• ALGAE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2011

Yellow Sea surface sediment samples collected on October 15-31, 2003 were analyzed using the palynological process to investigate the spatial distribution of dinoflagellate resting cysts. The sampling areas comprised four latitudinal transects, the northernmost of which was located off the Shandong Peninsula, China and the southernmost off Jeju Island, Korea. Each transect line was composed of six to nine stations, spanning the distance between the Chinese and Korean coasts. Twenty-five different types of dinoflagellate cysts were identified. Gonyaulax scrippsae, Alexandrium spp. (ellipsoidal type), and G. spinifera were the most dominant at all stations surveyed. Dinoflagellate cysts belonging to the Gonyaulacales comprised over 50% of all cysts collected. The latitudinal distribution trend showed that cyst concentrations along the two middle transects were much higher than those along the two northern and southern transects. Cyst concentrations in the offshore central areas reached their highest values within each transect and gradually decreased toward the Chinese and Korean coasts. Overall, cyst concentrations were markedly elevated in the offshore central Yellow Sea areas and gradually decreased outward in all four directions. This concentric cyst distribution pattern was consistent with the hydrographic features of the Yellow Sea, such as circular current systems, sedimentary properties, and water depth.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.529-531
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• 2000

Giardia lamblia, a waterborne parasitic protozoa causing diarrhea and gastroenteritis, is transmitted to humans from untreated and treated water in the form of cysts. The ingestion of G. lamblia cysts is followed by the excystation of the cysts to trophozoites and subsequent colonization of the upper small intestine. In this study, the in vitro conditions for upper small intestine. In this study, the in vitro conditions for G. lamblia encystation were investigated to enhance the efficiency of cyst conversion and the resulting cyst density. The trophozoite of G. lamblia was cultivated to the late exponential growth phase, resulting in a high density of over $6{\times}10^7{\;}cells/ml$. The effects of pH, bile content, and induction time were evaluated; A cyst conversion of over 25% and 107 time were evaluated; A cyst conversion of over 25% and 107 cysts/ml were routinely obtained using the optimized encystation conditions including a slightly slkaline pH, 10 to 15 mg/ml of bile concentration, and 48-50 h of induction time.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.314-318
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• 2016

Posterior fossa is a site next to the middle fossa where arachnoid cyst frequently occurs. Generally, most arachnoid cysts are asymptomatic and are found incidentally in most cases. Although arachnoid cysts are benign and asymptomatic lesions, patients with posterior fossa arachnoid cysts often complain of headaches, gait disturbance, and ataxia due to the local mass effects on the cerebellum. We observed a patient with a posterior fossa arachnoid cyst who had visual symptoms and a headache, but did not have gait disturbance and ataxia. We recommended an emergency operation for decompression, but the patient refused for personal reasons. After 7 days, the patient revisited our hospital in a state of near-blindness. We suspected that the arachnoid cyst induced the hydrocephalus and thereby the enlarged third ventricle directly compressed optic nerves. Compressed optic nerves were rapidly aggravated during the critical seven days; consequently, the patient's vision was damaged despite the operation. Considering the results of our case, it is important to keep in mind that the aggravation of symptoms cannot be predicted; therefore, symptomatic arachnoid cysts should be treated without undue delay.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.205-214
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• 2007

Marine environmental characteristics on the dinoflagellate cysts distribution in surface sediment of the southwest sea of Korea were investigated from 21 stations in September 2003, and 36 stations in June, 2004. The water mass characteristics indicated that the southwest sea of Korea is characterized by various oceanographic conditions due to coastal waters of Korea and China. The Tsushima warm currents and the cold bottom water of the Yellow Sea. Mud contents and chlorophyll a concentrations were higher in central region such as, Namhaedo, Yeosu and Goheung coast than in western region such as, Wando, Haenam and Jindo coast in the South Sea of Korea. A total of 35 taxa of dinoflagellate cysts were identified representing 21 genera, 33 species, 2 unidentified species. Cyst abundance ranged from 13 to 527 cysts $g-dry^{-1}$, showing higher abundance in the coastal areas than in western region of the South Sea of Korea. From the result of the PCA analysis, the distribution of dinoflagellate cysts was not only related to the different water masses which appeared in the southwestern sea but also to physical and biological parameters such as water temperature, light, surface sediment faces and phytoplankton biomass.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.263-265
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• 2010

Echinococcosis is a multisystem disease and has propensity to involve any organ, an unusual anatomical site, and can mimic any disease process. Primary peritoneal echinococcosis is known to occur secondary to hepatic involvement but occasional cases of primary peritoneal hydatid disease including pelvic involvement have also been reported. We report here 1 such case of primary pelvic hydatidosis mimicking a malignant multicystic ovarian tumor where there was no evidence of involvement of the liver or spleen. Our patient, a 27-year-old female, was detected to have a large right cystic adnexal mass on per vaginal examination which was confirmed by ultrasonography. Her biochemical parameters were normal and CA-125 levels, though mildly raised, were below the cut off point. She underwent surgery and on exploratory laparotomy, another cystic mass was found attached to the mesentery of the small gut. The resected cysts were processed histopathologically. On cut sections both large cysts revealed numerous daughter cysts. Microscopic examination of fluid from the cysts revealed free scolices with hooklets and the cyst wall had a typical laminated membrane with inner germinal layer containing degenerated protoplasmic mass. The diagnosis of pelvic hydatid disease was confirmed and patient was managed accordingly. Hydatid disease must be considered while making the differential diagnosis of pelvic cystic masses, especially in endemic areas.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.70-73
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• 2011

