• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제75권5호
• /
• pp.541-557
• /
• 2020

A novel family of controllable, dissipative structure-dependent integration methods is derived from an eigen-based theory, where the concept of the eigenmode can give a solid theoretical basis for the feasibility of this type of integration methods. In fact, the concepts of eigen-decomposition and modal superposition are involved in solving a multiple degree of freedom system. The total solution of a coupled equation of motion consists of each modal solution of the uncoupled equation of motion. Hence, an eigen-dependent integration method is proposed to solve each modal equation of motion and an approximate solution can be yielded via modal superposition with only the first few modes of interest for inertial problems. All the eigen-dependent integration methods combine to form a structure-dependent integration method. Some key assumptions and new techniques are combined to successfully develop this family of integration methods. In addition, this family of integration methods can be either explicitly or implicitly implemented. Except for stability property, both explicit and implicit implementations have almost the same numerical properties. An explicit implementation is more computationally efficient than for an implicit implementation since it can combine unconditional stability and explicit formulation simultaneously. As a result, an explicit implementation is preferred over an implicit implementation. This family of integration methods can have the same numerical properties as those of the WBZ-α method for linear elastic systems. Besides, its stability and accuracy performance for solving nonlinear systems is also almost the same as those of the WBZ-α method. It is evident from numerical experiments that an explicit implementation of this family of integration methods can save many computational efforts when compared to conventional implicit methods, such as the WBZ-α method.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.53-74
• /
• 2016

This paper presents an experimental study on constructing a tunable secondary suspension for high-speed trains using magneto-rheological fluid dampers (referred to as MR dampers hereafter), in the interest of improving lateral ride comfort. Two types of MR dampers (type-A and type-B) with different control ranges are designed and fabricated. The developed dampers are incorporated into a secondary suspension of a full-scale high-speed train carriage for rolling-vibration tests. The integrated rail vehicle runs at a series of speeds from 40 to 380 km/h and with different current inputs to the MR dampers. The dynamic performance of the two suspension systems and the ride comfort rating of the rail vehicle are evaluated using the accelerations measured during the tests. In this way, the effectiveness of the developed MR dampers for attenuating vibration is assessed. The type-A MR dampers function like a stiffness component, rather than an energy dissipative device, during the tests with different running speeds. While, the type-B MR dampers exhibit significant damping and high current input to the dampers may adversely affect the ride comfort. As part of an ongoing investigation on devising an effective MR secondary suspension for lateral vibration suppression, this preliminary study provides an insight into dynamic behavior of high-speed train secondary suspensions and unique full-scale experimental data for optimal design of MR dampers suitable for high-speed rail applications.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제19권6호
• /
• pp.1561-1580
• /
• 2015

No significant improvement has been observed on the seismic performance of the ordinary steel reinforced concrete (SRC) columns compared with the reinforced concrete (RC) columns mainly because I, H or core cross-shaped steel cannot provide sufficient confinement for core concrete. Two improved SRC columns by constructing with new-type section steel were put forward on this background: a cross-shaped steel whose flanges are in contact with concrete cover by extending the geometry of webs, and a rotated cross-shaped steel whose webs coincide with diagonal line of the column's section. The advantages of new-type SRC columns have been proved theoretically and experimentally, while construction measures and seismic behavior remain unclear when the new-type columns are joined onto SRC beams. Seismic behavior of SRC joints with new-type section steel were experimentally investigated by testing 5 specimens subjected to low reversed cyclic loading, mainly including the failure patterns, hysteretic loops, skeleton curves, energy dissipation capacity, strength and stiffness degradation and ductility. Effects of steel shape, load angel and construction measures on seismic behavior of joints were also analyzed. The test results indicate that the new-type joints display shear failure pattern under seismic loading, and steel and concrete of core region could bear larger load and tend to be stable although the specimens are close to failure. The hysteretic curves of new-type joints are plumper whose equivalent viscous damping coefficients and ductility factors are over 0.38 and 3.2 respectively, and this illustrates the energy dissipation capacity and deformation ability of new-type SRC joints are better than that of ordinary ones with shear failure. Bearing capacity and ductility of new-type joints are superior when the diagonal cross-shaped steel is contained and beams are orthogonal to columns, and the two construction measures proposed have little effect on the seismic behavior of joints.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.14-22
• /
• 2001

