• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.483-491
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• 2015

Data hiding is one of protective methods that can authenticate the completeness of digital information and protect intelligent property rights and copyright through secret communications. In this paper, we propose a data hiding method using pixel-value modular operation that has a high capacity while maintaining a good visual quality. The proposed method can embed secret data on the every pixel of a cover image by modular operation. The experiment results demonstrate that the proposed method has a high capacity and good visual quality where the embedding capacity is 91,138 bytes, the PSNR is 47.94dB, and the Q index is 0.968.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

In this research, a bit correction technique of data hiding method in timestamp of MFT entry in NTFS file system is proposed. This method is proposed in two ways, depending on the number of bytes of data to hide. A basic data hiding method using a bit correction technique to solve the problems of the conventional 2-byte technique is proposed. In order to increase the capacity of the data, a 3-byte data hiding method using an extended bit correction technique is proposed. The data hiding method in the timestamps is based on the fact that is not revealed in the Windows explorer window and the command prompt window even if any data is hidden in the timestamp area of less than one second. It is shown that the validity of the proposed method through the experimental two cases of the basic data hiding method by the bit correction method and the 3-byte data hiding method by the extended bit correction method.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권9호
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• pp.3286-3301
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• 2014

Jung and Yoo proposed the first image interpolation-based reversible data hiding algorithm. Although their algorithm achieved superior interpolation results, the embedding capacity was insufficient. Lee and Huang proposed an improved algorithm to enhance the embedding capacity and the interpolation results. However, these algorithms present limitations to magnify the original image to any resolution and pixels in the boundary region of the magnified image are poorly manipulated. Furthermore, the capacity and the image quality can be improved further. This study modifies the pixel mapping scheme and adopts a bilinear interpolation to solve boundary artifacts. The modified reference pixel determination and an optimal pixel adjustment process can effectively enhance the embedding capacity and the image quality. The experimental results show our proposed algorithm achieves a higher embedding capacity under acceptable visual distortions, and can be applied to a magnified image at any resolution. Our proposed technique is feasible in reversible data hiding.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2012

공간 도메인에서 많은 DE 기반의 가역정보은닉 기법과 히스토그램 쉬프팅 기반의 가역정보은닉 기법들이 제안되어 왔다. 히스토그램 쉬프팅 기반의 가역정보은닉 기법은 스테고 이미지의 왜곡이 적다는 장점을 갖는다. 하지만 비밀 데이터의 삽입용량이 적고, 추가 데이터가 많다는 단점이 있다. 이에 반해, DE 기반의 가역정보은닉 기법은 높은 삽입 용량을 갖는다는 장점이 있지만 스테고 이미지의 왜곡이 많다는 단점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 삽입 용량을 유지하지만 스테고 이미지의 왜곡을 줄이는 DE 기반의 가역정보은닉 기법을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 비밀 데이터를 삽입하기 전에 예측 오차들을 블록으로 나눈 후, 각 블록에 비밀 데이터를 삽입할 수 있는지 확인한다. 만약 블록에한 비트의 비밀 데이터만이라도 삽입하면 블록의 픽셀들은 변화한다. 제안하는 기법은 PSNR이 50dB 이상으로 다른 DE 기반의 가역정보은닉 기법보다 스테고 이미지의 왜곡을 줄인다.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.256-270
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• 2014

A new morphed steganographic algorithm is proposed in this paper. Image security is a challenging problem these days. Steganography is a method of hiding secret data in cover media. The Least Significant Bit is a standard Steganographic method that has some limitations. The limitations are less capacity to hide data, poor stego image quality, and imperceptibility. The proposed algorithm focuses on these limitations. The morphing concept is being used for image steganography to overcome these limitations. The PSNR and standard deviation are considered as a measure to improve stego image quality and morphed image selection, respectively. The stego keys are generated during the morphed steganographic embedding and extracting process. Stego keys are used to embed and extract the secret image. The experimental results, which are based on hiding capacity and PSNR, are presented in this paper. Our research contributes towards creating an improved steganographic method using image morphing. The experimental result indicates that the proposed algorithm achieves an increase in hiding capacity, stego image quality, and imperceptibility. The experimental results were compared with state of the art steganographic methods.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 2024

