• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4307-4309
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• 2014

Purpose: To calculate the probability of one person's life-time death caused by a malignant tumor and provide theoretical basis for cancer prevention. Materials and Methods: The probability of one person's death caused by a tumor was calculated by a probability additive formula and based on an abridged life table. All data for age-specific mortality were from the third retrospective investigation of death cause in China. Results: The probability of one person's death caused by malignant tumor was 18.7% calculated by the probability additive formula. On the same way, the life-time death probability caused by lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal and anal cancer were 4.47%, 3.62%, 3.25%, 2.25%, 1.11%, respectively. Conclusions: Malignant tumor is still the main cause of death in one's life time and the most common causes of cancer death were lung, gastric, liver, esophageal, colorectal and anal cancers. Targeted forms of cancer prevention and treatment strategies should be worked out to improve people's health and prolong life in China. The probability additive formula is a more scientific and objective method to calculate the probability of one person's life-time death than cumulative death probability.

• 보험의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.140-147
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• 1984

We've reviewed 5,067 cases of claims by death that had occured for about 5 years from January, 1979 to October, 1983. As a result, We came to following conclusions; First, the greater part of deaths above mentioned were due to the Disease of Adult such as the Malignant neoplasm(18.4%), a Heart disease(10.4%), Liver cirrhosis(9.1%) and the Cerebrovascular disease(7.6%) as well as Accidental Death(26.5%), which were occupied by 72% of the whole. Second, classifying them by medical examination or non-medical, deaths in case of non-medical examination showed 80.8% of the. whole. And for age, sections ranging from 40 to 49 and from 30 to 39 took the overwhelming portions by 36.9% and 29.8% respectively, both of which showed 66.7% of the whole. Third, for the period elapsed, deaths within 1 year from the entrance showed 21.3% and that from 1 years to under 2 years, 19.9%. Thus the rate of early death under 2 years stood for 41.2% of the whole. Fourth, for occupation of the insureds, commerce occupied 20.4%, company employees 14.4%, agriculture 13.3%. These three categories marked 48.8% of the whole. From this, it appeared that the accidental death rate of the insured with the risky occupation was much greater than orthers.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제27권2_2호
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• pp.457-465
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• 2024

This study used Korea's cause of death statistical data to identify the scale and characteristics of deaths from respiratory diseases in Jeollabuk-do over the past five years ('18~'22). The average number of deaths due to respiratory diseases in Jeollabuk-do over the past five years was approximately 11.5% of all deaths, and pneumonia accounted for 81.0% of deaths due to respiratory diseases. Deaths from respiratory diseases were highest among men, those in their 80s, those who were widowed, and those with elementary school education. The highest number of deaths by occupation were skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery workers, but when standardized by age, the highest number of deaths were among technicians and related workers. The main place of death due to respiratory diseases was found to be medical institutions. In order to reduce the occurrence and death of respiratory diseases, it is necessary to establish resident health promotion and disease management health policies that reflect regional characteristics.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.305-314
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• 1984

From May 1977 to April 1984, 204 cases of open heart surgery were performed under cardiopulmonary bypass. There were 99 male and 105 female patients ranging in age from 19 months to 58 years. 136 cases [66.7%] were congenital heart disease, and 68 cases [33.3%] were acquired heart disease, which were 66 valvular disease [97.1%], 1 IVC obstruction, and 1 myxoma. There were 136 congenital heart anomaly with 16 operative deaths [11.8%], consisting of 94 acyanotic cases with 7 death [7.4%] and 42 cases of cyanotic cases with 9 deaths [21.4%]. In 66 patients of acquired valvular disease, 52 valves were implanted; 47 mitral valve replacement with 4 death [8.5%] and 5 double valve replacement [MVR+AVR] with 1 death [20%]. Postoperative, warfarin sodium was medicated with checking prothrombin time. Finally, the operative mortality was 11.8% in congenital anomaly, and 11.8% in acquired heart disease, overall mortality rate was 8.5%.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2007

