• 기록학연구
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• 제1호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2000

It is almost impossible to fulfill the users' information needs efficiently without any finding aids. The idiosyncrasy of archival materials had led the archivists to develop their own descriptive rules until the mid of 1980s. It was the arrival of computers and information networks that stimulated the archival community to standardize its variant descriptive practices. The primary purpose of the national and international archival description standards is to facilitate the cooperative archival data exchange. The Ad Hoc Commission on Descriptive Standards of the International Council on Archives adopted ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF) in 1993 and in 1995 respectively. ISAD(G) guides the formulation of information in each of 26 elements that may be combined to constitute the description of an archival entity. ISAAR(CPF) is to give general rules for the establishment of archival authority records in descriptions of archival documents. Histories, structures and fundamental principles of those two international archival standards have been studies in this article. Most of the present archival description standards are based on the principle of provenance and the authority model. The instability of modern organizations and the digitalization of record keeping systems have been making the archivists to review these basic archival principles. It is suggested that Korean archival community should attempt to draft a national archival descriptive standard suitable to the Korean archival practice and Korean language in the framework of the international standards.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2021

Seed morphology, physiology and environmental conditions have influence on germination of any tropical seeds and their appropriate handling, processing and handling enhances seeds emergent. This study therefore investigated effects of storage durations under different temperatures on germination of Bombax costatum seeds from different provenances. Fresh 25 seeds of B. costatum in four replicates were collected from four different provenances (Aponmu, Oluwa, Ibadan and Oyo). They were surface sterilized, thoroughly washed in distilled water and stored at four different temperature regimes: 28℃, 21℃, 5℃ and -17℃. Samples were taken every 2 months for germination test for 18 months. Germination assessment was carried out daily and recorded. The experimental design was 4×4×10 factorial in 4 replicates. Data were subjected to percentages and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that there were significant differences among storage temperatures, storage durations and provenances on germination percentage. Freshly collected seeds from Aponmu and Oyo had the highest mean germination of 100% followed by seeds from Ibadan (89.3%). Seeds from Oyo provenance stored 5℃ had germination of 94.0%, 88.70% and 78.7% at 2nd, 4th and 6th month respectively. Seeds from Ibadan and Oyo stored at 28℃, 21℃ recorded 0.0% starting from 8 months of storage. Germination of B. costatum seeds from the four provenances decreased with increase in storage duration at different temperatures.

• Acta Via Serica
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-108
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• 2022

Since the most ancient times, lapis lazuli had been used for luxury goods such as jewelry and seals, to embellish sculptures and weapons or the precious objects of tombs, such as the golden mask of Tutankhamon or the famous "Standard" of the royal cemetery of Ur. Much more recent seems to be its frequent use as a pigment in wall paintings or polychrome stucco. In this article, the question of the sources for this extremely rare mineral is briefly discussed and the places proposed by ancient scholars as deposits of the mineral are presented and examined. The information provided in the medieval Arabic and Persian scientific literature has been considered and compared with the data of our modern geological knowledge. A list of sites in Central Asia, the Middle East, and India with lapis lazuli occurrence on wall paintings illustrate its wide use in different artistic cultures and periods between the 2nd and 10th centuries C.E. These cultures are in fact different in ethnic and linguistic origin and in the religious, economic, and social sphere, but closely interconnected by common pan-regional artistic traditions in style, materials, and techniques employed. A case study investigated by the authors in the Friday Mosque of Iṣfahān gives an example of the use of lapis lazuli pigment in Islamic wall paintings and stuccoes.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2022

최근 네트워크 기술 발전과 함께 IoT 및 소셜 네트워크 서비스의 활성화로 인해 많은 그래프 스트림 데이터가 생성되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 압축률 및 압축 시간에 대해 중점적으로 연구되던 기존의 압축 기법에 그래프 마이닝을 적용하여 스트림 그래프 환경을 함께 고려한 그래프 압축 기술을 제안한다. 또한, 최신 패턴을 유지하여 실시간으로 변화하는 스트림 그래프에서 압축 효율 및 처리속도를 향상시킨다. 본 논문에서는 그래프 스트림 처리를 위한 점진적 빈발 패턴 기반 압축 기법을 제안하였다. 제안하는 기법의 우수성을 보이기 위해 압축률과 처리시간을 기존기법과 비교하여 성능평가를 수행한다. 제안하는 기법은 그래프 데이터의 크기가 커질 때 중복되는 데이터가 많아져 기존 기법보다 빠른 처리속도를 보인다. 따라서, 빠른 처리가 요구되는 스트림 환경에서 제안하는 기법을 활용할 수 있다.

