• 제목/요약/키워드: cytokines

검색결과 3,402건 처리시간 0.032초

Expression of Cytokines in Radiation Injured Brain at Acute Phase

  • Lee, Jang-Bo;Kim, Min-Ho;Chung, Yong-Gu;Park, Jung-Yul
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제42권3호
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    • pp.200-204
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    • 2007
  • Objective : Radiation therapy is an important treatment for brain tumor. However, serious complications such as radiation necrosis can occur and it may be secondary to the expression of acute phase genes, like cytokines. In particular, inflammatory cytokines (IL-$1{\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$) and other immunomodulatory cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$) might be changed after irradiation (high single dose irradiation). Although it has been reported that IL-1 level is remarkably elevated within 8 week after the irradiation to the rat brain. the change of cytokines levels at acute phase (within 24 hours) has not been reported. In the present study, we examined TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ levels in acute phase to clarify the early effect of cytokines on the radiation-induced brain damage. Methods : Fifty Sprague-Dawley rats were used and these were divided into irradiation group and control group. After a burr-hole trephination on the right parietal area using a drill, a single 10Gy was irradiated at the trephined site. Their forebrains were extirpated at 30 min, 2 hr, 8 hr, 12 hr and 24 hr, respectively and examined for the expression of TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$, and IL-$1{\beta}$. Results : The expression of TNF-${\alpha}$ and TGF-${\beta}1$ were decreased until 12 hr after irradiation but elevated thereafter. The expression of IL-1 was peak at 8 hr and then decreased until 12 hr but elevated after this time window. The present study indicated that expression of cytokines (TNF-${\alpha}$, TGF-${\beta}1$ and IL-$1{\beta}$) were increased at 24 hr after the irradiation to the rat brain. IL-$1{\beta}$ level, on the other hand. reached peak at 8 hr after radiation injury. Conclusion : These findings indicate that IL-1, among various cytokines, may have a more important role in the inflammatory reaction by radiation injury at acute phase and provide some clues for better understanding of the pathogenesis of radiation injury.

치근단 및 치수병변 환자에서의 TNF-α와 β, IL-1β 및 TGF-β1의 수준과 근관내 특정 black pigmented bacteria와의 연관성에 관한 연구 (LEVELS OF TNF-α,-β, IL-1β, TGF-β1 AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE PRESENCE OF SPECIFIC BLACK PIGMENTED BACTERIA IN PERIAPICAL AND PULPAL DISEASES)

  • 변호영;임성삼;박동성
    • Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 1999
  • Bacterial infection of the pulp results in the development of a periapical lesion with the concomitant resorption of periapical bone. The cytokines are believed to play an important role in this matter. The purpose of this study was to find the relationship among the presence of black pigmented bacteria, the levels of cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, -${\beta}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and TGF-${\beta}1$), and the amount of bone resorption in periapical and pulpal diseases. For the purpose, the patients were grouped into chronic apical pathosis, acute apical pathosis, acute pulpitis, and a healthy control group. Root canal samples were taken from periapical tissue exudates during routine endodontic treatment, and the venous blood was taken from each patients. The samples were processed to measure local and systemic levels of the cytokines using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Bacterial content of Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Prevotella nigrescens were measured by indirect immunofluorescence method and the size of the periapical lesions were measured from the radiographs. The following results were obtained: 1. The levels of bone resorptive cytokines(TNF-${\alpha}$, TNF-${\beta}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$) in exudates from acute and chronic apical pathoses were significantly higher than those from acute pulpitis and the normal pulps(p<0.05). 2. IL-$1{\beta}$ were the highest among the bone resorptive cytokines in apical pathoses. However, no statistical difference between acute and chronic lesions were found(p>0.05). 3. The levels of TGF-${\beta}1$ in exudates from acute pulpitis and chronic apical pathoses were significantly higher than those from acute apical pathoses and the normal pulps(p<0.05). However, there were no significant correlations among the levels of bone resorptive cytokines. 4. The levels of TNF-${\beta}$ in serum were significantly higher than those from the exudates while serum TGF-${\beta}1$ concentrations were significantly lower(p<0.05). 5. Exudates from the canals in which the P. nigrescens were detected showed significantly higher levels of IL-$1{\beta}$ than those from the canals without the microorganism(p<0.05). 6. There were no significant correlations among the levels of the cytokines, the amount of bone destruction, and the presence of acute and chronic symptoms(p>0.05).