Expressions of endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) genes were examined during the neuronal differentiation of rat fetal cortical precursor cells (rCPC) and rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. When rCPC were differentiated into neuronal cells for 7 days, early stem cell marker, nest in, expression was decreased from day 4, and neuronal markers such as neurofilament-L, -M and Tuj1 were increased after day 4. In this condition, expressions of BIP, ATF6, and phosphorylated PERK as well as their down stream signaling molecules such as CHOP, ATF4, XBP1, GADD34, Nrf2 and $p58^{IPK}$ were significantly increased, suggesting the induction of ERSR during neuronal differentiation of rCPC. ERSR was also induced during the differentiation of PC12 cells for 9 days with NGF. Neurofilament-L transcript was time-dependently increased. Both mRNA and protein levels of Tuj1 were increased after the induction, and the significant increase in NeuN was observed at day 9. Similar to the expression patterns of neuronal markers, BIP/GRP78 and CHOP mRNAs were highly increased at day 9, and ATF4 mRNA was also increased from day 7. These results strongly suggest the induction and possible role of ERSR in neuronal differentiation process. Further study to identify targets responsible for neuronal induction will be necessary.

• 한국인구학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.15-59
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• 1992

After world war II Japanese life expectancy has been improved remarkably, and reached the highest level in the world around late 1970's. The life expectancy of Korean has also shown tremendous improvement in recent years with about 20 year's gap from the Japanese. The reason of rapid improvement of life expectancy can be explained by changes in the structure of cause of death due to health system, living standard, social welfare, health behavior of individuals and so on. Korean in Japan is placed under different situations from both Korean in Korea and Japanese in these regards, and expected to show different picture of cause of death pattern. The objective of this study is the comparision of changing patterns of cause of death of three population groups, Korean in Japan, Korean in Korea and Japanese, and to investigate the reasons which effect to the structural difference of mortality cause with special emphasis on health ecological aspects. One of the major limitations of the Korean causes of death statistics is the under-registration which ranges about 10% of the total events, and inaccuracy of the exact cause of death. Some 20% of registered deaths were unable to classify by ICD. However, it is concluded that the Korean data are evaluated as sufficient to stand for over-viewing of trends of cause of death pattern. The evaluation is done by comparing data from registration and field survey over the same population sample. Population data of Korean in Japan differ between two sources of data; census and foreigner's registration. Correction is done by life table method under the assumption that age-specific mortality pattern would accord with that of the Japanese. The crude death rate was lowest among Korean in Japan, 5.7 deaths per 1,000 population in 1965. The crude death rates of Korean in Japan and Japanese are increasing recently influenced by age structure while Korean in Korea still shows decreasing tendency. The adjusted death rate is lowest among Japanese, followed by Korean in Japan, and Korean in Korea. The leading causes of death of Korean in Korea until 1960's was infectious diseases including pneumonia and tuberculosis. The causes of death structure changed gradually to accidents, neoplasm, hypertensive disease, cerebro-vascular disease in order. The main difference in cause of death between Korean and Japanese if high rate of liver diseases and diabetes for both Korean in Japan and Korea. A special feature of cause of death among Korean in Korea is remakably high rate of hypertensive disease, which is assumed to be caused by physicians tendency in choosing diagnostic categories. The low ischemic heart disease and high vasculo-cerebral disease are the distinctive characteristic of the three population groups compared to western countries. Specific causes of death were selected for detailed sex, age and ethnic group comparisons based on their high death rates. Cancer is the cause of death which showed most dramatical increase in all three population groups. In Korea 20.1% of all death were caused by cancer in 1990 compared with 10.5% in 1981. Cancer of the liver is the leading cause of cancer death among Korean in Japan for both sexes, followed by cancer of the lung and cancer of the stomach, while that of Korean in Korea is cancer of the stomach, followed by cancer of the liver and cancer of the lung for male. Causes of infant mortality were examined among the three population groups since 1980 on yearly bases. For both Japanese and Korean in Japan, leading cause of death ranks as conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital anomalies, accidents and other violent causes. Trends since 1980 for these two population groups in the leading cause of infant mortality showed no changes. On the contrary, significant changes in leading cause of death structure in Korea were observed : the ranking of leading cause of death in 1981 were congenital asnomalies, pneumonia bronchitis, infectious disease, heart disease, conditions originating in the perinatal period, accident and other violent causes ; in 1990 the ranking shifted to congenital anomalies, accident, pneumonia bronchities, conditions originating in the perinatal period, infectious disease. The mortality rate by congenital anomalies in Korea continuously grew than any other causes. Larger increase ocurred during the 1990's

