• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.3731-3736
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• 2014

Phytic acid (PA) has been reported to have positive nutritional benefits and prevent cancer formation. This study investigated the anticancer activity of rice bran PA against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. Cytotoxicty of PA (0.5 to 4mM) was examined by MTT and LDH assays after 24 and 48h treatment. Apoptotic activity was evaluated by expression analysis of apoptosis-regulatory genes [i.e. p53, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 and -9] by reverse transcriptase-PCR and DNA fragmentation assay. The results showed antioxidant activity of PA in Fe3+ reducing power assay ($p{\leq}0.03$). PA inhibited the growth of HepG2 cells in a concentration dependent manner ($p{\leq}0.04$). After 48h treatment, cell viability was recorded 84.7, 74.4, 65.6, 49.6, 36.0 and 23.8% in MTT assay and 92.6, 77.0%, 66.8%, 51.2, 40.3 and 32.3% in LDH assay at concentrations of 1, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5mM, respectively. Hence, treatment of PA for 24h, recorded viability of cells 93.5, 88.6, 55.5, 34.6 and 24.4% in MTT assay and 94.2, 86.1%, 59.7%, 42.3 and 31.6%, in LDH assay at concentrations of 1, 2.2, 3.0, 3.6 and 4.0mM, respectively. PA treated HepG2 cells showed up-regulation of p53, Bax, Caspase-3 and -9, and down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene ($p{\leq}0.01$). At the $IC_{50}$ (2.49mM) of PA, the p53, Bax, Caspase-3 and-9 genes were up-regulated by 6.03, 7.37, 19.7 and 14.5 fold respectively. Also, the fragmented genomic DNA in PA treated cells provided evidence of apoptosis. Our study confirmed the biological activity of PA and demonstrated growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells with modulation of the expression of apoptosis-regulatory genes.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.200-204
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• 2000

Purpose : We already reported the results that aqueous extract of Korean ginseng roots showed a marked cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated whether combined ginseng product with X-irradiation increase the cytotoxicity of tumor cells than X-irradiation or not. Materials and Methods : Fifty gram of Korean ginseng powder mixed with 1 L of distilled water was extracted with reflux flask under condition of $100^{\circ}C$ for 5 hrs. This aquaous ginseng extract was filtered, centrifuged and then was freezed under condition of $-90^{\circ}C$ for 16-18 hrs. The freezing extract was dried with freeze drier, and then diluted. X-irradiation was given to tumor cells by 6 MeV linear accelerator. The cytotoxicity of ginseng in vitro was evaluated from its ability to reduce the clonogenecity of fibrosarcoma (FSa II) cells. In X-irradiation alone group, each 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy was given to tumor cells. In X-irradiation with ginseng group, 0.2 mg/mL of ginseng extract was exposed to tumor cells for 1 hour before X-irradiation. Results : The yield for 50 g of ginseng extract which was treated with freezing drier was 3.13 g($6.3\%$). Cytotoxicity In vitro was measured as survival fraction which was judged from the curve, at ginseng concentration of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg/mL were $0.89\pm0.04$, $0.86\pm0.06$, $0.73\pm0.01$ and $0.09\pm0.02$, respectively. Survival fraction at X-irradiation alone of 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy were $0.81\pm0.07$, $0.42\pm0.08$, $0.15\pm0.02$, $0.03\pm0.01$, respectively. But, suwival fraction in combined group of X-irradiation and ginseng (0.2mg/ml) at each same radiation dose were $0.28\pm0.01$, $0.18\pm0.03$, $0.08\pm0.02$, $0.006\pm0.002$, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion : The yield for ginseng extract which was treated with freezing drier was $6.3\%$. Cytotoxicty of Fsa 11 in combined ginseng with X-irradiation group was increased than that of X-irradition alone group, and its enhancing effect seemed to be added.