• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권17호
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• pp.7555-7559
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• 2015

Background: CML includes 30% of all leukemias, and occurs from childhood to old age. The present study was a retrospective analysis of chronic phase CML patients registered to a Hematology Clinic in Kermanshah, Iran, with checking of treatment options. Materials and Methods: Between 2002 and 2014, 85 CML patients referred to our hematology clinic were enrolled in our study. We surveyed age, sex, B-symptoms, splenomegaly, Sokal score, Hasford score, treatment and survival in all patients. Philadelphia chromosome analysis was conducted for each patient by conventional cytogenetics. We compared treatment in the patients with three drugs, imatinib, hydroxyurea (HU) and interferon alpha (IFN-${\alpha}$). Results: The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was $47.5{\pm}14.5years$ (range, 23-82 years), with 43 (50.6%) being male. Some 13 (15.3%) were referred to our clinic for the first time with B-symptoms and 44 patients (51.8%) had splenomegaly. The Sokal score for 77 (90.6%) was low, 4 (4.7%) was intermediate and 4(4.7%) was high, but Hasford (Euro) scores for all patients were low. The 5-year survival rate for treated patients with imatinib, imatinib plus HU and imatinib plus HU plus IFN-${\alpha}$ was 90.5%, 81.1% and 55.6%, respectively Conclusions: The results show that imatinib therapy alone provides better survival in CML patients compared to HU or IFN-${\alpha}$. Combinations of IFN-${\alpha}$ and/or HU with imatinib probably reduce survival.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2005

A chitinolytic bacterium, Chromobacterium sp. strain C-61, was found strongly antagonistic to Rhizoctonia solani, a causal agent of damping-off of eggplant. In this study, the biocontrol activity and enzymatic characteristics of strain C-61 were compared with its four Tn5 insertion mutants (C61-A, -B, -C, and -D) that had lower chitinolytic ability. The chitinase activity of a 2-day old culture was about $76\%,\;49\%\;and\;6\%$ level in C61-A, C61-B and in C61-C, respectively, compared with that of strain C-61. The $\beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase$(Nahase) activity was little detected in strain C-61 but increased largely in C-61A, C61-B and C61-C. Activities of chitinase and Nahase appeared to be negatively correlated in these strains. Another mutant, C-61D, produced no detectable extracellular chitinase and Nahase. The in vitro and in vivo biocontrol activities of strain C-61 and its mutants were closely related to their ability to produce chitinase but not Nahase. No significant differences in population densities between strain C-61 and its mutants were observed in soil around eggplant roots. The results of SDS-PAGE and isoelectrofocusing showed that a major chitinase of strain C-61 is 54-kDa with pI of approximately 8.5. This study provides evidence that the biocontrol activity of Chromobacterium sp. strain C-61 against Rhizoctonia solani depends on the ability to produce chitinase with molecular weight of 54-kDa and pI of 8.5.

• 셀메드
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.35.1-35.11
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• 2012

The homeopathic remedy Chelidonium majus 200C (Chel-200) is traditionally used by homeopathic practitioners in liver ailments arising out of hepatotoxicity. The present investigation was aimed at examining whether vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid or AA), used in both traditional and orthodox medicines, can show better effects when used in combination with Chel-200, in favorably modifying the toxicological effects induced by the chronic feeding of p-dimethylaminoazobenzene (p-DAB, initiator) and phenobarbital (PB, promoter) in mice for 7 days through 120 days to induce hepatotoxicity and liver tumors. Mice were euthanized at 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of carcinogen feeding to assess various cytogenetical, biochemical and histological changes occurring in them. In a placebo controlled study, Chel-200 or the respective placebo (Alcohol-200C or Alc, "vehicle" of homeopathic drug), was orally administered to toxicant-fed mice. Sub-groups of the mice receiving Chel-200 were also fed either AA or an Alc placebo and their individual and conjoint effects were studied against the respective controls, to evaluate if the combination therapy of Chel-200 with AA can be of additional help in the amelioration of the toxicities generated by the toxicants. The combined feeding of Chel-200 and AA appeared to reduce the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects significantly, when compared to either only the Chel-200 or AA fed group. A similar trend was also obtained in the results of scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies of the livers. Experiments in other mammalian models are warranted to confirm if these drugs in combination could be used in palliative care of human patients with liver diseases including cancer.

