• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1148-1153
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• 2016

The number of cyclists is on the steady growing for leisure and transportation with the increasing interest in health and environment. However, the number of cycling accidents is also increasing steadily due to the lack of safety awareness and regulations. Focusing on this issue, we propose and develop a smart LED bicycle helmet in order to reduce a risk of cycling accident. The main idea is to change status of the LED on the helmet based on the bicycle's movement and provide motion information of the bicycle for others. To control the LED lights on the helmet, we use the Arduino board which communicates with the LED module through serial connection. We decide motion information by using the values from acceleration and GPS sensors of the smartphone. To receive this information from the smartphone, the control board and the smartphone are connected by Bluetooth.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.123-129
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• 2012

Simple camera-based system for evaluation of lower limb alignment as a part of an automated cycling fitting system was developed and verified in this study. Developed imaging system can evaluate lower limb alignment quantitatively during pedaling using a general camcorder and single marker attached on the knee. Threshold-based marker detection algorithm was proposed in this study. Experiment was carried out to compare the trajectory data from marker detection algorithm of the developed imaging system with the trajectory data from 3-D motion capture system. Results showed that average error between trajectories was 2.33 mm (0.92 %) in the vertical direction and 0.62 mm (1.86 %) in the medio-lateral direction. There existed significant correlation between two measured values (r=0.9996 in the vertical direction and r=0.9975 in the medio-lateral direction). It can be concluded that developed imaging system be applied to evaluate lower limb alignment which is an important factor for dynamic bicycle fitting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.88-105
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to grasp the actual wearing conditions, inconvenience and problems with cycle wear. To attain this purpose, a questionnaire was completed by direct observation and by interviewing bicyclists. The questionnaire was given to 273 bicyclists. The questionnaire consisted of items that are related to concerns with dressing appropriately and enhancement of physical performance through dress. Following are the results of this study. According to the survey, many of them purchased imported cycle wear rather than national cycle wear, and the satisfaction according with purchase rate was low. Bicyclists were uneasy with finding right size cycle wear especially for women. It turned out that the area of the knee and elbow are mostly the areas that they get hurt while riding. Even though the knee and elbow are the mostly hurt area, bicyclists do not prefer to wear appropriate protector for the knee and elbow to excel in their performance in cycling. In material related questions, lower dissatisfaction was indicated for the lints caused by fraction. Average satisfaction was indicated for the distortion after washing, changes in color, touch of the fabric, matters with static and sweat. With regard to the areas where the bicyclists felt discomfort was highly indicated with lower-body clothing. Discomfort was highly indicated with crotch area when riding long period of time. Also when riding a cycle, discomfort was indicated with the leggings cuffs when it comes upward with riding motion. Most of the bicyclists felt the tight fitting leggings were embarrassing.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.22 no.6 s.171
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• pp.207-212
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• 2005

The purpose of this work is to develop the FES controller that can cope with the muscle fatigue which is one of the most important problems of current FES (Functional Electrical Stimulation). The feasibility of the proposed FES controller was evaluated by simulation. We used a fitness function to describe the effect of muscle fatigue and recovery process. The FES control system was developed based on the biological neuronal system. Specifically, we used PD (Proportional and Derivative) and GC (Gravity Compensation) control, which was described by the neuronal feedback structure. It was possible to control of multiple joints and muscles by using the phase-based PD and GC control method and the static optimization. As a result, the proposed FES control system could maintain the cycling motion in spite of the muscle fatigue. It is expected that the proposed FES controller will play an important role in the rehabilitation of SCI patient.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.219-234
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• 2008

The purpose of this thesis is to conduct research on the degree of satisfaction (for both wearing and functioning) of cycle wear; to present the basic data to develop cycle wears which can lesson the trouble for human body and have an excellent feeling in wearing. To inquire the degree of satisfaction, the method of questionnaire was used for 100 peoples consisted of male cycling players. As the result of the satisfaction degree in wearing, it can be certain that the users are satisfied overall and yet they express the lowest satisfaction at material among material, design, color and function. When it comes to unsatisfactory factors of wearing cycle wear, the most unsatisfactory one is the poor function of clothing on the whole. As the result of the site suitability of cycle wear, we can find the problems on the girth of neck and armhole of the upper garment, and on the part from waist to hip length and the girth from thigh through knee to calf of lower garment. As the result of the motion suitability of cycle wears, we can acknowledge that there are problems on the part of neck, armpit, and abdomen of the upper garment rather than the lower one.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to develop an improved marker auto-identification algorithm for reduce of data processing time through improve the efficiency of noise elimination and marker separation. The maker auto-identification algorithm was programming named KUMAS used Delphi language. For the study, various experiments were conducted for the verification of KUMAS. and compared two systems of established with the KUMAS. Four different motions - cycling, gait, rotation, and pendulum -, were selected and tested. Motions were filmed 30Hz frames rate per second. ${\chi}^2$ used for statistical analysis. Significant level were ${\alpha}=.05$. The test results were as follow. 1. Increased the success ratio of marker auto-identification. 2. The efficiency of marker auto-identification was remarkably improved through marker separation, noise elimination. 3. The marker auto-identification ability was improved in 2D-image plane include the 3D motion. 4. Significant different were found between KUMAS and B-SYS(established system) with non-input the artificial noise frames, input the artificial noise frames and total frames.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.991-996
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• 2017