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참당귀 추출분말의 골관절염 흰쥐의 염증성 사이토카인류의 억제활성 (Inhibitory effect of Angelica gigas extract powder on induced inflammatory cytokines in rats osteoarthritis)

  • 권진환;한민석;이부민;이용문
    • 분석과학
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.260-269
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    • 2015
  • 골관절염에 대한 참당귀 추출분말의 치료효과를 검토하고자 흰쥐의 monosodium iodoacetate(MIA)로 유발된 골관절염 부위에서 시료를 채취하여 염증관련 효소 및 염증성 cytokines의 발현에 대하여 참당귀 추출분말의 억제효능을 검토하였다. 고농도의 참당귀 추출분말 (50 μg/mL) 투여에서도 독성이 관찰되지 않았으며, 동일조건하에서 interleukin-1α (IL-1α)로 유발된 nitric oxide (NO)의 생성을 효과적으로 억제하였다. 특히, 관절연골 조직의 inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) 및 cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)의 발현을 농도 의존적으로 억제하였다. 따라서 참당귀 추출분말은 항염증 효능을 나타내는 농도에서 독성 없이 사용할 수 있으며, iNOS발현을 억제하여 방출되는 신호전달 물질인 NO의 생성을 억제하였다. 또한 참당귀 추출분말의 처리로 염증유발 부위에서 염증성 cytokines으로 알려진 tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) 및 interleukin-6 (IL-6)의 발현이 억제됨을 확인하였다. 참당귀 추출분말의 항 염증효과는 TNF-α, IL-1β 및 IL-6의 혈중농도를 낮추어 염증부위뿐만 아니라 전체적으로 항염증효과를 나타내었다. 본 실험결과, 참당귀 추출분말의 투여는 MIA 또는 IL-1α로 유발되는 골관절염 동물모델에서 염증인자, 관련 효소의 발현 및 관련 신호전달 물질의 생성을 효과적으로 억제하여, 슬관절의 활액 내 glycosaminoglycan (GAG) 및 관절연골의 proteoglycan (PG)의 분해를 방지하여 골관절염의 발생을 억제할 것으로 추정되었다. 한편, 참당귀 추출분말의 주성분인 decursin은 혈중에서 2시간이내에 decursinol로 전환되어 8시간이상 LC-MS/MS로 검출되었다, 따라서 참당귀 추출분말에 의한 염증성 사이토카인 TNF-α, IL-1β 및 IL-6의 억제활성은 항염증활성이 큰 decursinol에 의한 것으로 추정된다.

Generation of $CD2^+CD8^+$ NK Cells from c-$Kit^+$ Bone Marrow Cells in Porcine

  • Lim, Kyu-Hee;Han, Ji-Hui;Roh, Yoon-Seok;Kim, Bum-Seok;Kwon, Jung-Kee;You, Myoung-Jo;Han, Ho-Jae;Ejaz, Sohail;Kang, Chang-Won;Kim, Jong-Hoon
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.167-174
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    • 2012
  • Natural killer (NK) cells provide one of the initial barriers of cellular host defense against pathogens, in particular intracellular pathogens. Because bone marrow-derived hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), lymphoid protenitors, can give rise to NK cells, NK ontogeny has been considered to be exclusively lymphoid. Here, we show that porcine c-$kit^+$ bone marrow cells (c-$kit^+$ BM cells) develop into NK cells in vitro in the presence of various cytokines [interleukin (IL)-2, IL-7, IL-15, IL-21, stem cell factor (SCF), and fms-like tyrosine kinase-3 ligand (FLT3L)]. Adding hydrocortisone (HDC) and stromal cells greatly increases the frequency of c-$kit^+$ BM cells that give rise to $CD2^+CD8^+$ NK cells. Also, intracellular levels of perforin, granzyme B, and NKG2D were determined by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. It was found that of perforin, granzyme B, and NKG2D levels significantly were increased in cytokine-stimulated c-$kit^+$ BM cells than those of controls. And, we compared the ability of the cytotoxicity of $CD2^+CD8^+$ NK cells differentiated by cytokines from c-$kit^+$ BM cells against K562 target cells for 28 days. Cytokines-induced NK cells as effector cells were incubated with K562 cells as target in a ratio of 100 : 1 for 4 h once a week. In results, $CD2^+CD8^+$ NK cells induced by cytokines and stromal cells showed a significantly increased cytotoxicity 21 days later. Whereas, our results indicated that c-$kit^+$ BM cells not pretreated with cytokines have lower levels of cytotoxicity. Taken together, this study suggests that cytokines-induced NK cells from porcine c-$kit^+$ BM cells may be used as adoptive transfer therapy if the known obstacles to xenografting (e.g. immune and non-immune problems) were overcome in the future.

