• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.234-241
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• 2019

Objectives: To identify simultaneous behavioral changes in alcohol consumption, smoking, and weight using a fixed-effect model and to characterize their associations with disease status. Methods: This study included 7 000 529 individuals who participated in the national biennial health-screening program every 2 years from 2009 to 2016 and were aged 40 or more. We reconstructed the data into an individual-level panel dataset with 4 waves. We used a fixed-effect model for smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, and overweight. The independent variables were sex, age, lifestyle factors, insurance contribution, employment status, and disease status. Results: Becoming a high-risk drinker and losing weight were associated with initiation or resumption of smoking. Initiation or resumption of smoking and weight gain were associated with non-high-risk drinkers becoming high-risk drinkers. Smoking cessation and becoming a high-risk drinker were associated with normal-weight participants becoming overweight. Participants with newly acquired diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and cancer tended to stop smoking, discontinue high-risk drinking, and return to a normal weight. Conclusions: These results obtained using a large-scale population-based database documented interactions among lifestyle factors over time.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.143-153
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• 2019

Purpose: We aimed to examine the correlations between pregnancy experience and attitude regarding weight change during pregnancy. Methods: This correlative study was conducted from July 2017 to October 2017 by involving 156 primigravida women who were over pregnancy 20 weeks in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do province. Data were collected using a questionnaire, which included questions on demographic data, experience during pregnancy, and attitude regarding weight change during pregnancy. Descriptive statistics were calculated. Also, independent t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of the participants was 30.62 years and their score of attitude regarding weight gain during pregnancy was low. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the pregnancy experience and attitude regarding weight gain during pregnancy in primigravida women. Conclusion: As a result of analyzing the correlation between pregnancy experience and attitude towards weight gain during pregnancy, it is apparent that attitudes toward weight change are different according to experience during pregnancy in women. Based on these results, it can be concluded that nursing intervention programs are necessitated to enhance the attitude of pregnant primigravida women towards pregnancy and weight gain.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.16C no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2009

The leaking of personal information is mostly occurred by internal users. The confidential information such as credit card number can be disclosed or modified by system manager easily. The secure storaging and managing scheme for sensitive data of individual and enterprise is required for distributed data management. The manager owning private data is needed to have a weight which is a right to disclose a private data. For deciding a weight, it is required that system is able to designate the level of user's right. In this paper, we propose the new algorithm named digit-independent algorithm. And we propose a new data management scheme of gathering and processing the data based on digit-independent algorithm. Our sharing and recovering scheme have the efficient computation operation for managing a large quantity of data using weight table. The proposed scheme is able to use for secure e-business data management and storage in ubiquitous computing environment.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.20 no.A
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• pp.303-309
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• 2000

Seismic reflection method is applied to detect shallow location of limestone in Chechon area. The data using hammer source is compared with that of weight drop. Small size hammer and weight-drop are used as energy source and 100Hz geophones are used for data aquisition. Data processing is conducted utilizing the available processing technique of "Geobit", which is seismic data processing software developed by KIGAM. The result of above data processing, the velocity of topsoil layer is 1,250m/sec. The velocity of this area is higher than other area because loading trucks pass this area and make this layer compact. And in limestone area, hammer is proposed to energy source instead of weight drop because the energy propagates the layer very well.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2009

Adequate nutrient intake during pregnancy is important to fetal and maternal health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting birth weight and gestational age and to provide basic data to promote more favorable pregnancy outcomes. Data were collected from 234 pregnant women at two hospitals in Seoul. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and health related habits were obtained using a questionnaire at the hospital visit during the second trimester. Dietary intakes were estimated by 24 hour recall at the hospital visit during the second trimester. Data on pregnancy outcomes, including birth weights and gestational ages, were obtained from hospital records after delivery. Birth weights were divided into a low birth weight group (birth weight<3.1 kg), a normal birth weight group (3.1-3.6 kg) and a high birth weight group (>3.6 kg). Gestational ages were divided into tertiles according to the gestational age of the subjects: group 1 (<38.53 weeks), group 2 (38.53-40.00 weeks) and group 3 (>40.00 weeks). The number of family members was significantly lower in the low birth weight group than in the normal birth weight group (p<0.05). In the low birth weight group, pregnancy weight was significantly lower than in the high birth weight group (p<0.05) Health related habits were not significantly different among any of the groups. Intakes of fiber, phosphorous, iron, vitamin $B_6$ and folic acid were significantly higher in the high birth weight group than the low birth weight group (p<0.05). Gestational age was not significantly affected by nutrient intakes, but birth weight was affected by nutrient intake in the results of this study. Therefore, the adequacy of nutrient intake is important for the improvement of pregnancy outcomes.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 1980

