• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2005

유류로 오염된 토양의 생물학적 복원에서 휘발성 유기화합물(VOCs)을 제거하기 위한 biofilter의 적용 가능성에 대하여 알아보았다 대표 오염물질로 diesel을 선정한 후 총 86일 동안 ceramic과 polymer,이 두 종류의 담체를 사용하여 SV(공간속도)와 유량, 입구농도 등을 조사하여 최적의 운전조건을 찾고자하였다. 운전초기 30일간 SV를 $153\;h^{-1}$ 고정하여 입구농도를 증가시키며 ceramic 및 polymer biofilter의 제거효율 변화에 대하여 알아보았다. Ceramic 및 polymer 담체에서는 총 VOCs의 입구농도가 10 ppmv 이하일 때 각각 평균 $67\%$ 및 $15\%$의 제거효율을 보였으나, 입구농도를 30 ppmv까지 증가시켰을 때 ceramic 담체는 제거 효율이 $60\%$까지 저하되었고, polymer 담체의 경우 $80\%$의 제거효율을 보였다. 또한, Diesel VOCs의 입구농도와 공간 속도의 증가에 따른 총 VOCs의 제거효율에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 공간속도가 $153\;h^{-1}$에서 $204\;h^{-1}$와 $306\;h^{-1}$로 증가함에 따라 총 VOCs의 제거 효율은 점차적으로 감소하여 polymer 담체의 경우 평균 제거효율이 $82\%$에서 $80\%,\;77\%$로 약 $5\%$ 감소함을 관찰하였다. Polymer 담체에서는 공간속도의 증가에도 불구하고 benzene과 toluene모두 약 $81\~86\%$의 영역에서 일정한 제거효율을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, ceramic 담체에서 benzene의 경우 공간속도 $153\;h^{-1}$에서 평균 $87\%$의 제거효율을 보였고, 공간속도가 $204\;h^{-1}$에서 $306\;h^{-1}$로 증가함에 따라 $79\%$에서 $74\%$로 약 $5\%$가 감소하였다. Toluene의 제거효율은 공간속도의 증가에 따라 $80\%$에서 $76\%$로 $4\%$ 감소하였다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.227-235
• /
• 2016

최근 해양에서 이루어지고 있는 해역이용 개발 현황 분석을 통해 입지의 적정성과 환경영향 측면에서 상충될 수 있는 대표적인 개발사례를 진단하여 해양공간계획수립의 필요성에 대한 시사점을 제공하였다. 해양 신재생에너지개발(조력 및 해상풍력), 바다골재채취, 공유수면매립, 연안골프장 조성, 온배수 및 고염수 배출, 침식영향 개발사업 등의 주요 사례 분석결과, 해당 공간이용 및 관리방향 간의 상충성이 빈발하고, 누적환경영향에 따른 해양환경과 생태계 훼손, 어장이용과 이행당사자사이의 갈등이 지속적으로 나타나고 있는 상황이다. 이러한 이유는 개발 입지 및 주변 공간영역에 대한 충분한 현황 파악이 부족하고, 공간이용과 관련된 개별법의 상호성 및 연계성 평가가 미흡한 것과 관련되어 있다. 사전예방적인 해양환경관리 정책을 강화하기 위해서는 입지 적정성과 개발규모에 대한 평가 검토를 강화해야 할 것이다. 특히, 전략환경영향평가 등 상위계획 심의단계에서 입지와 규모의 적정성에 대한 평가 시, 해양공간이용 현황, 상위계획과 지역계획간의 연계성(특히, 연안관리지역계획과 통합계획), 해양수산규제지역과 보호대상 해양생물 분포 등 핵심 평가사항을 제시하도록 하여 보다 철저한 진단이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 지속가능한 보전과 개발의 조화를 위해서는 TOP-DOWN 방식의 해양공간계획 전략(연안과 EEZ, 광역과 협역 해역 등 전체적 Zoning과 Sector 연계성을 강화, 3차원 정보 포함 등)을 마련해야 하고, 이 과정에서 체계적이고 최신의 해양공간정보 속성자료 파악 및 공유를 위한 통합 정보시스템 구축이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 해양수산과 관련된 전 부문, 즉, 항만 어항, 수산, 연안관리, 해양환경과 생태계 분야에서 해양공간이용의 상호적이고 일관성있는 전략이 필요할 것이다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.597-615
• /
• 1994

