• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.161-167
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• 2005

The improvements of the propulsive engine efficiencies could reduce the fuel consumption. Therefore. for a marine main diesel engine the substantial increase of stroke bore ratio. so that the engine speed can be significantly reduced in order to increase the Propulsive efficiency. As a typical example. a Sulzer RTA 60C engine has acylinder diameter of 600 mm and each cylinder is capable of delivering 2.369 kW in the speed range 91-114 rpm. In order to Provide basic data for thermal system of marine engine. this work performs an experimental study of heat transfer in a square channel with one rib-roughened wall under sin91e mode of reciprocating oscillation. A selection of heat transfer measurements illustrates the manner by which the reciprocating channel with two opposite heating walls has the higher heat transfer Performance than with four heating wall.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.113-121
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• 1994

Since two oil shocks in 1970s, all of engine makers have persevered in their efforts to reduce specific fuel consumption and to increase engine power rate as much as possible in marine diesel engines. As a result, the maximum pressure in cylinders of these engines has been continuously increased. It causes direct axial vibration. The axial stiffness of crank shaft is low compared to old types of engine models by increasing the stroke/bore ratio and its major critical speed might occur within engine operation range. An axial damper, therefore, needs to be installed in order to reduce the axial vibration amplitude of the crankshaft. Usually the main critical speed of axial vibration for the propulsion shafting system with a 4-8 cylinder engine exists near the maximum continuous revolution(MCR). In this case, when the damping coefficient of the damper is increased within the allowance of the structural strength, its stiffness coefficient is also increased. Therefore, the main critical speed of axial vibration can be moved beyond the MCR. It has the same function as a conventional detuner. However, in the case of a 9-12 cylinder engine, the main critical speed of axial vibration for the propulsion shafting system exists below the MCR and thus the critical speed cannot be moved beyond the MCR by using an axial damper. In this case, the damping coefficient of an axial damper should be adjusted by considering the range of engine revolution, the location and vibration amplitude of the critical speed, the fore and aft vibration of the hull super structure. It needs to clarify the dynamic characteristics of the axial vibration damper to control the axial vibration appropriately. Therefore authors suggest the calculation method to analyse the dynamic characteristics of axial vibration damper. To confirm the calculation method proposed in this paper, it is applied to the propulsion shafting system of the actual ships and satisfactory results are obtained.

• 연구논문집
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• 통권33호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2003

Fuel distribution, combustion, and flame propagation characteristics of heavy duty engine with the liquid phase LPG injection(LPLI) were studied in a single cylinder engine. Optically accessible single cylinder engine and laser diagnostics system were built for quantifying fuel concentration by acetone PLIF(planar laser induced fluorescence) measurements. In case of Otto cycle engine with large bore size, the engine knock and thermal stress of exhaust manifold are so critical that lean burn operation is needed to reduce the problems. It is generally known that fuel stratification is one of the key technologies to extend the lean misfire limit. The formation of rich mixture in the spark plug vicinity was achieved by open valve injection. With higher swirl strength(Rs=3.4) and open valve injection, the cloud of fuel followed the flow direction and the radial air/fuel mixing was limited by strong swirl flow. It was expected that axial stratification was maintained with open-valve injection if the radial component of the swirling motion was stronger than the axial components. The axial fuel stratification and concentration were sensitive to fuel injection timing in case of Rs=3.4 while those were relatively independent of the injection timing in case of Rs2.3. Thus, strong swirl flow could promote desirable axial fuel stratification and, in result, may make flame propagation stable in the early stage of combustion.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.401-402
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• 2002

Diesel engines have many sliding parts with solid body contact. For example, a piston-ring and a cylinder bore, a valve and a valve-seat, a cam and a valve tappet. These parts have a severe wear problem. during engine life times. During these times, the valve tappet has abnormal wear such as scuffing and pitting due to a high hertzian contact stress between the cam and the tappet. Excessive wear problems frequently occur to both the cam and the tappet. To solve these problems, we developed an advanced wear resistant tappet. The developed tappet consisted of a hard-metal wear part and a steel body. To increase a bonding strength, those two parts, were directly bonded to each other. Also to decrease a bonding temperature, we developed the composition of Ni-binder materials in the hard metal. To estimate the wear characteristics of the newly developed tappet, we performed wear tests and engine dynamo tests in order to compare them with a conventional Fe-base tappet. As a result, the newly developed tappet has better wear characteristics than those of the conventional tappet. In addition, we performed a 100,000km field-test, and the newly developed tappet showed much improved wear resistance.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.65-71
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• 2014

Atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) is world-widely used process in the automotive industry as a method to provide wear resistance coatings for engine cylinder bore, using various materials. The weight of engine blocks can be considerably decreased by removing cast iron liners, which can finally result in the improvement of fuel efficiency. In this study, five kinds of powder materials, 1.2C steel powder and 1.2C steel powder mixed with 5, 10, 15, 20 wt.%. molybdenum powder, were deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying in order to investigate the effect of molybdenum on the wear resistance of coatings. Microstructural analysis showed that molybdenum splats were well distributed in 1.2C steel matrix with intimate bonding. The molybdenum added coatings showed better tribological properties than 1.2C steel coating. However, above the 15 wt.%. blending fraction, wear resistance was somewhat degraded with poor roughness of worn surface due to the brittle fracture occurred in molybdenum splats. Consequently, compared to conventional liner material, gray cast iron, 10 wt. pct. molybdenum blended 1.2C steel coating showed much better tribological properties and therefore it looks very feasible to replace gray cast iron liner.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1987

