• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.190-197
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• 2019

This study investigated the luring effect of the sardine bait, which is used to catch octopus with pot, as the preliminary study for the development of alternative bait for octopus pot. The soaking time for bait was divided into "5 days or less" and "11 days or longer" The number of times octopus entered the pot with bait and the empty pot was investigated under dark adaptation and light adaptation processes and the distribution of tank section was investigated under light adaptation process. The case of "11 days or longer" sardine soaking time showed higher rate of distribution in the section of pot with bait compared to the case of "5 days or less" In the case of "5 days or less" soaking time, the number of times the octopus entered the pot with bait was similar to that it entered the pot without it even during dark adaptation and light adaptation. However, in the case of "11 days or longer", the octopus entered the pot with bait more quickly than the pot without bait and more frequently during dark adaptation hours. There were cases where the octopus did not enter any pot. In the case of "5 days or less", with less decomposition of baits, the octopus entered the empty pot more during light adaptation process, and it appeared that the pot was used as a hideout.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.145-150
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• 2000

망막의 광원에 대한 순응은 간상체-추상체에 의해 시간에 따라 명순응-암순응의 2개 곡선으로 이루어진다. 시간에 따른 순응도는 역치를 측정하여 얻어지며 분절점을 중심으로 2개의 감소 곡선이 된다. 암순응은 $T_{min}$, $a_r$, $a_c$, $T_{0(r)}$, $T_{0(c)}$, $t_b$, $t_c$의 파라미터로 이루어진 exponential decay 함수로 표현 할 수 있다. $t_b$ 이하의 곡선은 추상체의 순응 민감도 곡선이고 $t_b$ 이상 곡선은 간상체의 순응 민감도를 나타낸다. Exponential decay 함수는 망막 위치에 따른 순암순응 시표의 각도에 따른 암순응, 조명 크기에 따른 암순응, 나이에 따른 암순응 등의 암순응 함수에 잘 적용되었다. Decay parameter가 암순응 함수의 성질을 표현할 수 있어 지표로써 사용할 수 있다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

Effects of dark adaptation have large safety implications. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of varying illuminance and the size of critical detail on visual performance (i.e., time-to-detect) in a dark room environment. While adapting to the dark environment, ten subjects were asked to detect and answer simple numerical expressions under 9 experimental conditions (3 illuminance level $\times$ 3 target size). The ANOVA results revealed that the time-to-detect was significantly affected by both of the illumination level and the size of critical detail. As illumination increased from 10 lux to 20 lux, the time-to-detect was significantly declined. For the size of critical detail, 0.5/min size (i.e., equal to 2 minutes of visual angle) resulted in a shorter time-to-detect, as compared to 0.7/min size (i.e., equal to 1.6 minutes of visual angle). Potential applications of this research include the development of design guidelines for illumination and warning signs in poorly illuminated viewing environments.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.334-343
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• 1995

명상태와 암상태에서 벼멸구의 겹눈의 미세구조가 변화하는 것을 관찰하였다. 벼멸구의 겹눈을 암조건 혹은 광조건 하에서 최고 72시간 까지 유지하였을 경우에 비슷한 수준에서 겹눈을 절단하여 해부 현미경으로 관찰한 결고, 구조적인 면에서 서로 다른 모양을 관찰하였다. 한편, 전자현미경을 이용하여 암조건과 광조건 하에서의 겹눈의 미세구조를 비교한 결과, 단애층(palisade layer)의 넓이는 광조건하에서 암조건에서 보다 더 좁은 것을 알 수 있었다. 색소체는 암적응 상태의 눈에서는 단애층 주위에 원을 형성하고 있었지만, 감간채 주위에 밀집되어 있지는 않았다. 암적용과 광적용 상태의 눈에 있는 망막세포 내에서의 미세융모 지름은 차이가 없었으며, 수정체와 감간체의 접합 부위에 있는 색소체의 이동은 감간체의 위부분에 있은 수정체의 끝부분에서 변화가 있음을 관찰 할 수 있었다.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2011

When an emergency light turns on due to a blackout, the intensity of illumination is drastically changed from hundreds [1x] to 1.0[1x]. This sharp change of illumination intensity not only lowers the darkness adaptation of the eye, it also degrades the obstacle cognitive ability of the evacuees, resulting in secondary critical accidents due to anxiety, and fear. Thus, this study proposed a convertible emergency lighting fixture that controls the rate of speed of light in two stages by time with darkness adaptation of the eye in consideration. In addition, the effect of such emergency light is verified by suggesting an illumination simulation without increasing the number of light or capacity of battery to make it economically feasible.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2011