본 논문에서는 전력계통의 저주파 진동 억제와 안정도 향상을 위해 적응 뉴로-퍼지 전 보상기(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Precompensator, ANFP)를 설계하였다. 여기서 ANFP는 종래의 전력계통 안정화 장치(Power System Stabilizer, PSS)를 보상하도록 설계되며, 이 설계기법은 기존의 PSS 최적 파라미터를 구하는 방식과는 달리 현재 사용중인 PSS 파라미터를 고정시켜놓고, ANFP만을 추가하는 구조적인 장점을 나타낸다. 먼저, 학습 능력을 가지는 퍼지 전 보상기가 구성되며, 이는 발전 유니트의 입출력 데이터로부터 학습된다. ANFP는 학습의 특성을 가지기 때문에 보상기의 퍼지규칙과 소속함수는 학습 알고리즘에 의해 자동으로 동조될 수 있다 학습은 ANFP와 목표 제어기(desired controller)의 출력을 비교하여 평가되는 오차를 최소화하도록 수행된다. 사례 연구 들에서 다양한 동작 조건들 상에서 전력계통의 우수한 제동을 제공할 수 있었으며, 시스템의 동특성을 향상시킬 수 있었다

• Wind and Structures
• /
• 제21권3호
• /
• pp.353-367
• /
• 2015

As concrete wind-turbine towers are increasingly being used in wind-farm construction, there is a growing need to understand the behavior of concrete wind-turbine towers. In particular, experimental evaluations of concrete wind-turbine towers are necessary to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics and load-carrying capacity of such towers. This paper describes a model test of a prestressed concrete wind-turbine tower that examines the dynamic characteristics and load-carrying performance of the tower. Additionally, a numerical model is presented and used to verify the design approach. The test results indicate that the first natural frequency of the prestressed concrete wind turbine tower is 0.395 Hz which lies between frequencies 1P and 3P (0.25-0.51 Hz). The damper ratio is 3.3%. The maximum concrete compression stresses are less than the concrete design compression strength, the maximum tensile stresses are less than zero and the prestressed strand stresses are less than the design strength under both the serviceability and ultimate limit state loads. The maximum displacement of the tower top are 331 mm and 648 mm for the serviceability limit state and ultimate limit state, respectively, which is less than L/100 = 1000 mm. Compared with traditional tall wind-turbine steel towers, the prestressed concrete tower has better material damping properties, potential lower maintenance cost, and lower construction costs. Thus, the prestressed concrete wind-turbine tower could be an innovative engineering solution for multi-megawatt wind turbine towers, in particular those that are taller than 100 m.

• 한국음향학회지
• /
• 제30권2호
• /
• pp.107-113
• /
• 2011

본 논문에서는 발현악기 물리적 모델링에서의 개선된 루프필터 설계 방법을 제안한다. V$\"{a}$lim$\"{a}$ki가 제안한 기존의 루프필터 설계 방법은 악기의 음이 오래 지속되는 경우에는 타당하지만, 그렇지 못한 경우에는 악기 음의 주파수 의존 감쇠를 표현하지 못하는 문제점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해 녹음된 악기의 단위음에 대해 감쇠구간을 선택, 배음의 개수를 최소 5개부터 20개까지 변경하며 루프필터의 파라미터를 추정하고 이를 이용한 합성음과 원 신호 간 주파수 영역에서의 신호 대 잡음비가 가장 좋은 파라미터를 선택한다. 제안한 방법의 성능 검증을 위해 몸통의 구조와 현의 재질이 각각 다른 기타, 가야금, 거문고를 대상악기로 선정하였다. 제안한 방법은 배음의 지속시간에 상관없이 악기 음의 주파수 의존 감쇠를 잘 표현하는 루프필터 파라미터를 추정해 낼 수 있었다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.859-887
• /
• 2015