Nasopalatine duct cysts are the most common non-odontogenic developmental cyst originating in the incisive canal of maxilla and occuring in approximately 1% of the population. Clinical presentation is mostly asymptomatic in small cysts, but sometimes shows swelling, pain and drainage when it is infected. The definite diagnosis should be based on clinical, radiological and histopathologic findings. Marsupialization of the cystic tissue can be performed, however, complete surgical excision is the the choice of treatment of nasopalatine duct cysts. We report a case of nasopalatine duct cyst occurred in the midline of hard palate treated by complete excision via transoral approach.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2012

Dentigerous cysts are the most common developmental cysts of the jaws, most frequently associated with impacted mandibular third molar teeth. Dentigerous cysts around supernumerary teeth, however, account for 5% of all dentigerous cysts, with most developing around a mesiodens in the anterior maxilla. This report describes two cases of a dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted mesiodens. Both of the patients complained of swelling in the maxillary anterior region. Radiographic examination revealed an impacted mesiodens surrounded by a large corticated radiolucency in both cases. A provisional diagnosis of infected odontogenic cyst was made. The cysts were enucleated with the removal of the mesiodens in the two cases. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of infected dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted mesiodens in both cases. The patients remained asymptomatic, and no complications were noted.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.681-691
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• 1988

Fifty-five patients with primary mediastinal tumors and cysts which were seen at T.S. Dept., HYUH, were analyzed clinically, histologically, in an incidence of anatomic location and therapeutic results. The results were summarized as follows; 1] The ages of the patients in this series ranged from 15 months to 79 years with the highest incidence in the age group of third decade, and there were no sex distribution[M:F=0.96]. 2] The most frequently encountered tumors were teratodermoid tumors[29%] followed by neurogenic tumors[22%], thymomas[15%] and benign cysts[11%] in decreasing order of frequency. 3] Based on the subdivision of the mediastinum, 62% of the tumors were in the antero-superior mediastinum, 7% in the middle mediastinum and 31% in the posterior mediastinum. 4] The most frequent symptom was chest pain and others were dyspnea, cough, chest tightness and dysphagia. Asymptomatic patients were 29%. 5] Benign tumors and cysts were 71% and malignant tumors were 29%. 6] The successful removal was possible in all the benign mediastinal tumors and cysts[39 cases] and partial removal or biopsy was performed in the 12 cases among 16 cases of malignant mediastinal tumors. 7] Postoperative complications were bleeding, chylothorax, vocal cord paralysis, wound infection and hypothyroidism. 8] The most frequent mediastinal tumor in the West is neurogenic tumor but is teratoma in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.83-85
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• 2009

In a cross-sectional abattoir survey of bovine pulmonary diseases in Mymensingh, during September 2001 to April 2002, subclinical Dictyocaulus viviparous infection was found in mesoendemic level in Bangladeshi adult zebu cattle. The number of mature lung worms varied from $1{\sim}18$ in individual lungs. One to five mature lung worms were most frequent (74.2%) followed by 6 to 10(19.3%) and $11{\sim}18$ (6.5%). Of the total 123 mature worms collected from 31 lungs, there were 50 (40.7%) male and 73 (59.3%) female worms. The female lungworms (mean length 14.41mm) were significantly (P<0.01) larger than the male lungworms (mean length 11.28mm). The number of hydatid cysts varied from $1{\sim}80$ in individual lungs. One to five ($1{\sim}5$) cysts were recorded most commonly (76.0%) followed by $11{\sim}80$ (20.0%) and $6{\sim}10$ (4%). The size (diameter) of the hydatid cysts ranged from $2{\sim}12cm$. Of the total 203 hydatid cysts collected from 31 lungs 45 (22.2%) cysts were fertile and 158 (77.8%) cyst were sterile.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.281-284
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• 2011

Amebiasis is a protozoan disease caused by Entamoeba histolytica and a potential health threat in areas where sanitation and hygiene are inappropriate. Highly sensitive PCR methods for detection of E. histolytica in clinical and environmental samples are extremely useful to control amebiasis and to promote public health. The present study compared several primer sets for small subunit (SSU) rDNA and histone genes of E. histolytica cysts. A 246 bp of the SSU rDNA gene of pure cysts contained in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and in stool samples was successfully amplified by nested PCR, using the 1,147-246 bp primer set, of the primary PCR products which were pre-amplified using the 1,147 bp primer as the template. The detection limit of the nested PCR using the 1,147-246 primer set was 10 cysts in both groups (PBS and stool samples). The PCR to detect histone gene showed negative results. We propose that the nested PCR technique to detect SSU rDNA can be used as a highly sensitive genetic method to detect E. histolytica cysts in stool samples.