• 한국습지학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2003

The flood damage reduction studies have been performed by the channel improvement plan and the levee has mainly constructed with the freeboard concept. However, the freeboard concept might be an inappropriate choice as a safety factor of the levee because many uncertainties are involved in the procedure of the channel improvement plan studies. So, we considered the uncertainties In the discharge-probability, stage-discharge, and stage-damage functions and estimate the expected annual damage. The Monte Carlo technique for uncertainty analysis is used. As our results, the expected annual damage with uncertainty shows the larger value than without uncertainty. Since the expected annual damage with uncertainty already considers the safety factor it is the proper result. However, the expected annual damage without uncertainty does not consider the safety factor yet. Thus, if the expected annual damage without uncertainty considers the freeboard concept, it could be compared with the expected annual damage with uncertainty for the evaluation of the overestimation or underestimation of the levee construction.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

This paper deals with the study of buckling, vibration, and parametric instability characteristics in a damaged cross-ply and angle-ply laminated plate like beam under in-plane harmonic loading, using the finite element approach. Damage is modelled using an anisotropic damage formulation, based on the concept of reduction in stiffness. The effect of damage on free vibration and buckling characteristics of a thin plate like beam has been studied. It has been observed that damage shows a strong orthogonality and in general deteriorates the static and dynamic characteristics. For the harmonic type of loading, analysis was carried out on a thin plate like beam by solving the governing differential equation which is of Mathieu-Hill type, using the method of multiple scales (MMS). The effects of damage and its location on dynamic stability characteristics have been presented. The results indicate that, compared to the undamaged plate like beam, heavily damaged beams show steeper deviations in simple and combination resonance characteristics.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.145-154
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• 2002

CMP (Chemical mechanical polishing) process was used to control the fine grinding process induced mechanical damage of Cz Silicon wafer. Characterization of mechanical damage was carried out using Nomarski microscope, magic mirror and also using angle lapping and lifetime scanner evaluation after heat treatment. Magic mirror and lifetime scanner were very useful for the residual damage pattern characterization and CMP process was effective on the reduction of fine grinding induced mechanical damage.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.14-17
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• 2002

The HDP (High Density Plasma) CVD process consists of a simultaneous sputter etch and chemical vapor deposition. As CMOS process continues to scale down to sub- quarter micron technology, HDP process has been widely used fur the gap-fill of small geometry metal spacing in inter-metal dielectric process. However, HBP CVD system has some potential problems including plasma-induced damage. Plasma-induced gate oxide damage has been an increasingly important issue for integrated circuit process technology. In this paper, thin gate oxide charge damage caused by HDP deposition of inter-metal dielectric was studied. Multiple step HDP deposition process was demonstrated in this work to prevent plasma-induced damage by introducing an in-situ top SiH$_4$ unbiased liner deposition before conventional deposition.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2023

Offshore wind power development has been promoted in countries around the world to cope with global warming. Despite its many advantages, offshore wind power affects the marine environment during construction and operation. As a result, the reduction of fishing areas, changes in the habitat of marine animals, damage to fishing gear, and impeding the safety of fishing activities are occurring. If the offshore wind power generation project is carried out, a fishing damage investigation is nescssary. There are only four fishing damage investigations related to offshore wind power, which are being conducted similarly to the existing fishing damage investigation related to offshore construction. Therefore, this study reviewed and analyzed the report on fisheries damage investigation related to offshore wind power conducted in Korea and suggested problems and improvement measures accordingly.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.225-238
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 토목섬유 보강재의 시공중 손상 정도를 규명하기 위하여 국내에서 많이 사용되고 있는 주요 토목섬유 보강재 제품(7개 사의 15 종류)을 대상으로 다양한 입도의 성토재료를 적용한 현장내시공성시험을 수행하였다. 현장내시공성시험은 FHWA(2009) 지침을 참조하여 수행하였으며, 다짐시공 후 추출된 토목섬유 보강재 시료에서 인장강도 시편(크기 $0.2m{\times}1.4m$)을 최대 20개 이상 균등하게 샘플링하여 인장강도시험을 수행함으로써 시공에 따른 인장강도 감소 정도를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 성토재료의 다짐시공으로 인한 토목섬유 보강재의 인장강도 감소 정도는 토목섬유 보강재의 종류와 성토재료의 최대입경에 크게 영향을 받으며, 비교적 강성이 작은 PET 결합형 지오그리드(PVC 코팅)의 인장강도 감소율이 가장 크게 나타났고, 전반적으로 성토재료의 최대입경이 클수록 인장강도 감소율은 더욱 크게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 이 시험결과와 함께 기 수행된 현장내시공성시험 결과들을 분석하여 토목섬유 보강재의 시공성 감소계수를 보다 합리적으로 평가할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.23-49
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• 2007