This study is designed to facilitate the creation of home environment conducive to the family taking care of chronic bed-ridden patients with more effective method. The need for this study has emerged against the background of marked changes in the structure of ailments and causes of death, resulting in the number and plights of chronic bed-ridden patients as well as of a rapid increase in demand for medical care and resulting premature discharge. Keeping these in mind, this study focused on home-wards where the majority of chronic bed-ridden patients are being cared for. Despite. their overriding importance, home-words are less than efficient in caring (or chronic bed-ridden patients. These circumstances require the designing of home-wards that can offer greater comfort to patients and at the same time make things easier for caregivers, on the basis of an overall analysis of patients' life and home - ward situation. According1y this study adopted a Participant Observation Method derived cultural anthropology, Toward this end, 3 patients were chosen as subjects of this study for intensive interviewing and participant observation. In the process of this field re-search efforts were made to collect emprical data, that is, to faithfully record the words of the subjects and their caregivers for analysis and interpretation. The findings of these analyses are as follows. Firstly, the chronic bed-ridden patients are mostly being taken care by close family members. Secondly, a room for the exclusive use of the patient, floor, kitchen, bathroom and multipurpose space were found to be necessary for proper caring of the patient. These spaces were respectively used with a view to 1) accomodating the patient as well as caregivers' activities, 2) keeping general and medical supplies and other appliances for patient's care and drying the patient's washing, 3) preparing and keeping the patient's foods and beverages, 4) keeping the supplies necessary for cleaning the patient's body and treating the patient's eliminations, 5) washing the patient's clothes, underwears and bedclothes. The patient's room in turn is subdivided into six portions in terms of uses : specifically the places for accomodating 1) the patient, 2) medical supplies, 3) medicines, 4) linens St clothes, 5) bedclothes and, 6) diapers. Thirdly, the activities of the caregiver are subdivided into seven key areas : hygiene, exercise, diet, elimination, therapeutic nursing, prevention of sore, and other activities. Each area is further classified into several different activities of caring. These activities we mainly carried out in the patient's room. Fourthly, the supplies for caring the chronic bed-ridden patient is divided into two large domains : medical and general supplies. Finally, three main problems areas were found in this study on the part of caregivers, that is, sore prevention, hygiene problem related frequent urination / defecation, the caregiver's physical, psych ological and emotional burden. In consideration of the aforesaid problem areas, a model home-ward was developed in this study. The newly-developed model has been found to have the following six advantages. Firstly, the time and effort required for maintaining the patient's hygiene are reduced, thus relievins the caregiver's physical and psychological bur-den. Secondly, the patient's hygiene can be maintained in satisfactory conditions, because the patient's eliminations are more easily removed. Thirdly, skin irritations caused by the patient's eliminations were remarkably reduced and so were the patient's sores due to moisture and bacteria. Fourthly, the home-ward have a tilt-table ef-fect thanks to the inclining room floor. This improves the patient's cardiovascular function as well as constantly changes pressed skin areas and thus prevents sores. Fifthly, improved shelf arrangements help make the best use of patient's supplies. Sixthly, the trouble of continuously changing clothes, underwears, diapers & bedclothes is remarkably reduced simply by covering the patient with cotton sheets when laid in bed. This is espected to cut down expenses by reducing the comsumptions of diapers and other disposable supplies.

• 자원환경지질
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.337-350
• /
• 1995

경상분지 백악기 화산암류내 배태된 함동열수맥상광체들로 구성된 화천리지역 동광상(대원, 구룡, 청룡, 화천)들은 구조운동에 수반되어 3회(I, II, III)에 걸쳐 광화작용이 진행되었다. 주 광화시기인 광화 I기는 광물들의 산출조직과 공생관계 등에 의하여 3개의 substage (Ia, Ib, Ic)로 구분되며, 황철석, 유비철석, 자류철석, 자철석, 황동색, 에렉트럼, 섬아연석, 방연석, 적철석 등의 광석광물들이 주로 산출된다. 이들 광물조성은 지역내 각 광상에서 유사하지만, 몰리브덴의 산출이 관찰되는 화천광상의 경우 광화I기 초기(Ia)의 광화작용이, 구룡과 청룡광산에서는 적철석의 산출로 특징지어지는 광화I기 후기(Ic)의 광화작용이 각각 우세하게 진행되었다. 이러한 결과는 관계화성암과 관련된 지역내 각 광상의 공간적 분포상태에 따른 열수유체의 진화정도에 의해 지배되었을 것으로 사료된다. 유체포유물 연구결과, 광석광물의 주된 침전은 9~1 wt.% 상당염농도를 갖는 광화유체로부터 $350^{\circ}$에서 $200^{\circ}C$에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 광화유체내 산소, 수소, 안정동위원소 연구결과, 화천리지역 열수계의 광화유체내 산소 안정동위원소비값이 광화작용의 진행에 따라 2.7‰로 부터 후기 -9.9‰로 감소함은 수소 안정동위원소비값의 감소 (-62‰${\rightarrow}$-80‰)와 함께, 상대적으로 낮은 water/rock 비값을 갖는 환경하에서 동위원소 교환반응을 이뤄 평형상태에 이른 초기 열수계내에 차갑고 동위원소적 교환반응이 거의 이뤄지지 않은 천수의 혼입이 점증하였음을 보여준다. 이러한 광화유체의 진화양상과 광상내 산출하는 광물공생관계 및 화학조성에 의한 열역학적 고찰결과는, 광화유체내 Cu는 주로 chloride complex상으로 이동되었으며, 이의 침전은 주로 천수유입에 의한 $fo_2$의 변화와 온도감소에 의하여 지배되었음을 알 수 있다.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 1997

