• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.20-34
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• 2001

This paper presents the relevance between GMFM and the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in children with cerebral palsy. Twenty-one children ($73.11{\pm}30.06$ months) with cerebral palsy participated in this study. GMFM was performed and spatiotemporal parameters of gait were measured by foot print gait analysis. A correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between GMFM scores and spatiotemporal parameters of gait. A linear regression analysis was employed to find how much each gait spatiotemporal parameters could be predicted from GMFM scores. The total GMFM scores was significantly correlated with walking speed, cadence, and stride length. Dimensions D (standing) and E (walking, running, and jumping) were more significantly correlated with gait spatiotemporal parameters than dimensions A (lying and rolling), B (sitting), and C (crawling and kneeling). The GMFM scores were useful for predicting spatiotemporal parameters. However, it is difficult to predict the status of gait development using GMFM scores because GMFM scores and gait spatiotemporal parameters are only measured as quantities not qualities. In the field, it is easily found that many children with cerebral palsy are unable to walk in any way. Consequently, gait analysis cannot be performed in many cases. Therefore, it is more reasonable to investigate the influence of GMFM on spatiotemporal parameters, rather than vice versa.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.82-88
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• 2007

Two experiments were conducted to see the effects of lacquer meal (Rhus verniciflua) on layer performance. In Exp. 1, seventy-two Hy-Line brown layers, 46 wk of age were fed 0, 1.5% and 3.0% lacquer added diets for 6 weeks. Diets contained 2,650 kcal/kg ME and 16.50% CP. In Exp. 2, high-energy diets were fed to 72 Hy-line brown layers of 46 wk age for 6 wk. The diets were: control (3,000 kcal/kg ME and 16.50% CP); T1 and T2 contained 1.5 and 3.0% lacquer respectively, in addition to high energy levels. Each treatment had four replicates with 6 birds each in both the experiments. During Exp.1, there was no effect on average daily feed intake, egg production and feed efficiency, however, egg weight was linearly (p=0.0128) decreased with the addition of lacquer in diets. The egg quality parameters measured at bi-weekly intervals did not reveal any particular trend. In Exp 2., high-energy diets have decreased the feed intake and egg production in all groups. However, feeding lacquer at 1.5% increased the egg production by 9% than control. The yolk fat content was increased due to treatments showing quadratic trend (p=0.0683). The liver fat content was decreased by 40-43% than control in lacquer added diets. Except palmitic, oleic and arachidonic acids, some yolk fatty acids showed a linear decreasing trend in lacquer diets. The serum triglycerides and total cholesterol levels were not influenced with lacquer in the diets; however, the serum glucose level was linearly decreased with the addition of lacquer. In conclusion, lacquer meal supplementation significantly affected the performance of layers fed high-energy diets.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1442-1448
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• 2015

The objectives of this study were to determine the molecular weight of condensed tannins (CT) extracted from mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L) peel, its protein binding affinity and effects on fermentation parameters including total gas, methane ($CH_4$) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) production. The average molecular weight ($M_w$) of the purified CT was 2,081 Da with a protein binding affinity of 0.69 (the amount needed to bind half the maximum bovine serum albumin). In vitro gas production declined by 0.409, 0.121, and 0.311, respectively, while CH4 production decreased by 0.211, 0.353, and 0.549, respectively, with addition of 10, 20, and 30 mg CT/500 mg dry matter (DM) compared to the control (p<0.05). The effects of CT from mangosteen-peel on in vitro DM degradability (IVDMD) and in vitro N degradability was negative and linear (p<0.01). Total VFA, concentrations of acetic, propionic, butyric and isovaleric acids decreased linearly with increasing amount of CT. The aforementioned results show that protein binding affinity of CT from mangosteen-peel is lower than those reported for Leucaena forages, however, the former has stronger negative effect on IVDMD. Therefore, the use of mangosteen-peel as protein source and $CH_4$ mitigating agent in ruminant feed requires further investigations.

