our UMMC Breast Cancer Registry. The TRD and FN rates were then determined retrospectively from medical records. TRD was defined as death occurring during or within 30 days of completing chemotherapy as a consequence of the chemotherapy treatment. FN was defined as an oral temperature > $38.5^{\circ}C$ or two consecutive readings of > $38.0^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours and an absolute neutrophil count < $0.5{\times}10^9/L$, or expected to fall below $0.5{\times}10^9/L$. Results: A total of 622 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy during this period. Of these patients 209 (33.6%) received taxane-based chemotherapy. 4 taxane-based regimens were used namely the FEC-D, TC, TAC and AC-PCX regimens. The commonest regimen employed was the FEC-D regimen accounting for 79.9% of the patients. The FN rate was 10% and there was no TRD. Conclusion: Adjuvant taxane-based chemotherapy in UMMC for early breast cancer has a FN rate of 10%. Primary prophylactic G-CSF should be considered for patients with any additional risk factor for FN.