Regulation of Proopiomelanocortin and Melanocortin 1 Receptor by UVB: Inhibitory Effect of Antioxidants

  • Funasaka, Yoko
    • Journal of Photoscience
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    • 제9권2호
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    • pp.201-204
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    • 2002
  • Epidermal cells produce a panel of antioxidants as well as cytokines after UVB irradiation, which counteract reactive oxygen species, however, how these antioxidants might regulate melanogenesis is unclear. An important constituent of the cellular antioxidant buffering system which controls the redox state of proteins is thioredoxin (TRX), a 13-kD protein that catalyzes thiol-disulfide exchange reactions, regulates activation of transcription factors, and possesses several other biological functions similar to cytokines. TRX suppressed the UVB-induced production and secretion of $\alpha$-melanocyte stimulating hormone ($\alpha$-MSH) and of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and also suppressed proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression by normal human keratinocyte (KC)s. Further, L-cysteine, N-acetyl-cysteine, $\alpha$-tocopheryl ferulate showed suppressive effect on UVB-induced POMC mRNA expression. However, TRX released from UVB-irradiated KCs stimulated melanogenesis by up-regulating MSH receptor expression and its binding activity in melanocyte (MC)s. UVB-induced KC derived cytokines such as IL1, IL6, and ET1 upregulated MSH-receptor binding ability as well as MCl-R mRNA expression in cultured normal human MCs. MCl-R has a tendency to be upregulated by UVB-induced KC-derived cytokines as well as by direct UVB irradiation. These results suggest that antioxidants such as TRX suppresses UVB induction of POMC, but in the case of MCl-R, this gene can be mainly in the trend of upregulation by UVB-induced KC-derived factors including TRX.

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Th1/Th2 Cytokine Modulation in Human PBMC by Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus

  • Lyu, Su-Yun;Park, Won-Bong
    • Food Science and Biotechnology
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.631-636
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    • 2008
  • Acanthopanax divaricatus var. albeofructus (ADA) have been shown to have various levels of activity such as antioxidant, anticancer, antivirus, and immunostimulatory effects. However, little is known about its mechanism related to the modulation of immune activities. In this study, a water extract of ADA leaves were used to treat human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC) to determine the underlying mechanisms for the immunostimulatory effects. To characterize its immunomodulatory activity, the secretion level of various cytokines including IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$ were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Treatment of hPBMC with ADA leaf extract in an in vitro experiment induced various Th1 cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. A significant increase of IL-2, IL-12, IFN-$\gamma$, and TNF-$\alpha$ secretion was observed in the presence of ADA leaf extract. In contrast, Th2 cytokines including IL-4 and IL-6 were suppressed. There was no significant change in IL-10 release. Our results showed an increase in Th1 and a decrease in Th2 cytokine secretion which suggests that ADA may influence the immune response towards a predominance of Th1 cytokines in the immune system.

황련 클로로포름 분획물의 뇌신경소교세포로부터 염증매개물질 생성억제 효능 연구 (Anti-inflammatory effect of chloroform fraction of Coptidis rhizoma on the production of inflammatory mediators from LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells)

  • 박용기;이경열
    • 대한본초학회지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 2007
  • Objectives : In the present study, we investigated anti-inflammatory effects of chloroform fraction of Coptidis rhizoma (CR-C) on the production of inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1${\beta}$) in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Methods : Copriditis rhizoma was extracted with 80% methanol, and then extracted with chloroform. BV2 cells were pre-treated with CR-C, and stimulated with LPS. The cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. The production of NO and cytokines was measured by Griess assay and ELISA. The mRNA expression of inducible nirtic oxide synthase (iNOS) and cytokines were determined by RT-PCR. Results : CR-C significantly inhibited the production of NO. TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-1${\beta}$ in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. In addition, CR-C suppressed the mRNA expressions of iNOS and inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS stimulation. These results indicate that CR-C was involved in anti-inflammatory effects in activated microglia. Conclusion : The present study suggests that chloroform extract of Coptidis rhizoma can be useful as a potential anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases.