• 한국학교수학회논문집
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.23-43
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• 2014

TIMSS와 PISA의 두 국제평가에서 우리나라 학생들의 경우, 수학 교과에 대한 인지적 영역의 성취도는 매우 우수한 반면 정의적 영역의 성취도는 참가국 중 최하위권의 순위를 기록하여 우리나라 교육의 문제점을 드러내고 있다. 이즈음에, 우리나라 학생들이 취약한 정의적 특성 요인의 함양 방안을 모색해 보는 것은 의미 있은 일일 것이다. 이러한 취지하에, 한국교육과정평가원에서는 PISA와 TIMSS 두 국제평가에 공통적으로 포함되어 있는 우리나라 학생들의 수학 학습에 대한 흥미와 자아효능감, 그리고 수학에 대한 가치 인식의 정의적 특성 요인을 대상으로, PISA와 TIMSS 결과에 나타난 우리나라 학생의 정의적 특성의 성취 실태 및 사례를 파악하여 이의 실천적 함양 방안을 모색해 보고자 하였다(최승현 외, 2013). 본고에서는 PISA와 TIMSS에 관한 선행 연구 재분석 및 통계 분석 결과를 중심으로 이에 초점을 두어 수학 교과에서의 우리나라 학생의 정의적 성취 실태를 탐색하고자 하였다.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.400-411
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• 2011

Process variables are factors in an experiment that are not mixture components but could affect the blending properties of the mixture ingredients. For example, the effectiveness of an etching solution which is measured as an etch rate is not only a function of the proportions of the three acids that are combined to form the mixture, but also depends on the temperature of the solution and the agitation rate. Efficient designs for the mixture components-process variables experiments depend on the mixture components-process variables model which is called a combined model. We often use the product model between the canonical polynomial model for the mixture and process variables model as a combined model. In this paper we propose three starting models for the mixture components-process variables experiments. One of the starting model we are considering is the model which includes product terms up to cubic order interactions between mixture effects and the linear & pure quadratic effect of the process variables from the product model. In this paper, we propose a method for finding robust designs and practical designs with respect to D-, G-, and I-optimality for the various starting combined models and then, we find practically efficient and robust designs for estimating the regression coefficients for those models. We find the prediction capability of those recommended designs in the case of three components and three process variables to be good by checking FDS(Fraction of Design Space) plots.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.538-541
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• 2005

Tidal flats develop along the south coast ofthe Korean peninsula. These areas are famous for sea farming. Specially, strong and coherent radar backscattering signals are observed over oyster sea farms that consist of artificial structures. Tide height in oyster farm is possible to measure by using interferometric phase and intensity of SAR data. It is assumed that the radar signals from oyster farm could be considered as double-bouncing returns by vertical and horizontal bars. But, detailed backscattering mechanism and polarimetric characteristics in oyster farm had not been well studied. We could not demonstrate whether the assumption is correct or not and exactly understand what the properties of back scattering were in oyster farm without full polarimetric data. The results of AIRSAR L-band POLSAR data, experiments in laboratory and JERS-l images are discussed. We carried out an experiment simulating a target structure using vector network analyser (Y.N.A.) in an anechoic chamber at Niigata University. Radar returns from vertical poles are stronger than those from horizontal poles by 10.5 dB. Single bounce components were as strong as double bounce components and more sensitive to antenna look direction. Double bounce components show quasi-linear relation with height of vertical poles. As black absorber replaced AI-plate in bottom surface, double bounce in vertical pole decreased. It is observed that not all oyster farms are characterized by double bounced scattering in AIRSAR data. The image intensity of the double bounce dominant oyster farm was investigated with respect to that of oyster farm dominated by single bounce in JERS-l SAR data. The image intensity model results in a correlation coefficient (R2 ) of 0.78 in double bounce dominant area while that of 0.54 in single bouncing dominant area. This shows that double bounce dominant area should be selected for water height measurement using In8AR technique.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권12호
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• pp.2268-2272
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• 2010