$ZnIn_2Se_4$ 및 $ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co 단결정을 합성된 ingot를 사용하여 수직 Bridgman 방법으 로 성장시키고, 성장된 단결정의 결정구조와 광학적 특성을 연구하였다. 성장된 단결정은 공 간군이 142m인 사방정계구조를 가지고 있다. 기초 흡수단 영역에서의 광흡수 spectra측정으 로부터 이 단결정들은 간접전이형 에너지띠 구조를 갖고 있으며, 이 화합물 반도체의 직접 전이형 및 간접전이형 에너지 간격은 10K에서 300K로 측정 온도를 변화시킬 때 감소하였 다. 직접전이 energy gap의 온도계수는 $ZnIn_2Se_4$ 단결정의 경우는 $\alpha=3.57\times10^{-4}$eV/K, $\beta$ =519K이고, $ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co 단결정의 경우는 $\alpha=2.79\times10^{-4}$eV/K 및 $\beta$=421K로 각각 주어졌다. 또한 간접전이 energy gap의 온도계수는 ZnIn2Se4 단결정의 경우는 $\alpha=2.31\times10^{-4}$eV/K 및 $\beta$=285K이며, $ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co 단결정의 경우는 $\alpha=3.71\times10^{-4}$eV:K와 $\beta$=609K이였다. $ZnIn_2Se_4$:Co 단결정에서 cobalt 불순물에 기인한 6개의 불순물 광흡수 peak가 나타났다. 이 들 불순물 광흡수 peak들은 불순물로 첨가된 cobalt가 모체별정의 $T_d$ symmetry site에 $CO^{2+}$ion으로 위치하고, $CO^{2+}$ion의 분리된 전자에너지 준위들 사이의 전자전이에 의해 나타난 peak들로 해석된다.

