• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.171-181
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• 2004

Partial sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ(mtCOI) gene of veneroid clams were obtained to eluciadate molecular phylogeny. A total of nine veneroids and one corbiculid were collected from southern and western sea of Korea. The mtCOI sequences of the clams obtained from the present study and three veneroids sequences from GenBank were analyzed by maximum parsimony and neighbor-joining methods. The subfamilies Samarangiinae, Dorsiniinae, Cyclinae, Meretricinae and Chioninae were monophyletic, but Pitarinae was paraphyletic. One transitions and two transversions among two samples of Ruditapes philippinarum and a R. variegata were observed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.619-624
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E on microsomal mixed function oxidase system of kidney in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 140$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one control and three STZ-diabetic groups which were subdivided into vitamin E free diet(DM-0E group) 40mg vitamin E per kg diet(DM-40E group) and 400mg vitamin E per kg diet(DM-400E group). Vitamin E level of normal group was 40 mg per kg diet. Diabetes was experimentally induced by intravenous administration of 55 mg/kg B.W of STZ in citrate buffer(pH4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of experimental diets. Animals were sacrificed at the 6th day of diabetic state. The contents of cytochrome P450 in kidney were increased by 82, 54, 41% in DM-0E, DM-40E and DM-400E groups respectively when compared with normal group. The contents of cytochrome b5 in kidney were increased by 28% in DM-0E when compared with normal group but those of DM-40E and DM-400E groups were similar to that of normal group. The activities of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in kidney that were increased by 35% in DM-0E group. Levels of TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) in kidney were increased by 207, 129% and 72% in DM-0E and DM-400E groups respectively when compared with normal group but those of DM-40E and DM-400E groups were 26,44% lower than that of DM-0E groups. It is know that the activities of MFO system and lipid peroxidation were inhibited in kidney of STZ-induced diabetic rat by administeration of high doses of vitamin E.(Korean J Nutrition 33(6) : 619~624, 2000)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.132-132
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• 2000

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.215-219
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• 2012

To examine genetic divergences of two endemic Sorex caecutiens subspecies from Korea (S. c. hallamontanus in Korean Jeju Island and S. c. annexus in the mainland Korean Peninsula), we obtained partial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences (429 bp) and complete cytochrome b sequences (1,140 bp) from the two Korean subspecies, and we compared these sequences to the corresponding sequences of S. caecutiens, obtained from GenBank. We found that Jeju S. c. hallamontanus is one of three clades within S. caecutiens, with an average Jukes-Cantor distance of 1.57% in the COI sequences and the distance of 2.07% and 11 fixed site differences in the cytochrome b sequences, indicating that Jeju S. c. hallamontanus is one endemic subspecies with concordant genetic distinctness, although further analyses with nuclear DNA sequences are necessary to confirm these findings. However, S. c. annexus from the mainland Korean Peninsula was not divergent from S. c. macropygmaeus from northeastern China and adjacent Russia, indicating that S. c. annexus from the mainland Korean Peninsula is another endemic subspecies with only morphological differences, although it is necessary to reexamine the subspecies status of S. c. annexus.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.10-15
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• 1998

The bimolecular inhibition rate constants of carbofuran and N-dimethylphosphinothioyl carbofuran(PSC) to acetylcholinesterase(AChE) were $7.7{\times}10^{5}\;M^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$ and $1.2{\times}10^{3}\;M^{-1}{\cdot}min^{-1}$, respectively. These results showed that PSC required a bioactivation process for its toxic action because it didn't inhibit the target enzyme effectively. The potency of PSC as an inhibitor of AChE increased when PSC and AChE were incubated with microsomes fortified with NADPH compared with microsome alone. Piperonyl butoxide(PBO) addition to these coupled systems greatly reduced the inhibition of the target enzyme by blocking the bioactivation process. In vivo inhibition study of mouse brain AChE, $I_{50}$ value for AChE was 28 mg/kg for PSC and the value increased to 57 mg/kg when PBO was pretreated. This result showed that cytochrome $P_{450}$ would also play a role in the bioactivation process of PSC in vivo. And conversioin of carbofuran from PSC was 55 % in a chemical oxidation system using meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. The oxidative activation of PSC to carbofuran was shown to be essential for showing its toxicological action and cytochrome $P_{450}$ was identified as an important enzyme which participated in this process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.319-325
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of green tea catechin on microsomal mixed function oxidase(MFO) system of kidney and brain in streptozotocin(STZ) induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley male rats weighing 140$\pm$10g were randomly assigned to one control and three STZ-diabetic groups. Diabetic groups wer classified to DM-0C(catechin 0%/kg diet), DM-0.5C (catechin 0.5%/kg diet), and DM-1.0C(catechin 1%/kg diet) according to the level of catechin supplementation. Diabetes were experimentally induced by intravenous administration of 55mg/kg body weight of STZ in citrate buffer(pH 4.3) after 4 weeks feeding of three experimental diets. Animals were sacrificed at the sixth day of diabetic state. The contents of cytochrome P450 in kidney were increased by 77, 42, 49% in DM-0C, DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups, respectively, than normal group. The contents of cytochrome P450 in brain were increased by 43% in DM-0C group than normal group, but those of DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups were similar to that of normal group. The contents of cytochrome b5 in kidney were increased by 78, 38, 49% in DM-0C, DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups, respectively, than normal group. Meanwhile, the contents of cytochrome b5 in brain were not significantly different among all groups. The activities of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in kidney of DM-group were increased by 27% than normal group, but those of DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups were 13 and 15% lower than that of DM-0C group. The activities in brain were also increased by 31% in DM-0C group, but those of DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups were similar to than of normal group. Levels of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance) in kidney were increased by 147, 60 and 59% in DM-0C, DM-0.5C, and DM-1.0C groups, respectively, compared with normal group, but those of DM-0.5C and DM-1.0C groups were 36, 35% lower than that of DM-0C group. Meanwhile, the levels of TBARS in brain were not significantly different among four groups. These results indicate that dietary catechins in green tea play a powerful antioxidant role in reducing the lipid peroxidation enhanced by activation of MFO system in STZ-induced diabetes.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 1971

