• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2012

In order to develop as a natural source of anticancer materials of Cudrania tricuspidata, the cytotoxicity of methanol extracts by harvesting parts and times against 8 cell lines including 293 (normal kidney cells) and A-431 (epidermoid carcinoma cells) were investigated using MTT assay. All harvesting parts had hardly cytotoxicity against 293. And methanol extracts of stem bark and root bark showed very high cytotoxicities against 7 cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity was the highest against HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma cells) and followed by MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cells), AGS (stomach adenocarcinoma cells), HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma cells), HepG2 (hepatoblastoma cells), A549 (lung carcinoma cells) and A-431. By the way, leaf extract had a cytotoxicity against only AGS and ripe fruit extract had no cytotoxicity. Among harvesting times, the cytotoxicity of root bark were high from April to September but that of stem bark showed a little difference. These results showed that anticancer activities of Cudrania tricuspidata extracts were eventful changes by harvesting parts and times.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.369-377
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• 2014

In order to find out anticancer activity of Korean pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), the cytotoxicity against 8 cell lines including 293 (normal kidney cells) and A-431 (epidermoid carcinoma cells) of extracts by extraction solvents and plant parts were investigated using MTT assay. Also the correlation between content of capsaicin known as anticancer ingredient and cytotoxicity of extracts from pepper were analyzed. The distilled water extracts from seed and germinated seed showed very high cytotoxicity against 6 cancer cell lines including A549 (lung carcinoma cells), AGS (stomach adenocarcinoma cells), HeLa (cervix adenocarcinoma cells), HepG2 (hepatoblastoma cells), HT-29 (colon adenocarcinoma cells), and MCF-7 (breast adenocarcinoma cells). But 80% ethanol and methanol extracts showed cytotoxicity against 293 and AGS. The $RC_{50}$, that was, the concentration of sample required for 50% reduction of cell viability, of seed and germinated seed extracts against AGS were $33.4{\sim}389.1{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $63.9{\sim}1,316.7{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, respectively, so anticancer activity was higher in seed than in germinated seed. In capsaicin contents, seed with high cytotoxicity and pericarp with a little cytotoxicity contained $47.4{\sim}1,260.0{\mu}g/g$ and $58.3{\sim}1,498.0{\mu}g/g$, respectively. As these results, the correlation was not between cytotoxicity and capsaicin content.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 2007

Chitosan is a depolymerized and partially deacetylated derivative of chitin. We investigated the cytotoxicity of chitosan in cancer cell lines, such as P388, L1210, HCT-15, SK-HepG-1 and mouse splenocytes as a normal cell by MTT assay. To clarify whether chitosan enhances cytotoxicity of anticancer drugs, we also examined the cytotoxicity of combined treatment with chitosan and anticancer drugs, such as cisplatin, mitomycin C, and 5-fluorouracil in cancer cell lines in vitro. Chitosan ($37.5\;{\mu}g/mL,\;75\;{\mu}g/mL,\;112.5\;{\mu}g/mL,\;and\;150\;{\mu}g/mL$) showed concentration-dependent cytotoxicity in the cancer cell lines. In addition, chitosan showed relatively lower cytotoxicity in normal cells than in the cancer cell lines. Particularly, this trend was significant at high doses of chitosan, i.e. $112.5\;{\mu}g/mL,\;and\;150\;{\mu}g/mL$. Thus, these results suggest that chitosan may selectively induce the growth inhibition in cancer cell lines, compared to normal cells. Furthermore. the co-treatment of chitosan and anticancer drugs exhibited an apparant synergistic cytotoxicity in murine lymphoma cell lines, i.e. P388 and L1210 at $37.5\;{\mu}g/mL$ of chitosan rather than at $75\;{\mu}g/mL$ of chitosan, but such phenomenon could not be observed in solid tumor cell lines, i.e. HCT-15 and SK-HepG-1. However, chitosan did'nt reduced the cytotoxicity against normal mouse splenocytes induced by anticancer drugs. Therefore, it is concluded that the combination of chitosan and anticancer drugs might be useful for the cancer chemotherapy.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.305-312
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• 2019

This study was conducted to effect the cell activity and cytotoxicity of dentifrice. For the study, 6 kinds of general dentifrice, 3 kind of whitening dentifrice, 2 kinds of natural dentifrice and SLS(sodium lauryl sulfate) of positive control group. Immortalized human gingiva fibroblast cell was used for the study, WST test for cell activity and Agar diffusion test for cytotoxicity. Agar diffusion test showed high cytotoxicity in general dentifrice test group and whitening dentifrice test group, but low cytotoxicity in natural dentifrice test group. As a result of cell nucleus staining, cell shape and nuclear activity showed that the highest activity in natural dentifrice group, followed by whitening dentifrice group and general dentifrice group. As a result of this study, the cytotoxicity of different ingredient and according to the use to dentifrice. As a result of this study, we confirm cytotoxicity of kind and components according to the purpose of using dentifrice. Therefore, it is necessary to indicate the detailed ingredients of dentifrice for the smart choice of consumers.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.62-70
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• 2019