This letter presents that a rectenna can utilize more stable wireless power by using a new design dual band/dual polarization microstrip patch antenna and 2 stage voltage multiplier at 2.4 GHz band and 3.1 GHz band. The proposed antenna is a new microstrip patch antenna design to make impedance matching possible by using slotted capacitive coupling between the patch and $50\Omega$ feed line on a ground plane. Its advantage is that the size of the rectenna can be reduced by using $50\Omega$ feed line on the ground plane, which can be used efficiently. The dual band/dual polarization microstrip patch antenna shows circular polarization at 2.4 GHz band and linear polarization at 3.1 GHz band. Under -10 dB return loss, The dual band/dual polarization microstrip patch antenna obtains 340 MHz bandwidth as 2.23~2.57 GHz and 375 MHz bandwidth as 2.95~3.325 GHz. Also, 2 Stage Voltage multiplier is possible to operate at 2.4 GHz band and 3.1 GHz band. The designed retenna can usually obtain wireless power at both 3.1 GHz band, and 2.4 GHz band applications such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Wireless LAN, etc. So more stable wireless power can be utilized at the same time.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1871-1876
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• 2010

사람이 소리를 듣는 것은 다분히 감정적이고 주관적으로 이루어진다. 따라서 소음 측정의 척도로 주로 사용되는 dB(A)와 같은 청감을 고려한 수치로 표현하기 어렵기 때문에 때와 장소, 차량에 따라 주관적이고 사람의 감정에 맞는 주관적 척도가 요구된다. 즉, 평가하고자 하는 음질인자 항목들은 독립적 관계가 아닌 서로 상관관계의 특성을 고려하여 음질 평가를 수행해야 한다. 그러므로 인간의 청감에 가깝고 정확한 음질 평가를 위해서는 음질인자 별 다변량 분석이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 차량 주행 소음을 대상으로 특성인자간 상관관계를 고려해 시스템을 분석할 수 있는 마할라노비스 거리(Mahalanobis distance,MD)를 통해 음질 인덱스를 구축하고자 한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.173-178
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• 2008

Some physical properties of rapeseed were measured at five moisture levels of 10.03, 14.91, 20.07, 25.06 and 30.12% (w.b.), which include frictional properties (coefficient of static friction, emptying and filling angle of repose) and aerodynamic properties (terminal velocity and drag coefficient). The physical properties of rapeseed were evaluated as a function of seed moisture content. In the moisture content range, the coefficients of static friction, emptying and filling angle of repose increased linearly with increase of moisture content. The maximum values of coefficients of static friction were on the acrylic surface, varied from 0.34 to 0.43; the next is on the galvanized steel, varied from 0.30 to 0.38; and the minimum were on stainless steel surface, varied from 0.27 to 0.35. Emptying and filling angle of repose varied from 26.12 to 29.62 and 23.83 to 27.05 degrees, respectively. Terminal velocity increased linearly from 3.47 to 3.91 m/s with increase of moisture content. Drag coefficient varied from 1.84 to 1.64 as the moisture content increased. The relationship between drag coefficient and moisture content were expressed by non-linear equation.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2006

A torsional damper comprised of two stage pre-dampers was used to reduce the rattle noise generated in the PTO gear box of a direct engine-PTO driveline of agricultural tractors. It was designed and mounted to the engine flywheel to reduce the torque fluctuation-induced speed variations at the driving gears in the PTO gearbox, which were found to be main cause of the rattle noise. The effects of a hysteresis torque and a torsional stiffness of the damper on the speed variation were analyzed using an 11 degree of freedom non-linear model of the damped PTO driveline. The torsional damper was represented by a single degree of freedom model with 7 parameters. Under a constant hysteresis torque, velocity variation was reduced with decrease in the torsional stiffness of the damper. The velocity variation was also decreased with decrease in the hysteresis torque under a constant torsional stiffness. Optimum values of the torsional stiffness and hysteresis torque were obtained by the model simulation for the PTO driveline under the study. When the optimum values of the damper were used, the sound pressure level of the rattle noise was reduced by 81%, resulting in a reduction of 15dB(A). The optimum damper also reduced the engine speed variation, resulting in a reduction of 80% at the driving gears in the PTO gearbox. The torsional damper showed a good performance in reducing the rattle noise caused by the speed variation in the direct engine-PTO driveline.