(1) Relatively active polyphenol oxidase influence was seen at $0{\circ}C$, and the optimal pH level for the enzyme from the seeds of a small type sweet pepper Zairaisisi is 6.5. (2) The starting stage of the brown coloration with low-temperature injuries showed a strong activity of polyphenol oxidase, and the activity drops to 0 as the entire seed became brownish. (3) The browning effect with enzyme solution of polyphenol extracts suggested that the brown coloration continues in vitro even if polyphenol oxidase activity is nil. (4) Although cytochrome oxidase activity dropped when an abnormality occurrs in electron pathways of respiration at the starting stage of the browning with low temperature injuries, there was no marked influence of it on the total respiration, indicating the fact that polyphenol oxidase can take place of terminal oxidase in the compensatory respiration process.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.411-416
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• 1997

To examine the free radical scavenging activities from buckwheat, Suwon No. 5 was extracted with various solvents. The seed of Suwon No. 5 had a high contents of carbohydrate, but the vegetable of that had a 31.4% of protein, 28.6% of ash and 25.7% carbohydrate as moisture free basis. Phenols contents of vegetable extracts had higher than those of seed extracts. Acetone extract of vegetable showed the greatest electron donating ability. Butanol and acetone extracts of vegetable showed high inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation. Acetone extract of vegetable has also excellent activity in the superoxide radical scavenging activity by xanthine/xanthine oxidase-cytochrome c reduction system. The inhibitory effects of extracts on xanthine oxidase were measured. Acetone extract had the strongest inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase and $IC_{50}$ was 2.2$\mu\textrm{g}$.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2011

Some echinoids were collected from the coast of Gangwon-do during the period from November 2008 to July 2011 and were identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of cytochrome oxidase subunit I mitochondrial DNA. Among them, Strongylocentrotus pallidus (Sars, 1871) belonging to the family Strongylocentrotidae of the order Camarodonta is reported for the first time in Korea and is redescribed. The genetic differences ranged from 0.038 to 0.139 between S. pallidus and four other species of genus Strongylocentrotus, but ranged from 0.002 to 0.005 between Korean specimens and GenBank data of S. pallidus. This species is widely distributed in cold sea water along the western part of the North Pacific and the Northwest Atlantic.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 1996

An extremely cadmium tolerant yeast, Hansenula anomala B-7 used to determine the modification of the intracellular enzyme activities by cadmium ion. The activities of alcohol dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, and cytidine deaminase were decreased up to 90%, 40%, and 86% compa- red with the control by 1 mM cadmium nitrate respectively, but the activities of malate dehydrogenase, 6- phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, and alkaline phosphatase were increased up to 440%, 136%, 260% and 155% compared with the control by 1 mM cadmium nitrate respectively. These results show that the activities of the enzymes participating in Embden-Mayerhof pathway (e.g. anaerobic metabolism) were reduced by cadmium, but those involved in hexose monophosphate pathway and tricarboxylic acid cycle (e.g. aerobic metabolism) were stimulated in contrast. It has been suggested that the diminished activity of cytidine deaminase in pyrimidine nucleotide dissimilation occured due to the inhibited nucleotide dissimilation by cadmium ion; the enhanced activity of cytochrome c oxidase was specifically required in order to oxidize a raised amount of NADH and NADPH due to the increased aerobic metabolism.