Structural health monitoring (SHM) has gained in popularity in recent years since it can assess the performance and condition of instrumented structures in real time and provide valuable information to the asset's manager and owner. Operational modal analysis plays an important role in SHM and it involves the determination of natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes of a constructed structure based on measured dynamic data. This paper presents the operational modal analysis and seismic response characterization of the Tsing Ma Suspension Bridge of 2,160 m long subjected to different earthquake events. Three kinds of events, i.e., short-distance, middle-distance and long-distance earthquakes are taken into account. A fast Bayesian modal identification method is used to carry out the operational modal analysis. The modal properties of the bridge are identified and compared by use of the field monitoring data acquired before and after the earthquake for each type of the events. Research emphasis is given on identifying the predominant modes of the seismic responses in the deck during short-distance, middle-distance and long-distance earthquakes, respectively, and characterizing the response pattern of various structural portions (deck, towers, main cables, etc.) under different types of earthquakes. Since the bridge is over 2,000 m long, the seismic wave would arrive at the tower/anchorage basements of the two side spans at different time instants. The behaviors of structural dynamic responses on the Tsing Yi side span and on the Ma Wan side span under each type of the earthquake events are compared. The results obtained from this study would be beneficial to the seismic design of future long-span bridges to be built around Hong Kong (e.g., the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge).

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제28권12호
• /
• pp.502-508
• /
• 2016

An optimized PI controller design method is presented to promote the control performance of an oil cooler system for high precision machine tools. First, a transfer function model of the oil cooler system with a variable rotating speed compressor was obtained by the perturbation method as the first order system with a negligible dead time. Then, the closed-loop control system was described as the second order system with a zero. Its dynamic behaviors are mostly governed by characteristic parameters, the damping ratio, and the natural frequency which is incorporated in PI gains. Next, an optimum integral of the time-weighted absolute error (ITAE) criterion was applied to the second order system. The characteristic parameters can be determined by the given design specifications, percent overshoots and settling times and comparisons with the ITAE criterion. Hence, the PI gains were plainly identified in a deterministic way. Finally, the PI gains were fine-tuned to obtain desirable dynamics in real systems, considering the zero effect and parameter variations. The validity of the proposed method was proven by computer simulations and real experiments for selected cases.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.562-577
• /
• 2014

A reliable steady/transient hydro-elastic analysis is developed for flexible (composite) marine propeller blade design which deforms according to its environmental load (ship speed, revolution speed, wake distribution, etc.) Hydro-elastic analysis based on CFD and FEM has been widely used in the engineering field because of its accurate results however it takes large computation time to apply early propeller design stage. Therefore the analysis based on a boundary element method-Finite Element Method (BEM-FEM) Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) is introduced for computational efficiency and accuracy. The steady FSI analysis, and its application to reverse engineering, is designed for use regarding optimum geometry and ply stack design. A time domain two-way coupled transient FSI analysis is developed by considering the hydrodynamic damping ffects of added mass due to fluid around the propeller blade. The analysis makes possible to evaluate blade strength and also enable to do risk assessment by estimating the change in performance and the deformation depending on blade position in the ship's wake. To validate this hydro-elastic analysis methodology, published model test results of P5479 and P5475 are applied to verify the steady and the transient FSI analysis, respectively. As the results, the proposed steady and unsteady analysis methodology gives sufficient accuracy to apply flexible marine propeller design.

• 콘크리트학회지
• /
• 제20권6호
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2008

700미터 이상의 높이와 160층 이상으로 설계된 버즈두바이가 완공되면 버즈두바이는 인간이 건축한 건축물 중에서 최고높이의 건축물이 될 것이다. 바람의 동적효과를 완화하고 제어시키는 것이 가장 중요한 설계요소중의 하나이며, 설계초기의 공기역학적 형상과 풍공학에 대한 고려가 이러한 주상복합건물의 건축적 형상 및 디자인에 있어 큰 역할을 하는 반면, 건물의 구조시스템을 위한 재료 선택 또한 디자인의 중요한 요소이고 그 다음으로 세부적인 재료기술에 대한 평가 및 기술자 수급이 요구되어진다. 콘크리트는 콘크리트의 강도, 강성, 감쇠, 잉여력, 형틀성, 내화성, 시공성, 원가 등을 고려하여 선정된다. 이 논문은 콘크리트를 활용한 구조시스템을 적용하면서의 설계적으로 도전되었던 부분과 버즈두바이의 콘크리트공사의 초기계획에 대해 집중적으로 다룰 것이다.