• 한국석유지질학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1995

제주도 남쪽지역에 발달한 신생대 대륙붕 주변분지(marginal-continental shelf basin)들은 타이완-신지 융기대 및 오키나와 곡분을 따라서 주로 북동-남서 방향으로 분포하고 있다. 이들 분지중 제주분지의 육성퇴적층에 대한 층서와 조구조적 환경(tectonic setting)을 밝히기 위해 10개 시추공을 연결하는 측선의 탄성파자료와 사암 및 응회암층 시료를 분석한 결과, 본 지역의 층서는 5개의 퇴적층과 기반암으로 설정되었다. 퇴적층 A는 플라이스토세 - 현세 퇴적물로 구성되어 있으며 퇴적층 B는 플라이오세 퇴적물로 구성되어있고 하위 퇴적층 C와 경사부정합관계를 갖는다. 하부구간에서는 수로의 발달로 인해 연속성이 매우 불량한 부분이 분지의 북부쪽에서 주로 관찰된다. 분지 남부지역은 하위 퇴적층과는 뚜렷이 구분되었으나 북부지역은 이들 퇴적층이 평행하게 퇴적되어 층간의 경계구분이 어렵다. 초기 마이오세에 해당되는 퇴적층 C의 탄성파 반사면들은 분지의 최남단부에서는 상위층에 경사지게 수렴하나 중-북부에서는 준평행하게 발달된다. 이들 두 지역간의 차이는 분지 남서부를 따라 발달된 주향이동 단층의 영향에 의한 것이며 이들 단층의 활동은 퇴적층 B의 발달이전에 종료되었다. 초기-중기 마이오세의 퇴적층 D내에는 퇴적후의 습곡 및 단층작용이 많이 관찰된다. 본 층은 부분적인 침강에 의해 두께의 변화가 심하다. 올리고세의 퇴적층 E는 하부 기반암 위에 부정합으로 놓여있으며 퇴적초기의 지형에 의한 경사에 의해 기울어 져 있고 퇴적 이 종료된 후의 구조운동에 의 해 습곡되 었다. 퇴적층 D 내에 발달된 화산암층의 절대 연령은 초기 - 중기 마이오세 이며 퇴적층 E 내에 분포하는 응회암층은 희토류 원소 분석 결과 및 고생물 자료 해석에 의하면 Green Tuff Formation 보다 고기의 화산활동에 의한 응회암이다. 탄성파층서 및 퇴적물의 분석 결과에 의하면 분지의 형성후 퇴적된퇴적층 E는 육성 퇴적물로 이루어 져 있으며 대륙지괴의 근원지로부터 퇴적물이 공급되었음을 지시한다. 퇴적층 E가 형성된 후 분지 외부의 퇴적물 공급지가 구조적 요인에 의해 융기하였고, 그 결과로서 퇴적물의 유입, 분지의 침강 및 화산활동이 급격히 증가하였으며 이들로 구성된 퇴적층 D는 화산활동을 수반한 반복조산대로부터 유래되었다.

• 기록학연구
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• 제4호
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• pp.131-161
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• 2001

This paper is to examine the bibliographical description of the revolutionary historical archives and the standardization of the archives management in China. The standardization in the field of records and archives management was not initiated on its own way but as a part of national - leveled standardization. As a first step National Committee on Technical Standardization of Literature was established, followed by the establishing of Committee on Technical Standardization of Micro - filming and Committee of Technical Standardization of Paper Form. The standardization of the records and archives management was carried out in the context of functions of these three committees. In 1983 the standardization in the sphere of records and archives management speeded up, when the National Archives Administration formed small organizations which led the standardization work all over the country. A committee of standardization originated from small organizations and it brought a great progress of the standardization. If some opinions on standardization were submitted from records offices or related offices, they were examined by the committee of standardization. The opinions that were submitted by the committee of standardization were examined by the National Archives Administration which proclaimed it officially. The Chinese government commenced to establish the bibliographical data centre for historical archives and materials on the basis of this process of standardization. In the case of the revolutionary historical archives the description was made on the level of sources(provenance), which was sent to the bibliographical data centre for historical archives and materials. The Chinese government set digitalizing as a goal in records and archives management in the middle of 1990's. It was regulated that the description of records item that should be transferred to the center must be digitalized. However, the description of the file level was not made separately being reflected in the process of description of item level. (The second part of the paper will be released in the next volume).