• 미술이론과 현장
• /
• 제7호
• /
• pp.37-64
• /
• 2009

The theories of Korean Public Art originated by the artists who were against dictatorship and they associated with democratic politicians. They criticized the Fine art that were supported by the dictatorship and gave their efforts for restoration of 'resistance paintings(against dictatorship)', 'proletarian painting', 'realism painting'. In addition, they participated new social ideology(democracy) movement and demonstrated for their rights in arts. These became the main kernel the public art theory was initiated. The public artists splitted into several different parts and participated in the democratic social movement as well as the art movement for freedom. They opened various art exhibitions within different genre, diverse space for various art section such as an exhibition hall, a factories, a university, or a congregation square. Furthermore, the public art theorists published their divergent views through newspaper/broadcasting or unauthorized printed materials. Most of the public artist and the theorists kept their relationship strongly until 1985, the time when 'National Arts Association' started. In 1983 and 1984, they were clearly separated into two parts; artists(move only in art museums) and activists(move in public spaces like school, convention square etc). Their ideological separation also took out national problems. The division; professional artists and armatures, became the social issue as a social stratification matter. And in creating method, there are also other conflicts; critical realism, and public realism as well as western painting and traditional one. These kinds of separation and conflicts made different Public artists associations, under divergent names; 'Reality and Speak'(R&S), 'KwangJu Art Association', 'Durung', 'Dang(Land)', and 'Local Youth Students Association'. In addition, their ideology and pursuit toward art movements were very difference. However, the differences and conflicts weakened When the oppression of democratic education from new dictatorship(Pres. Jun, Doo Hwan) came out. In August. 1985 the government opened to the public so called, 'The draft of School stabilization law'(Hankwon Anjung Bup) to control the teachers' rights and that initiated bigger street demonstration and conflicts between police and educators. In November.1985, assembly meeting of National Arts Association in democracy opened as 'ONE' combined organization. In this presentation, I'd like to summarize the stream of art movement until 1984, and clarify the main art theories that lead the Public Art Movements in 1980s. The main theories in 1980s are crucial because they become the origin of public art theories. This presentation started with O,youn's "Hyunsil Dong In the first declaration" and explained the absent of practice in 1970s. In addition, Won, Dong Suk 's theory was mentioned as all over struggles in theories before 1980s. GA and R&S 's founding declarations in 1970s were the start of public art theorists' activities and this article reported the activities after the declarations. First, realism base on the consciousness of reality. Second, practice art democratization based on the ideology. Third, the subject of public art movement based on understanding people's social stratification structure. Fourth, the matters of national forms and creative ways in arts based on showing reality. Fifth, the strong points in arts that the practitioners accepted. About the public art theories around 1984, I discussed the dividing point of public art theories that were shown in 'generation theory', 'organization theory', and 'popularization theory' by the practitioners. The public realism theory that subjects the contradiction of reality and point out the limits of critical realism not only showing the new creative ways but also giving the feeling of solidarity to the public art activist groups. After that, public art movements expressed 'Dismentlement of Capitalism' and 'Public revolution'. In addition, the direction of public art movements were established strongly. There were various opinions and views during the start and formation of the public art theories. The foundation of theorists activities derived from the practitioners who had the concept based on stratification and nationalism. The strong trend of group division spreaded out by practitioners who opened art work together in factories, universities, squares and rural areas. Now many lively active practitioners are gone to the other field not related with arts, and others join into professional art field not public art one with unknown reason. The theorists have the same situation with the practitioners. It means to me that theory always have to be based on the practice.

• 대한핵의학회지
• /
• 제35권6호
• /
• pp.371-377
• /
• 2001

목적: 요통을 호소하는 암환자에서 골스캔을 시행하여 척추골의 섭취증가를 보이는 경우, 골전이와 양성 골질환의 구분이 모호한 경우가 많다. 이에 척추골 SPECT를 추가로 시행하는 것이 악성과 양성 골질환을 감별하는데 도움이 되는지 알아보고자 섭취양상을 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 3년간 척추골 SPECT를 시행한 108명의 환자중 SPECT에서 이상 섭취 병변을 보이고 임상적으로 추적이 가능하였던 45명의 환자의 67개의 병변의 척추골 SPECT소견을 다음과 같이 구분하고 임상소견 및 방사선학적 소견과 비교하였다. 1. 척추체: A. 전반적인 섭취증가, B. 추간판에 연한 선상의 섭취증가, C. 냉소의 동반, D. 분절상 섭취증가, 2. 척추후면체 A. 척추체 후면(lamina, pedicle 등), B. 추간판후면(후관절 등), C 극돌기 결과: 골전이 병변(18)은 척추체의 냉소동반(6), 분절상 섭취증가(5)가 특징적이었으며, 퇴행성변화(28)는 추체연의 선상 섭취증가(12), 추간판후면의 후면체 섭취증가(15), 압박골절(21)은 전반적인 척추체 섭취증가(9) 및 추체연의 섭취증가(9), 냉소동반(1), 분절상 섭취증가(1)와 극돌기의 섭취증가(3)을 보였다. 결론: 척추골 SPECT의 섭취증가 양상은 냉소동반, 분절상 섭취증가를 보이는 경우에 골전이 병변의 가능성이 크지만 압박골절에서도 같은 소견을 보일 수 있으므로 주의하여야 할 것이며, 퇴행성 질환은 특징적인 소견을 보이므로 감별이 가능하였다. 그러므로 골스캔 후 척추골 섭취 이상이 있는 암환자에서 추가 SPECT검사가 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.205-217
• /
• 1996