• BMB Reports
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.191-205
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• 2020

The unexpected pandemic set off by the novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused severe panic among people worldwide. COVID-19 has created havoc, and scientists and physicians are urged to test the efficiency and safety of drugs used to treat this disease. In such a pandemic situation, various steps have been taken by the government to control and prevent the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This pandemic situation has forced scientists to rework strategies to combat infectious diseases through drugs, treatment, and control measures. COVID-19 treatment requires both limiting viral multiplication and neutralizing tissue damage induced by an inappropriate immune reaction. Currently, various diagnostic kits to test for COVID-19 are available, and repurposing therapeutics for COVID-19 has shown to be clinically effective. As the global demand for diagnostics and therapeutics continues to rise, it is essential to rapidly develop various algorithms to successfully identify and contain the virus. This review discusses the updates on specimens/samples, recent efficient diagnostics, and therapeutic approaches to control the disease and repurposed drugs mainly focusing on chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine and convalescent plasma (CP). More research is required for further understanding of the influence of diagnostics and therapeutic approaches to develop vaccines and drugs for COVID-19.

• 한국발생생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국발생생물학회 1998년도 제4차 학술발표대회 및 정기총회
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• pp.12-18
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• 1998

Tremendous progress has been made over the past quarter-century studying the genetics of gametogenesis and the resulting gametes and embryos. Studies merging molecular techniques and conventional cytogenetics are now beginning to bridge the gap between what we have learned about the meiotic process in males and females and what we know of the mitotic chromosomes of zygotes. Numerical abnormalities in sperm, oocytes and embryo can now diagnosed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). "At risk" couples can, therefore, have only unaffected embryos replaced in the sterus and avoid the possibility of terminating a pregnancy that might only be diagnosed as affected later gestation. Single-cell genetic analysis has also provided powerful tools for studying genetic defects arising during early human development. Recent studies of sperms, oocytes and cleavage-stage human embryos have revealed an unexpectedly high incidence. These genetic abnormalities are likely to contribute to early pregnancy loss and have important implications for improving pregnancy rates in infertile couples by assisted reproduction. The widespread use of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) awaits further documentatio of safety and accuracy. Other issues also must be addressed. First, the ethical issues regarding germ cell and embryo screening must be addressed including what diseases are serious enough to warrant the procedure. Another concern is the use of this technology for non-genetic disorders such as gender selection. Finally, the experimental nature of these procedure must continually be discussed with patients, and long-term follow-up studies must be undertaken. Development of more accurate and less expensive assays coupled with improved assisted reproductive technology success rates may make PGD a more widely use clinical tool. The future awaits these development.velopment.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1998년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.66-69
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• 1998

Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH)은 세포 내 특정 DNA 서열 이상을 염색체상에 보여주는 중요한 분자 세포 유전학 기법이다. CGH 기법에서는 세포 분열 중기의 염색체에서 준비한 형광 비율 영상의 정량적 분석을 위해서 Digital 영상 처리 기술이 쓰여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 최근 연구 개발된 영상 처리 algorithm들이 어떻게 CGH 기법에 쓰이는 지를 소개하려 한다. 각 염색체의 형광 비율 profile를 평균하기 위해, 염색체 영상의 이원화, 염색체 영상 뼈대 변환(skeletonization), 뼈대 정보의 변수화와 영상 명암의 재추출을 통한 굽은 염색체 영상 펴기 등이 언구되었다. 개발된 algorithm 들은 바이오메드랩 사의 ChIPS 핵형 정렬 시스템에 구현했다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.233-241
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• 1997

The research on chromosomes is very significant in cytogenetics since genes of the chromosomes control revelation of the inheritance plasma. The human chromosome analysis is widely used to study leukemia, malignancy, radiation hazard, and mutagen dosimetry as well as various congenital anomalies such as Down's, Klinefelter's, Edward's, and Patau's syndrome. The framing and analysis of the chromosome karyogram, which requires specific cytogenetic knowledge is most important in this field. Many researches on automated chromosome karyotype analysis methods have been carried out, some of which produced commercial systems. However, there still remains much room to improve the accuracy of chromosome classification and to reduce the processing time in real clinic environments. In this paper, we proposed a hierarchical artificial neural network(HANN) to classify the chromosome karyotype. We extracted three or four chromosome morphological feature parameters such as centromeric index, relative length ratio, relative area ratio, and chromosome length by preprocessing from ten human chromosome images. The feature parameters of five human chromosome images were used to learn HANN and the rest of them were used to classify the chromosome images. The experiment results show that the chromosome classification error is reduced much more than that of the other researchers using less feature parameters.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.762-769
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• 2022

산전 진단에서 유전자 검사는 임상 관리 및 부모의 의사 결정에 중요한 정보를 제공하고 있다. 지난 여러 해 동안 G-banidng 핵형 분석, 형광성 제자리 교잡 방법, 염색체 마이크로어레이 및 유전자 패널과 같은 세포유전학적 검사 방법들이 일반적인 산전 진단의 검사의 일부가 되어 발전해 왔다. 그러나 이러한 각각의 방법은 한계를 가지고 있으며 각각의 진단 기술의 단점들을 보완할 수 있는 혁신적인 검사 방법의 도입의 필요성이 매우 필요한 시점이다. 최근 차세대 염기서열 분석에 기반한 유전체 분석 방법의 도입은 현재의 산전 진단에서의 관행에 많은 변화를 주고 있다. 이렇게 산전 진단에서의 유전체 단위의 염기서열 분석은 정교한 해상도와 높은 정확도를 통해 데이터를 빠르게 분석하고 비용을 감소시키는 기술의 혁신을 보여주고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 시퀀싱 기반 산전 진단의 현재 상태와 관련 과제 및 미래 전망에 대하여 검토해 보았다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.214-224
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• 1972