• 보존과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.411-420
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• 2009

경북 안동 옥동유적에서 출토된 청동유물 14점 중 청동시(靑銅匙) 5점을 대상으로 하여 ICP, 미세조직, TIMS 등의 과학적 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 청동시(靑銅匙)는 Cu- Sn 합금으로 Cu 75%이내, Sn 21~23%로 방짜유기에 해당되며, Pb, Fe, Zn 등이 미량성분으로 첨가되었다. 특히 납(Pb)은 0.04%의 미량으로 존재하는 것으로 보아 제련시 원광석에 포함된 불순물로 보인다. 청동시(靑銅匙)의 미세구조를 볼 때 청동시(靑銅匙)의 모양으로 골을 판 거푸집을 써서 주조한 다음 $586^{\circ}C$ 근방에서 가공하여 급랭한 것으로 추정된다. 열이온화질량분석(TIMS) 측정을 시행하여, 한국, 중국, 일본 납광석의 산지별 데이터 베이스에 대조해 봤을 때 청동시(靑銅匙)의 원료산지는 중국 남부의 납동위원소비와 유사함을 알 수 있다.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.459-465
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• 2010

국내 최초로 5세기 대 옹관을 생산하는 가마가 나주시 오량동유적에서 발견되었다. 이 가마는 영산강 중류에 입지하고 있으며 고대사회 장묘연구에 있어서 생산과 유통구조 그리고 소비체계를 연구할 수 있는 귀중한 자료이다. 따라서 이 가마에서 생산되는 옹관이 어디로 소비되었는지를 밝히기 위하여 인근 영산강유역을 중심으로 하는 대표적인 옹관 고분유적 5기와 4세기 대 만동유적에서 발굴된 옹관유물을 대상으로 하였다. 중성자 방사화분석법을 이용하여 각 유물들의 미량성분을 분석하고 그 결과를 판별분석을 이용한 통계분석으로 산지의 동일성을 추정하였다. 나주 오량동 가마에서 생산된 옹관은 교역과 유통을 통하여 나주 반남고분, 영암 옥야리고분, 그리고 함평 반암고분에서 사용되었을 가능성이 크다. 또한 고창 만동유적과 무안 인평고분의 옹관은 나주 오량동 가마에서 생산된 것이 아니라 다른 산지의 옹관 가마로부터 교역과 유통을 통해 유입되었다고 사료된다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-28
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• 2007

We investigated the changes in the species of the woods used for Korean ancient and historic architectures, which include prehistoric excavated relics and existing wooden buildings in South Korea. The species data were collected from various sources such as excavation and repair reports, journal papers, and a few unpublished documents. We divided the building Periods as Paleolithic, Neolitic, Bronze Ages, Iron Age/Three Kingdoms, Koryo, Joseon (early, middle, late) and modem periods. In prehistoric periods, hardwoods were major species. Oak (Quercus spp.) woods dominated (94 percent in average); the others (5%) were Juglans mandshurica, Platycarya strobilacea, Castanea crenata, and few softwoods(1%). During Iron Age and Three Kingdom periods, oaks remained as a major species (57%) and others Platycarya strobilacea(21%), Castanea crenata(13%), and Pinus spp. (6%). The oak woods decreased in Koryo period and they occupied only 1.1%. Instead of oaks, pine (Pinus spp., 71%) and Zelkova serrata (22%) dominated in Koryo. In early and middle Joseon periods, pine woods (73%) remain as a major species and the others were oaks (14%) and Zelkova serrata (9%). As late Joseon came, the pine woods occupied more than 88%. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a few boreal species such as larch (Larix spp.) and spruce (Picea spp.), which grow in cold area, were found. We believe they were transported from northern Korea. The existing buildings in Korea are mainly from Joseon period and a few from late Koryo periods. During these periods, pine woods were used for most buildings. For such reason, pine woods were known as 'representative materials for historic buildings'. but earlier times, broad-leaved trees, i.e., oak and Zelkova woods were major materials. The changes in building materials resulted from both climate and human impacts. The dry climate and disturbed forests induce more pines in the mountains. We also compared the wood qualities of the species and found that Zelkova woods were superior ones and deserved more planting for future demands in the repair for historic buildings.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.1044-1058
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• 2021

Tempered electronic contents have multiplied in last few years, thanks to the emergence of sophisticated artificial intelligence(AI) algorithms. Deepfakes (fake footage, photos, speech, and videos) can be a frightening and destructive phenomenon that has the capacity to distort the facts and hamper reputation by presenting a fake reality. Evidence of ownership or authentication of digital material is crucial for combating the fabricated content influx we are facing today. Current solutions lack the capacity to track digital media's history and provenance. Due to the rise of misrepresentation created by technologies like deepfake, detection algorithms are required to verify the integrity of digital content. Many real-world scenarios have been claimed to benefit from blockchain's authentication capabilities. Despite the scattered efforts surrounding such remedies, relatively little research has been undertaken to discover where blockchain technology can be used to tackle the deepfake problem. Latest blockchain based innovations such as Smart Contract, Hyperledger fabric can play a vital role against the manipulation of digital content. The goal of this paper is to summarize and discuss the ongoing researches related to blockchain's capabilities to protect digital content authentication. We have also suggested a blockchain (smart contract) dependent framework that can keep the data integrity of original content and thus prevent deepfake. This study also aims at discussing how blockchain technology can be used more effectively in deepfake prevention as well as highlight the current state of deepfake video detection research, including the generating process, various detection algorithms, and existing benchmarks.