Illegal manipulation and alteration of digital content are becoming a social issue. To address this problem, there is an increasing demand for the development of technologies to prevent the manipulation and alteration of digital content. This paper proposes a data hiding algorithm capable of embedding a larger amount of confidential data in the original cover image while minimizing the degradation of image quality in stego images. The algorithm presented in this paper analyzes the characteristics of the image to extract corner points and then uses a method to insert watermarks around these extracted corner points. Additionally, through experimentation, it has been proven that this algorithm can insert a greater amount of watermark without degrading the image quality compared to other existing algorithms.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.2554-2575
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• 2020

Data hiding technology hides secret information into the carrier, so that when the carrier is transmitted over network, it will not attract any malicious attention. Using data compression, it is possible to reduce the data size into a small compressed code, which can effectively reduce the time when transmitting compressed code on the network. In this paper, the main objective is to effectively combine these two technologies. We designed a data hiding scheme based on two techniques which are turtle-shell information hiding scheme and absolute moment block truncation coding. The experimental results showed that the proposed scheme provided higher embedding capacity and better image quality than other hiding schemes which were based on absolute moment block truncation coding.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.404-421
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• 2020

A reversible data hiding scheme in JPEG compressed bitstreams is proposed, which could avoid decoding failure and file expansion by means of removing of bitstreams corresponding to high frequency coefficients and embedding of secret data in file header as comment part. We decode original JPEG images to quantified 8×8 DCT blocks, and search for a high frequency as an optimal termination point, beyond which the coefficients are set to zero. These blocks are separated into two parts so that termination point in the latter part is slightly smaller to make the whole blocks available in substitution. Then spare space is reserved to insert secret data after comment marker so that data extraction is independent of recovery in receiver. Marked images can be displayed normally such that it is difficult to distinguish deviation by human eyes. Termination point is adaptive for variation in secret size. A secret size below 500 bits produces a negligible distortion and a PSNR of approximately 50 dB, while PSNR is also mostly larger than 30 dB for a secret size up to 25000 bits. The experimental results show that the proposed technique exhibits significant advantages in computational complexity and preservation of file size for small hiding capacity, compared to previous methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1248-1266
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• 2012

This paper presents a multilevel reversible data hiding method based on histogram shifting which can recover the original image losslessly after the hidden data has been extracted from the stego-image. The method of prediction is adopted in our proposed scheme and prediction errors are produced to explore the similarity of neighboring pixels. In this article, we propose two different predictors to generate the prediction errors, where the prediction is carried out using the center prediction method and the JPEG-LS median edge predictor (MED) to exploit the correlation among the neighboring pixels. Instead of the original image, these prediction errors are used to hide the secret information. Moreover, we also present an improved method to search for peak and zero pairs and also talk about the analogy of the same to improve the histogram shifting method for huge embedding capacity and high peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR). In the one-level hiding, our method keeps image qualities larger than 53 dB and the ratio of embedding capacity has 0.43 bpp (bit per pixel). Besides, the concept with multiple layer embedding procedure is applied for obtaining high capacity, and the performance is demonstrated in the experimental results. From our experimental results and analytical reasoning, it shows that the proposed scheme has higher PSNR and high data embedding capacity than that of other reversible data hiding methods presented in the literature.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.525-537
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• 2016

Data hiding is a wide field that is helpful to secure network communications. It is common that many data hiding researchers consider improving and increasing many aspects such as capacity, stego file quality, or robustness. In this paper, we use an audio file as a cover and propose a reversible steganographic method that is modifying the sample values using modulus function in order to make the reminder of that particular value to be same as the secret bit that is needed to be embedded. In addition, we use a location map that locates these modified sample values. This is because in reversible data hiding it needs to exactly recover both the secret message and the original audio file from that stego file. The experimental results show that, this method (measured by correlation algorithm) is able to retrieve exactly the same secret message and audio file. Moreover, it has made a significant improvement in terms of the following: the capacity since each sample value is carrying a secret bit. The quality measured by peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC), and Similarity Index Modulation (SIM). All of them have proven that the quality of the stego audio is relatively high.