Zinc plays a key role in genetic expression, cell division, and cell growth and is essential for the functions of more than 450 metalloenzyme. There are high concentrations of zinc in pigment epithelium in bullfrog eye. Zinc deficiency causes night blindness and abnormal dark adaptation. The purpose of this study was to identify ERG (electroretinogram) b-wave sensitivity during light and dark adaptation in bullfrog retina after zinc and zinc chelators treatment such as histidine and TSQ (N-(6-methoxy-8-qunolyl)-p-toluenesulfon amide). Especially, we focused whether histidine act as a zinc chelator in the Muller cell. The results of our study are summarized as follows: 1) Both zinc and histidine elevated ERG b-wave amplitude and threshold in Muller cells by accelerating rhodopsin regeneration time and increased a-peak absorbance during light adaptation. 2) TSQ reduced those by prolonging rhodopsin regeneration time and decrement of a-peak absorbance during light adaptation. 3) Zinc shortened rhodopsin regeneration time and prolonged a-peak absorbance. These results suggested that histidine may act as a zinc-mediated transporter in presynaptic Muller cell membrane rather than zinc chelator and acts as a GABA-receptor inhibitor which blocks $Cl^-$ influx to the postsynapse.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.145-148
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• 2009

비상등 점등시 수백[lx]에서 1.0[lx]로 순간적으로 조도가 변한다. 급격한 조도변화는 암순응 시간을 증가시키며 대피자의 시력과 장애물 인식능력을 감소시킨다. 대피자는 이런 이유로 불안감과 공포감 느낄 뿐만 아니라 2차 사고로 확대되어 더 심각한 피해를 입을 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이와 같은 암순응 문제점을 개선하고자 광속비율의 시간차이를 설정하여 조도를 조정하는 겸용형 비상등기구에 관해 연구하였다. 단, 경제성을 고려하여 비상조명등의 수와 축전지 용량을 증가시키지 않는 조건으로 진행하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.69-80
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• 1992

Effects of light on leaf senescence of Phseolus vulgaris were investigated by measuring the disassembly of chlorophyll-protein complexes in detached leaves which had been kept in the dark or under light. The loss of chlorophyll accompanied by degradation of chlorophyll- protein complexes. PSI (photosystem I) complex containing LHCI (light harvesting complex of PSI) apoproteins was rapidly decreased after the early stage of dark-induced senescence. RC(reaction center)-Cores was slightly increased until 4 d and slowly decreased thereafter. As disassembly of LHCII trimer progressed after the late stage of senescence, there was a steady increase in the relative amount of SC(small complex)-2 containing LHCII monomer. On the other hand, white and red light adaptation caused the structural stability of chlorophyll-protein complexes during dark-induced senescence. Particularly, red light was more effective in the retardation of LHCII breakdown than white light, whereas white light was slightly effect in protecting the disassembly of PSI complex compared to red light. These results suggest, therefore, that light may be a regulatory factor for stability of chlorophyll-protein complexes in the senescent leaves.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.133-136
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• 1996

Calcium modulates the activity of guanylate cyclase and plays a key role in dark and light adaptation in the visual system. We have measured the Ca$^{2+}$, K$^+$ and Na$^+$ concentration in dark and light adapted bullfrog's (Rana catesbeiana) vitreous humor by using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The calcium concentration of the light adapted bullfrog's vitreous humor was higher than that of the dark adapted bullfrog's vitreous humor. This means that ion activity between the photoreceptor and vitreous humor side is light dependent and we have found that a Ca$^{2+}$ channel and Na$^+$ - Ca$^{2+}$ exchanger exist in the vitreous humor.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.694-697
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• 2000

Laying hens kept in different light and dark periods of the day at high ambient temperature of maximum $35^{\circ}C$ were challenged to $38.5{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ acute heat 3 hours daily for 7 consecutive days. They were found to have a significant (p<0.01) acclimatization response (rectal temperature) to heat stress during the dark period compared to those exposed to the same temperature during the light period. The blood pH was not significantly different. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide ($PCO_2$) was significantly high (p<0.01) except in day 4. Similarly the blood bicarbonate ($HCO_3$) concentration was significantly high (p<0.05) except day three and day four. Acute heat exposure in the first day increased the body temperature in both groups (Light and Dark) reaching $44^{\circ}C$, followed by gradual reduction in body temperature. The dark treated birds showed rapid reduction in body temperature ($42.88^{\circ}C$) and adaptation to high temperature during days 2-4 but that this was lost to some extent in days 6-8. However this was not obvious in the light treated birds. It is concluded that darkness reduce hyperthermia and enhance acclimatization responses during acute heat stress.