작년 9월 2$\\sim$4일에 프랑스, 파리에서 사람의 染色體에 관한 國際會議(The Standardization Conference on Human Cytogenetics)가 열렸는데, 이것은 Denver, Londan 및 Chicago 會議(1960, 1963, 1966)에 계속해서 개최된 4번째 會議가 된다. 계속해서 이틀후인 9월 6일부터 1주일간 같은 장소인 파리에서 4차 國際人類遺傳學會가 개최되었다. 이들 양 會議에서 사람의 染色體에서 밴드 구조를 얻을 수 있는 特殊染色法과 그에 따른 染色體의 새로운 同定과 命名法이 화제의 중심이 되었던 것이다. 이 사람은 다행히 이들 회의에 참석할 기회를 얻어 이 문제를 토의하는 회합에 참석했기에 여기 간단히 그 문제를 해설해볼까 한다. 1956년 Tjio 및 Leven이 사람의 染色體의 정확한 수를 확인했고, 그 뒤 Denver 및 London 國際會議를 거쳐서 사람 染色體의 同定과 命名에 관한 國際的인 規約이 정해지기는 했지만, 23쌍의 사람의 染色體 하나 하나를 정확히 구분하기란 어려운 일로되었다. 종래의 방법으로 얻어진 사람의 染色體를 顯微鏡 밑에 色體 1쌍(X-Y, X-X)으로 구분을 하지만 실제로 확신을 갖일 수 있는 것은 常染色體에서 6쌍과 Y染色體만이였다. 다음 1960년대에 染色體 연구에 널리 이용되어온 오토래디오그리피(Autoradiography)는 DNA 複製의 시간적인 차이를 통해 染色體 固定에 큰 도움을 주었지만 실제로 정확한 식별이 가능케 한 것은 常染色體쌍 5과 여성의 X染色體 1개만 이라고 하겠다. 이렇게 생각한다면 남어지 11쌍의 常染色體와 1개의 X染色體는 1970년에 이르기까지 정확한 同定은 불가능했다고 말할 수 있다. 그러나 1970년을 전후해서 이문제에 관한 정세는 일변했으며, 여러 가지 特殊染色法이 개발되어 사람의 染色體 하나 하나를 정확히 식별 할 수 있는 단계에 접어들게 되었다. 그중에서도 식별 할 수 있는 단계에 접어들게 되었다. 그중에서도 대표적인 것이 키나크린 螢光染色法(quinacrine fluorescence staining method)와 김자分染法(heat-giemsa staining method)이며 이들 방법을 통하면 染色體의 縱軸에 따라 특유한 明暗의 밴드 패턴(banding patterns)이 나타나게 되어, 사람만이 아니라 고등한 동물의 모든 染色體가 쉽게 同定이 된다는 것이다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2009

Chromosomal rearrangements are major pathology in hematological malignancies. The detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) for these gene rearrangements helps in monitoring treatment outcomes and predicting prognosis of patients. Recently, quantification of these gene transcripts based on real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) has been used as MRD detection. The purpose of this study is to ensure the usefulness of the RQ-PCR technique for detecting MRD in hamatological malignancy patients. The patients had been diagnosed to AML1-ETO positive AML, PML-RARa positive AML and BCR-ABL positive MPN at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital from Jan. 2006 to Aug. 2008. The fusion transcript was quntified by RQ-PCR and analyzed in comparison to conventional cytogenetics, FISH and RT-PCR. The fusion gene transcript was quantified by RQ-PCR in 57 samples from 14 patients with AML1-ETO positive AML, 79 samples from 27 patients with PML-RARa positive AML and 108 samples from 36 patients with CML. At diagnosis, the quantitative fusion transcripts for AM1-ETO, PML-RARa and BCR-ABL showed the range of 0.485552651~10.82233683 (mean 3.782217131, SD 2.998052348), 0.005300395~0.29267494 (mean 0.056901315, SD 0.080131381) and 0.1293929~12.94826849 (mean 1.701935665, SD 2.200913158). The increase of AML1-ETO fusion gene transcripts preceded morphologic relapse in two patients. Quantification of fusion gene transcripts by RQ-PCR could detected MRD in samples which were negative by in cytogenetic analysis or FISH. Our findings indicated that quantitative analysis of AML1-ETO, PML-RARa and BCR-ABL transcripts by RQ-PCR might be a useful tool for the monitoring of minimal residual disease in hematological malignancies.