본 연구에서는 대구시 도시공원의 소요량과 현황을 시기별, 지역별, 규모별로 고찰하여 도시공원의 속성을 구명하고자 한다. 그리고 도시공원 개발에 있어서의 문제점과 앞으로의 개선방안을 모색하고자 한다. 현재의 공원율은 대구시(大邱市) 외곽의 큰 산(山)이 있는 동구(東區), 수성구(壽城區), 남구(南區)에서 높게 나타나고 있다. 이것은 대구의 근교 큰 산들이 자연공원(自然公園), 도시자연공원(都市自然公園)으로 지정되어 있기 때문이다. 결국, 근교의 산(山)이 없고 시계(市界)와 접하지 않은 중구(中區), 서구(西區)에서는 면적이 작은 근린공원과 어린이공원으로 구성되어 있다. 그러나 대구시의 공원, 유원지가 지역적으로 편중되어 있으나 공원간의 연관 관례를 정립하면 녹지계통의 연결이 가능하다. 도심 공원의 조성에 있어서 대구시(大邱市)에는 많은 이전적지(移轉跡地)가 민간부문에 의하여 토지의 소유권과 개발권이 전용되고 있다. 이전적지에 대해 당국에서는 도시 전체적 측면의 종합적 계획 및 검토, 이전적지에 대한 이용에 관해서 시민 의사를 적극적으로 반영하여 도시공간(都市空間)을 효율적으로 개발해야 할 것이다. 도시공원(都市公園)은 도시속의 녹지지점(綠地據點)으로서 도시가 팽창하고 인구가 증가하여 도시환경(都市環境)이 과밀화 될수록 그 중요성은 더욱 증대될 것이다. 따라서 도시공원의 조성(造成)은 형태와 규모에 관계없이 도시생활(都市生活)의 질(質)을 향상 시킬 수 있는 방향으로 나아가야 할 것이다. 도시공원은 주민사회(住民社會)에 있어서 반드시 있어야 할 개방된 공간으로 고려되어야 한다. 현대도시의 개발(開發)과 관리(管理)에 있어서도 도시민(都市民)을 위한 도시민에 의한 도시민의 공간이라는 철저한 인식하에서 이루어져야 한다. 공설과 공공(公共)공간은 누구나 이용할 수 있는 도시의 마당과 같은 것이며, 따라서 공원(公園)은 구미에서 도입된 계획이론과 이념의 차원보다도 우리의 공권(公園)답게 꾸며지고 이용 되어야 한다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.1285-1292
• /
• 2009

Large single crystals of zeolite, |$Na_{75}$|[$Si_{117}Al_{75}O_{384}$]-FAU (Na-Y, Si/Al = 1.56), were synthesized from gels with composition of 3.58Si$O_2$ : 2.08NaAl$O_2$ : 7.59NaOH : 455$H_2$O : 5.06TEA : 2.23TCl. One of these, a colorless single-crystal was ion exchanged by allowing aqueous 0.02 M CsOH to flow past the crystal at 293 K for 3 days, followed by dehydration at 673 K and 1 ${\times}\;10^{-6}$ Torr for 2 days. The crystal structure of fully dehydrated partially $Cs^+$-exchanged zeolite Y, |$Cs_{45}Na_{30}$|[$Si_{117}Al_{75}O_{384}$]-FAU per unit cell (a = 24.9080(10) $\AA$) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique in the cubic space group Fd $\overline{3}$ m at 294(1) K. The structure was refined using all intensities to the final error indices (using only the 877 reflections with $F_o\;>\;4{\sigma}(F_o))\;R_1$ = 0.0966 (Based on F) and $R_2\;=\;0.2641\;(Based\;on\;F^2$). About forty-five $Cs^+$ ions per unit cell are found at six different crystallographic sites. The 2 $Cs^+$ ions occupied at site I, at the centers of double 6-ring (D6Rs, Cs-O = 2.774(10) $\AA$ and O-Cs-O = 88.9(3) and 91.1(3)$^o$). Two $Cs^+$ ions are found at site I’ in the sodalite cavity; the $Cs^+$ ions were recessed 2.05 $\AA$ into the sodalite cavity from their 3-oxygen plane (Cs-O = 3.05(3) $\AA$ and O-Cs-O = 77.4(13)$^o$). Site-II’ positions (opposite single 6-rings in the sodalite cage) are occupied by 7 $Cs^+$ ions, each of which extends 2.04 $\AA$ into the sodalite cage from its 3-oxygen plane (Cs-O = 3.067(11) $\AA$ and O-Cs-O = 80.1(3)$^o$). The 26 $Cs^+$ ions are nearly three-quarters filled at site II in the supercage, being recessed 2.34 $\AA$ into the supercage (Cs-O = 3.273(8) $\AA$ and O-Cs-O = 74.3(3)$^o$). The 4 $Cs^+$ ions are found at site III deep in the supercage (Cs-O = 3.321(19) and 3.08(3) $\AA$), and 4 $Cs^+$ ions at another site III’ (Cs-O = 2.87(4) and 3.38(4) $\AA$). About 30 $Na^+$ ions per unit cell are found at one crystallographic site; The $Na^+$ ions are located at site I’ in the sodalite cavity opposite double 6-rings (Na-O = 2.578(11) $\AA$ and O-Na-O = 97.8(4)$^o$).