Objectives: This study was carried out to analyze the cytotoxicity of cadmium sulfate ($CdSO_4$) and the antioxidative effect of Typha orientalis L. (TO) extract on the oxidative stress induced by cytotoxicity of $CdSO_4$ in the cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Methods: For this study, the cell viability and the antioxidative effects such as the inhibitory activity of lipid peroxidation (LP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and xanthine oxidase (XO)-inhibitory activity were assessed. Results: The cadmium sulfate significantly decreased cell viability in dose-dependently, and $XTT_{50}$ value was measured at $47.4{\mu}M$ of $CdSO_4$. The cytotoxicity of $CdSO_4$ was determined as highly toxic by Borenfreund and Puerner's toxic criteria. The butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as antioxidant significantly increased cell viability injured by $CdSO_4$-induced cytotoxicity in these cultures. In the protective effect of TO extract on $CdSO_4$-induced cytotoxicity, TO extract remarkably increased the inhibitory ability of LP and XO as well as SOD-like ability. Conclusions: From the above results, it is suggested that the oxidative stress is involved in the cytotoxicity of $CdSO_4$, and TO extract effectively protected $CdSO_4$-induced cytotoxicity by antioxidative effects. The natural component like TO extract may be a putative therapeutic agent for treatment of the toxicity induced by heavy metallic compound like $CdSO_4$ correlated with the oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.223-226
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• 1989

A cytotoxic sesquiterpene against L1210 cell has been isolated from the root of Curcuma domestica. Its structure was identified as ${\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$. The cytotoxicity-potentiating substance was (+)-ar-turmerone. (+)-ar-Turmerone potentiated the cytotoxicity of ${\beta}-sesquiphellandrene$(5 fold in $ED_{50}$ value) and an unknown sesquiterpene which was isolated from the root as well, and that of aurapten(6.3 fold) isolated from the unripe fruit of Poncirus trifoliata. Moreover, it potentiated the cytotoxic activities of MeCCNU 10 fold and cyclophosphamide 10 fold. Except the fact that all the effective cytotoxic substances possess relatively good lipophilicity, no relationship between structures of the cytotoxic substances and the cytotoxicity-enhancing effect of (+)-ar-turmerone could be observed.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 2001

In the present study, we examined eye irritation oj six anti-wrinkle agents (ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, all trans-retinoic acid, ginseng extract, retinol, EB). We also compared eye irritation with skin irritation and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells by these agents. The highest eye irritation was found in glycolic acid, but all trans-retinoic acid showed the highest skin irritation. The rank of eye irritation was not correlated with the cytotoxicity of agents. This result shows that eye irritation potency by these agents were not correlated with skin irritation potency, and cytotoxicity in HaCaT cells.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

Objectives : Nickel is a major metal used in the nickel-chromium alloys of most orthodontic appliances, partial denture and implants. This study was carried out for the examination of the cytotoxicity on nickel sulfide in cultured NIH3T3 fibroblasts, and poncirin effect on nickel-induced cytotoxicity. Methods : Cell viability for the MTT assay and cell adhesion activity for the XTT assay. Results : The $IC_{50}$ of nickel sulfide by the MTT assay was $93.7\;{\mu}M$. Poncirin was significantly increased the cell viability and cell adhesion activity. Conclusion : Nickel was highly toxic and poncirin has the inhibitory effects against nickel induced cytotoxicity.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.412-415
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• 2009

Chinensis galla has been used as an multi-functional herb, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-virus, and antitumor agent. This study was performed to antimicrobial and cytotoxicity effect in vitro. The results were summarized as follows : Chinensis galla was antimicrobial effect on Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis. Chinensis galla was antimicrobial effect on Kocuria rhizophila, Corynebacterium ammoniagenes. The extracts of Chinensis galla exhibited cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblast at $10\;{\mu}{\ell}$ but not at $5\;{\mu}{\ell}$, and the same results was known under a microscope. Accordingly the results show Chinensis galla could antimicrobial effect but exhibited cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblast at high concentration and it needs more research.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.303-307
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• 2005

Nanomaterials, which ranges in size from 1 to 100 nm, have been used to create uqnique devices at the nanoscale level possessing novel physical and chemical functional properties. However, the toxicities of nanomaterials have not been fully tested and the risk of nanomaterials is emerging issues in these days. In this study, the cytotoxicity of copper nanoparticles was tested in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells. As a results, copper nanoparticles showed cytotoxicity similar with cupric ion and the apoptotic mechanisms of DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activation were involved. Induction of heme oxygenase-1 and thioredoxin reductase by copper nanoparticles indicated that cytotoxicity of copper nanoparticles is likely to be mediated through oxidative stress.