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.353-361
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• 2011

In this study, cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) fraction extracted from the mulberry fruit (Morus alba L.) was investigated for its neuroprotective effects against oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and glutamate-induced cell death in rat primary cortical neurons. Cell membrane damage and mitochondrial function were assessed by LDH release and MTT reduction assays, respectively. A time-course study of OGD-induced cell death of primary cortical neurons at 7 days in vitro (DIV) indicated that neuronal death was OGD duration-dependent. It was also demonstrated that OGD for 3.5 h resulted in approximately 50% cell death, as determined by the LDH release assay. Treatments with mulberry C3G fraction prevented membrane damage and preserved the mitochondrial function of the primary cortical neurons exposed to OGD for 3.5 h in a concentration-dependent manner. Glutamate-induced cell death was more pronounced in DIV-9 and DIV-11 cells than that in DIV-7 neurons, and an application of $50{\mu}M$ glutamate was shown to induce approximately 40% cell death in DIV-9 neurons. Interestingly, treatment with mulberry C3G fraction did not provide a protective effect against glutamate-induced cell death in primary cortical neurons. On the other hand, treatment with mulberry C3G fraction maintained the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in primary cortical neurons exposed to OGD as assessed by the intensity of rhodamine-123 fluorescence. These results therefore suggest that the neuroprotective effects of mulberry C3G fraction are mediated by the maintenance of the MMP and mitochondrial function but not by attenuating glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in rat primary cortical neurons.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.39-42
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• 1981

Recent changes in the cause of death among the Korean population seem to be systematic and significant. Data on cause of death from the medically certified death certificates provide at least four types of evidence: a sudden increase in recent years in the numbers of death due to cerebrovascular disease or circulatory diseases including rheumatic fever and chronic heart diseases and atherosclerosis; increasing steadily in the numbers of death due to malignant neoplasm of various sites, and death due to accident; decreasing steadily in the numbers of death due to communicable diseases or parasite diseases; and a large number of deaths with unspecified symptoms and ill-defined conditions. The lack of complete registration of the deads occurred or the incomplete description on the cause of death reported suggests that statistical information of cause of death from the medically certified death records is meaningful in interpreting changing patterns.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.287-291
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• 2008

Ampicillin, a $\beta$-lactam antibiotic, has been reported to induce astrocytic glutamate transporter-l which plays a crucial role in protecting neurons against glutamate excitotoxicity. We investigated the effect of ampicillin on neuronal damage in the mouse hippocampus and neostriatum following transient global forebrain ischemia. Male C57BL/6 mice were anesthetized with halothane and subjected to bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery for 40 min. Ampicillin was administered post-ischemically (for 3 days) and/or pre-ischemically (for $3{\sim}5$ days until one day before the onset of ischemia). Pre- and post-ischemic treatment with ampicillin (50 mg/kg/day or 200 mg/kg/day) prevented ischemic neuronal death in the medial CAI area of the hippocampus as well as the neostriatum in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, ischemic neuronal damage was reduced by pre-ischemic treatment with ampicillin (200 mg/kg/day). In summary, our results suggest that ampicillin plays a functional role as a chemical preconditioning agent that protects hippocampal neurons from ischemic insult.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.383-390
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• 1985

108 cases of open heart surgery were done at our department in 1984. There were 58 male and 50 female patients ranging in age from 20 months to 52 years. 75 cases were congenital heart disease, and 33 cases were acquired heart disease. There were 75 congenital heart anomalies with 5 operative deaths [6.7%], consisting of 62 acyanotic cases with 2 deaths [3.2%] and 13 cases of cyanotic cases with 3 deaths [23.1]. In 33 patients of acquired valvular disease, 29 valves were implanted; 20 mitral valve replacement with 2 death [10%], 2 aortic valve replacement with 1 death [50%], 2 double valve replacement [MVR+AVR] and 2 open mitral commissurotomy plus aortic valve replacement with no death. Postoperative, Warfarin sodium was medicated with checking prothrombin time. Finally, the operative mortality was 9.2% in congenital anomaly, and 9.1% in acquired heart disease, overall mortality rate was 9.3%.