Nowadays, the problems of energy and environmental pollution become serious day by day and the diesel engine, which has been proved to be superior to gasoline engine with respect to fuel consumption and ecological problems of exhaust gas, has been adopted widely for various purposes from the marine diesel engine and the dynamo engine to all kinds of engine on land. Therefore, extensive parametric studies on combustion of diesel engine should be done for its desing and improvement. To predict the behavior of diesel engien according to variable operating conditions by means of cycle simulation, the reasonable pattern of heat release rate has to be asumed. But it is necessary to know the actual variation of heat release rate in order to assume the reasonable pattern of heat release rate according to the actual operating conditions. In this paper, on a high speed small bore diesel engine with pre-combustion chamber, experimental investigations were carried out to determine the relationship between the heat release pattern and parameters such as engine load and speed. And also, the theoretical investigations about the performance variations of the above diesel engine according to the predicted pattern of heat release rate variation were performed. From the above observations, it may be said that the Fanboro indicator, which was used to get the cylinder pressure, can be used to estimate a reasonable pattern of heat release rate and it is confirmed that the pattern of heat release rate for the pre-combustion type engine is different from that of the direct injection type engine.

• 유공압시스템학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

The leakage generated from the clearance between the cylinder bore and the piston is one of the most serious problems in the hydraulic piston pump, and it even results in terrible decrease of the volume efficiency at a great velocity and high pressure. In this paper, the lubrication characteristic of the hydrostatic slipper bearing equipped in the hydraulic piston pump has been worked out by experimentation with three model bearings of different shape. Preparatory to this, not only the three models of piston-slipper were designed, but the corresponding experimental apparatus were also manufactured. As a result, it was verified that, according to the supply pressure, the hydrostatic bearing part of the slipper is severely affected by the pocket pressure, land pressure, oil film thickness, and leakage flow.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 3차원수치파동수로내에 쇄파후의 파랑이 대형연직원주구조물에 작용할 때 작용파력과 구조물에 의한 파랑변형을 수치적으로 해석한다. 수치해석법으로 파랑과 구조물과의 비선형상호간섭에 따른 쇄파현상을 포함하는 복잡한 자유수면의 거동특성을 고정도로 해석할 수 있는 3차원Navier-Stokes운동방정식과 자유수면추적에 3차원VOF(Volume Of Fluid)법을 결합한 강비선형해석법을 적용한다. 3차원파동장내에서 해저는 쇄파를 상대적으로 쉽게 발생시킬 수 있는 경사스텝의 해저(변수심의 경사수역과 일정수심역으로 구성)로 이루어진 경우를 고려하며, 파고의 변화에 따라 쇄파가 경사수역 또는 일정수심역에서 발생하여 일정수심역의 대형연직원주구조물에는 쇄파후의 파랑만이 작용하는 경우로 한정한다. 구조물의 위치 및 입사파랑의 파고변화가 구조물에 작용하는 파력 및 파랑변형에 미치는 특성을 쇄파전후의 파랑을 중심으로 검토하고, 쇄파후 파랑의 전파에 따른 파랑에너지의 변화와 구조물에 작용하는 파력특성과를 연관시켜 논의하여 3차원파동장에서 파랑과 구조물과의 강비선형간섭현상의 특성을 규명한다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2017

This paper is the fifth investigation on the methods of evaluating flow characteristics in a steady flow bench. In previous studies, several assumptions used in the steady flow bench were examined and it was concluded that the assumption of the solid rotation may lead to serious problems. In addition, though the velocity profiles were improved as the measuring position went downstream, the distributions were far from ideal regardless of the valve angle and evaluation position. The eccentricities were also not sufficiently small to disregard the effect on impulse swirl meter (ISM) measurement. Therefore, the effect of these distribution and eccentricity changes according to the positions needs to be analyzed to discuss the method of flow characteristics estimation. In this context, the effects of evaluation position on the steady flow characteristics were studied. For this purpose, the swirl coefficient and swirl ratio were assessed and compared via measurement of the conventional ISM and calculation based on the velocity by particle image velocimetry(PIV) from 1.75B, 1.75 times bore position apart from the cylinder head, to the 6.00B position. The results show that the swirl coefficients by ISM strictly decrease and the curves as a function of the valve lift become smooth and linear as the measuring position goes downstream. However, the values through the calculation based on the PIV are higher at the farther position due to the approach of the tangential velocity profile to ideal. In addition, there exists an offset effect between the velocity distribution and eccentricity in the low valve lift range when the coefficients are estimated based on the swirl center. Finally, the curve of the swirl ratio by ISM and by PIV evaluation as a function the measuring position intersect around 5.00B plane except at $26^{\circ}$ valve angle.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

자주포 또는 원자로와 같은 두꺼운 실린더는 압력용기 내부에 유익한 잔류 압축응력을 유도하여 작용압력과 피로수명을 증가시키도록 자긴 가공되고 있다. 자긴가공도가 증가하면 구멍에서 압축잔류응력의 크기도 증가한다. 본연구의 목적은 ASME 코드에 의해 적용된 Kendall 모델을 이용하여 고강도 SCM440 강의 정확한 잔류응력을 예측하는 것이다. SCM440 후육실린더의 내부에 유압이 적용되고 30% 변형률까지 자긴 가공하였다. 자긴가공된 시편은 전해연마하고 X-ray 회절법을 이용하여 정확한 잔류응력을 산출하도록 하였다. 그리고 주사전자현미경을 이용하여 자긴가공에 의해 소성변형된 표면층을 분석하였다. 측정한 잔류응력과 계산된 결과를 비교하여 약간의 차이는 있으나 비교적 서로 잘 일치하고 있다.