Gait stability is partly characterized by an extended stance phase that comprises 60 of the gait ％ cycle. In this study, a gait pattern was employed for a crank drive system that allows for stable lower limb kinematics during stand-up cycling. A quick return mechanism was applied to the crank system to allow for a slow rotation of the crank during the stance phase and for a quick return during the swing phase. Design parameters for the quick return crank mechanism were defined, and kinematic simulations were performed to understand the behavior of the mechanism. To evaluate the design, an experimental instrument was fabricated, and the cycling motion was analyzed. The results indicated that this new drive system can stabilize the center of mass of the user. This study can contribute to the development of a stand-up bicycle that allows for more comfortable leg kinematics.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.597-603
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• 2015

This study investigates the actual domestic and overseas cyclewear wearing conditions for male high school cyclists. The study results provide factors and degree of dissatisfaction as basic data for cyclewear development. This study was conducted on 35 male high school cyclists (freshman to seniors) by a questionnaire and interview method. Study results were: Male high school cyclists considered functionality as most important when they bought cyclewear and the brand they most often bought was a cheap domestic brand. Dissatisfaction with the crotch, thigh circumference and minimum leg circumference was higher than other parts during wearing. A cyclist is more sensitive to wear because they require more lower body motion than other parts. Cyclewear should be: less transformed even by frequent laundering, made of breathable material and use a sewing technique that minimizes air resistance and increases fit the body. Functional pads ergonomically designed with high tactile materials should be developed to prevent 'saddle sore' and groin soreness region that happens because of a lower body bending posture when cycling. A follow-up study is recommended to further develop excellence in cyclewear functionality and dimension suitability for male high school cyclists through the size system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.255-258
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• 2002

Dental chewing masticator, which is an essential device for evaluating the wear of dental resin and the interfacial failure between the filling resin and enamel of tooth used in conservative dentistry, was developed. This dental chewing masticator mimics the chewing motion and loading by adapting DC motor and rotary cam system. Chewing loading of 49N was imposed by computer-displacement control, loadcell, LM guide, and spring system. Extracted tooth was fixed into a holding jig, and this jig was mounted with rubber pad on the $15^{\circ}$inclined surface to consider the lateral movement of periodontal ligament. A water bath was installed for providing the environment of inside mouth and for circulating the $5^{\circ}C-55^{\circ}C$ water to evaluate the effect of hydrothermal cycling on the damage of resin filled teeth during long-term chewing activity.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.110-119
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• 1998

In an effort to obtain preventive, diagnostic and therpeutic medical and exercise training information of rheumatoid arthritis as well as to provide pertinent data to be used in development of exercise program for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, this study was conducted by using literature review. Because RA is a disease that involves both joints and muscles, its activity in the different functional classes influences the patient's ability to exercise. A patient in Functional Class 1 may perform any type of exercise because the disease involvement has not yet reached major importance. Exceptions may include hard physical exercise, running, and individual racket sports. In almost all cases, bicycle exercise is possible. Patients in Functional Class 2 and a few in Class 3 can perform most types of exercise (especially cycling, walking, heated pool exercise and even jogging) in low activity phases of RA. Although a few patients in Functional Class 3 can walk, jog, and perform similar types of exercise, most persons in this class can swim or exercise on a bicycle if the type of exercise, its intensity, and its range of motion are modified according to the patient's anatomic and pathologic conditions. Most patients in Functional Class 4 are not able to carry out complicated movements. We conclude that physical training for persons with RA has physical, psychological, and social consequences that are clearly beneficial. We recommend training be one part of the many involved in the complicated treatment of RA.