The interrelationships between growth rates (and size) of the selected cranifacial dimensions and body dimensions (height and weight) were investigated in the longitudinal data of primary school children from 6 to 11 years of age. The data were obtained from serial cephalometric radiographs and health record which were taken at one year interval. Regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The main concludions might be summarized as follows; 1. Size relationships between body height (and weigh) and S-Gn, posterior facial height (s-Go), total mandibular length (Ar-Gn) showed high significant correlation, but no association between body height, weight and anterior cranial base length (S-N). 2. Correlation coefficients between facial dimensions and body height (and weight) were getting lower with age increase. 3. At all age groups, significant prediction equation for some facial dimensions with body height and weight were obtained. 4. In this sample, the growth rates of facial dimensions and body height and weight showed almostly constant during this age period and the growth rate of body height and weight of girls was exceeded that of boys. 5. A relatively high degree of variation between individuals existed in the sample. 6. A positive correlation was found for the relationship between the growth rates of facial dimensions and those of body height (and weight) in boys and girls, but was not found in total samples.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.259-264
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• 2017

Birth weight of a new born baby provides very important information in evaluating many clinical issues such as fetal growth restriction. This paper analyzes birth weight data of babies born in Korea from 2011 to 2013, and it shows that there is a biologically implausible distribution of birth weights in the data. This implies that some errors may be generated in the data collection process. In particular, this paper analyzes the relationship between gestational period and birth weight, and it is shown that the birth weight data mostly of gestational periods from 28 to 32 weeks have noticeable errors. Therefore, this paper employs the finite Gaussian mixture model to classify the collected data points into two classes: non-corrupted and corrupted. After the classification the paper removes data points that have been predicted to be corrupted. This adjustment scheme provides more natural and medically plausible percentile values of birth weights for all the gestational periods.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.396-402
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• 2010

Objectives: Self-reported anthropometric values, such as height and weight, are used to calculate body mass index (BMI) and assess the prevalence of obesity among adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the validity of selfreported height, weight, and BMI of the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey questionnaire. Methods: A convenience sample of 137 middle school students and 242 high school students completed a selfadministered questionnaire in 2008. Body height and weight were directly measured after self-reported values were obtained from the questionnaire survey. Sensitivity, specificity, and kappa statistics were computed in order to evaluate the validity of the prevalence of obesity (BMI $\geq$ 95th percentile or $\geq$ $25;kg/$m^2$) based on self-reported data. Results: Self-reported weight and BMI tended to be underestimated. Self-reported height tended to be overestimated among middle school females and high school males. Obese adolescents tended to underestimate their weight and BMI and overestimate their height more than non-obese adolescents. The prevalence estimate of obesity based on selfreported data (10.6%) was lower than that based on directly measured data (15.3%). The estimated sensitivity of obesity based on self-reported data was 69.0% and the specificity was 100.0%. The value of kappa was 0.79 (95% confidence interval, 0.70 - 0.88). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that self-reported height and weight may lead to the underestimation of BMI and consequently the prevalence of obesity. These biases should be taken into account when self-reported data are used for monitoring the prevalence and trends of obesity among adolescents nationwide.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.275-289
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• 1989

The purpose of this study is to develop a computer system with data file and computerized programs for nutrition counseling. In this research, a 16 / XT personal computer (word : COBOL) compatible with IBM-PC/XT was used. Computer system developed for this study was as follows: Data files(food composition list, food exchange list, nutrition management comment, special diet therapy) were used for analysis the nutritional status and the ntrition education comment. (1) Programs for the nutritional status assessment 1) General information a) Name, age, sex, higher, weight, activity, disease and special diet b) Ideal body weight and Obesity assessment(Kaup index and Broca index) c) Rest and athletics status d) Biochemical data comparision with standard 2) Food Intakes 3) Nutrient Intakes a) Comparison of the amounts intaked with the recommended dietary allowances for present weight. b) Comparison of the energy composition rate intaked with the recommended dietary allowances for present weight. b) Comparison of the energy composition rate intaked with the recommended for present weight and ideal weight. c) Nutrient analysis by each meal and snack. 4) Food intakes from each food group and comparison with recommended 5) Special nutrient analysis. (2) Programs for the nutrition education based on nutritional status assessment. 1) Suggestion of number of food exchange group 2) Nutritional assessment and advise comments 3) Nutritional management comments 4) Special diet therapy In the study, the nutritioal status and nutrition education comments are based on individual data from nutrition counseling.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.544-553
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• 2024

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There are concerns about the adverse health effects of behavioral changes linked to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We conducted a survey to investigate changes in lifestyle habits, including exercise and eating, during the COVID-19 pandemic and their association with changes in weight. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We conducted a survey of 5,000 people in Hakui City, Japan, to assess their lifestyles and diets during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 3,992 complete responses were received. We also obtained pre- and post-pandemic health check-up data for 704 of the respondents. These health data were combined with the results of the questionnaire survey to identify factors associated with weight changes. Data were analyzed for 704 individuals. RESULTS: The mean body mass index was 22.5 ± 3.1 kg/m² for respondents whose weight did not change and 25.1 ± 2.7 kg/m² for respondents whose weight increased. The pre-pandemic mean values for abdominal circumference in females and for gamma-glutamyl transferase in males tended to be higher in those whose weight increased. Those with decreased weight tended to be older. Respondents who were already overweight were more likely to gain weight because of COVID-19-related changes in their lifestyle. In males, alcohol consumption was directly associated with weight, and in females, abdominal circumference was more important. CONCLUSION: The study found pre-pandemic overweight individuals likely gained more weight during it, with alcohol consumption being a significant factor for males. Weight loss was more crucial for those over 70, rather than weight gain.