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$CCI_4$와 Lipopolysaccharide로 유도한 흰쥐 간 독성에 대한 YH439의 방어작용 : cytokines 및 nitric oxide 생성의 억제 (YH439, a Hepatoprotective Agent, Suppresses Cytokines and Nitric Oxide Production in LPS-primed Rats Administered with $CCL_4$)

  • 김연숙;이종욱;김낙두
    • 약학회지
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    • 제43권2호
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    • pp.198-207
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    • 1999
  • The aim of the present investigation was to examine whether YH439, a hepatoprotective agent, exerts protective effect against hepatotoxicity and reduces the production of cytokines and NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed rats with carbon tetrachloride ($CCl_4$). Administration of LPS following a single dose of CCl4 injection resulted in remarkable elevations of the serum $TNF{\alpha},{\;}IL-l{\beta$ and IL-6 level. The serum NO level was moderately elevated and severe liver damage was evidenced by increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activities. YH439 decreased the levels of TNF, $IL-l{\beta}$, IL-6, ALT, SDH as well as NO in the serum elevated by CCl4+LPS in a dose-dependent manner. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level was decreased in the liver of rats treated with YH439. The increased iNOS activity induced by LPS and $interferon-{\gamma}$ was significantly decreased in RAW 264.7 cells by YH439 treatment. YH439 increased the GSH level decreased by $CCl_4+LPS$ and suppressed the ratio of GSSG/GSH. The reduction of hepatotoxicity by YH439 may associated with the decrease in the production of cytokines as well as suppression of iNOS protein in conjunction with an increase in the GSH level.

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Beneficial Effects of Capparis Spinosa Honey on the Immune Response of Rats Infected with Toxoplasma Gundii

  • Hegazi, Ahmed Gaffer;Al Guthami, Fayez Mohammed;Al Gethami, Ahmed Faiz;El Fadaly, Hassan Ali
    • 대한약침학회지
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    • 제20권2호
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    • pp.112-118
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    • 2017
  • Objectives: The Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular opportunistic protozoan parasite that infects approximately one-third of the human population worldwide. Honey has long been used for treatment of many diseases in folk medicine. Honey has exhibited significant anthelmintic, nematicidal and anti-protozoal activities. This study was conducted to investigate the immunological patterns in rats infected with T. gondii who were treated orally with supplemented 15% Capparis spinosa honey (Saudi Arabia) for a period of 28 days. Methods: Immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, and cytokines were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). In addition, the mortality and the morbidity rates were assessed. Results: Oral administration of Capparis spinosa honey as a natural food additive was experimentally shown to increase the antibody titer; furthermore, compared with the rats in the control group, the levels of the sera cytokines ($IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-1 and IL-6) were consistently higher at day 7 post-infection in the infected rats treated with oral supplements of Capparis spinosa honey. Conclusion: Orally administered supplements of Capparis spinosa honey increased both the antibody titer and the cytokines ($IFN-{\gamma}$, IL-1 and IL-6) levels in rats infected with T. gondii.

Discovery of Novel 4${\alpha}$ helix Cytokine by Hidden Markov Model Analysis

  • Du, Chunjuan;Zeng, Yanjun;Zhu, Yunping;He, Fuchu
    • 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2005년도 BIOINFO 2005
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    • pp.41-44
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    • 2005
  • Cytokines play a crucial role in the immune and inflammatory responses. But because of the high evolutionary rate of these proteins, the similarity between different members of their family is very low, which makes the identification of novel members of cytokines very difficult. According to this point, a new bioinformatic strategy to identify novel cytokine of the short-chain and long-chain 4${\alpha}$ helix cytokine using hidden markov model (HMM) is proposed in the paper. As a result, two motifs were created on the two train data sets, which were used to search three different databases. In order to improve the result, a strict criterion is established to filter the novel cytokines in the subject proteins. Finally, according to their E-value, scores and the criterion, four subject proteins are predicted to be possible novel cytokines for each family respectively.

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