Wavelet transforms are the emerging signal-processing tools for damage identification and time-frequency localization. A small perturbation in a static or dynamic displacement profile could be captured using multi-resolution technique of wavelet analysis. The paper presents the wavelet analysis of damaged linear structural elements using DB4 or BIOR6.8 family of wavelets. Starting with a localized reduction of EI at the mid-span of a simply supported beam, damage modeling is done for a typical steel and reinforced concrete beam element. Rotation and curvature mode shapes are found to be the improved indicators of damage and when these are coupled with wavelet analysis, a clear picture of damage singularity emerges. In the steel beam, the damage is modeled as a rotational spring and for an RC section, moment curvature relationship is used to compute the effective EI. Wavelet analysis is performed for these damage models for displacement, rotation and curvature mode shapes as well as static deformation profiles. It is shown that all the damage indicators like displacement, slope and curvature are magnified under higher modes. A localization scheme with arbitrary location of curvature nodes within a pseudo span is developed for steady state dynamic loads, such that curvature response and damages are maximized and the scheme is numerically tested and proved.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-34
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• 2003

This paper presents a damage assessment procedure applied to periodic spring mass systems using an eigenvalue sensitivity-based method. The damage is directly related to the stiffness reduction of the damage element. The natural frequencies of periodic structures with one single disorder are found by adopting the transfer matrix approach, consequently, the first order approximation of the natural frequencies with respect to the disordered stiffness in different elements is used to form the sensitivity matrix. The analysis shows that the sensitivity of natural frequencies to damage in different locations depends only on the mode number and the location of damage. The stiffness changes due to damage can be identified by solving a set of underdetermined equations based on the sensitivity matrix. The issues associated with many possible damage locations in large structural systems are addressed, and a means of improving the computational efficiency of damage detection while maintaining the accuracy for large periodic structures with limited available measured natural frequencies, is also introduced in this paper. The incomplete measurements and the effect of random error in terms of measurement noise in the natural frequencies are considered. Numerical results of a periodic spring-mass system of 20 degrees of freedom illustrate that the proposed method is simple and robust in locating single or multiple damages in a large periodic structure with a high computational efficiency.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.345-368
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• 2020

The present work proposes a self-controlled multi-stage optimization method for damage identification of structures utilizing standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Damage identification problem is formulated as an inverse optimization problem where damage severity in each element of the structure is considered as optimization variables. An efficient objective function is formed using the first few frequencies and mode shapes of the structure. This objective function is minimized by a self-controlled multi-stage strategy to identify and quantify the damage extent of the structural members. In the first stage, standard PSO is utilized to get an initial solution to the problem. Subsequently, the algorithm identifies the most damage-prone elements of the structure using an adaptable threshold value of damage severity. These identified elements are included in the search space of the standard PSO at the next stage. Thus, the algorithm reduces the dimension of the search space and subsequently increases the accuracy of damage prediction with a considerable reduction in computational cost. The efficiency of the proposed method is investigated and compared with available results through three numerical examples considering both with and without noise. The obtained results demonstrate the accuracy of the present method can accurately estimate the location and severity of multi-damage cases in the structural systems with less computational cost.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.75-84
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 띠형 섬유보강재의 인장특성, 크리프 변형, 내시공성 및 내구성을 평가하기 위한 일련의 장기성능 평가시험을 수행하였다. 또한 시험결과를 바탕으로 장기설계인장강도 산정을 위한 강도감소계수를 평가하였다. 먼저, 크리프 변형 특성을 평가하기 위해 단계 등온법과 시간-온도 중첩법을 이용하였으며, 크리프 감소계수는 1.6을 적용하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 평가되었다. 다음으로 입도 조정된 화강풍화토를 성토재로 사용하여 수행한 내시공성 시험 결과, 보강재의 강도특성에 영향을 미치는 원사의 손상이 거의 없는 것으로 확인되어, 장기설계인장강도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않을 것으로 분석되었다. 마지막으로 내구성 평가 결과, 내화학성, 내미생물 및 내후성을 고려한 강도감소계수는 1.1을 적용하는 것이 합리적인 것으로 평가되었다.