• 건축역사연구
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.83-99
• /
• 1994

Ch'ang-Ts'al-Ts'un is a rural Village near Lung-jing City in Yen-pien Korean Autonomous Province of China. It was formed about 100 years ago by Korean Immigrants and has been developed maintaing the characteristics of traditional Korean architecture. Therefore investigating the spatial structure of this village is a meanigful work to confirm and explore one branch of Korean architecture. This study aims at analyzing the spatial structure of the village using direct data collected from the field work and indirect data from books and maps. The field work consists of on-the-site survey of the village layout, interviews of residents, observation notes and photography. Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un is located 360-370 m high above the sea level and at the side of a long valley. A river flows in the middle of the valley and relatively flat arable land exists at the both sides of the river. The location of the village related to the surrounding river and mountains suggests that the site of the village was chosen according to Feng-Shui, Chinese and Korean traditional architectural theory. The main direction of the house layouts is South-western. The village has been growing gradually until today. Therefore it is meaningful to make the village layout before Liberation(1946 A.D.) because the characteristics of Korean architecture prevailed more in that period. The area of the previous village is limited to the west side of the creek. New houses were later added to the east of the creek, forming a 'New Village'. Previously the village was composed of 3 small villages: Up, Middle and Down. Also the main access roads connecting the village with the neighboring villages were penetrating the village transversely. Presently the main access road comes to the village longitudinally from the main highway located in front of the village. The retrospective layout shows the existence of well-formed Territory, Places and Axes, thus suggesting a coherent Micro-cosmos. The boundary of imaginery territory perceived by present residents could be defined by linking conspicous outside places sorrounding the village such as Five-mountains, Front-mountain, Shin-dong village, Standing-rock, Rear-mountain and Myong-dong village. Inside the territory there are also the important places such as Bus-stop, Memorial tower of patriots, Road-maitenance building and the village itself. And inside it 5 transverse and 1 longitudinal axes exist in the form of river, roads and mountains. The perceived spatial structure of the village formed by Places, Axes and Territory is geometrical and well-balanced and suggests this village is fit for human settlement. The administrative area of the village is about 738 ha, 27 % of which is cultivated land and the rest is mountain area. Initially the village and surrounndings were covered with natural forest But the trees have been gradually cut down for building and warning houses, resulting in the present barren and artificial landscape with bare mountains and cultivated land. At present the area of the village occupied by houses is wedge-shaped, 600 m wide and 220 m deep in its maximum. The total area of the village is $122,175m^{2}$. The area and the rate of each sub-division arc as follow. 116 house-lots $91,465m^{2}$ (74.9 %) Land for public buildings and shops $2,980m^{2}$ (2.4 %) Roads $17,106m^{2}$ (14.0 %) Creek $1,356m^{2}$ (1.1 %) Vacant spaces and others $9,268m^{2}$ (7.6 %) TOTAL $122,175m^{2}$ (100.0 %) Each lot is fenced around with vertical wooden pannels 1.5-1.8 m high and each house is located to the backside of the lot. The open space of a lot is sub-divided into three areas using the same wooden fence: Front yard, Back yard and Access area. Front and back yards are generally used for crop-cultivation, the custom of which is rare in Korea. The number of lots is 116 and the average size of area is $694.7m^{2}$. Outdoor spaces in the village such as roads, vacant spaces, front yard of the cultural hall, front yard of shops and spacse around the creek are good 'behavioral settings' frequently used by residents for play, chatting, drinking and movie-watching. The road system of the village is net-shaped, having T-junctions in intersections. The road could be graded to 4 categories according to their functions: Access roads, Inner trunk roads, Connecting roads and Culs-de-sac. The total length of the road inside the village is 3,709 m and the average width is 4.6 m. The main direction of the road in the village is NNE-SSE and ESE-WNW, crossing with right angles. Conclusively, the spatial structure of Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un village consists of various components in different dimensions and these components form a coherent structure in each dimension. Therefore the village has a proper spatial structure meaningful and appropriate for human living.